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Clarkson MJ, McMahon B, Warmington SA. Comparing adaptations from blood flow restriction exercise training using regulated or unregulated pressure systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil 2024:2692155241271040. [PMID: 39105331 DOI: 10.1177/02692155241271040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE No study has examined outcomes derived from blood flow restriction exercise training interventions using regulated compared with unregulated blood flow restriction pressure systems. Therefore, we used a systematic review and meta-analyses to compare the chronic adaptations to blood flow restriction exercise training achieved with regulated and unregulated blood flow restriction pressure systems. DATA SOURCES The electronic database search included using the tool EBSCOhost and other online database search engines. The search included Medline, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Embase and SpringerLink. METHODS Included studies utilised chronic blood flow restriction exercise training interventions greater than two weeks duration, where blood flow restriction was applied using a regulated or unregulated blood flow restriction pressure system, and where outcome measures such as muscle strength, muscle size or physical function were measured both pre- and post-training. Studies included in the meta-analyses used an equivalent non-blood flow restriction exercise comparison group. RESULTS Eighty-one studies were included in the systematic review. Data showed that regulated (n = 47) and unregulated (n = 34) blood flow restriction pressure systems yield similar training adaptations for all outcome measures post-intervention. For muscle strength and muscle size, this was reaffirmed in the included meta-analyses. CONCLUSION This review indicates that practitioners may achieve comparable training adaptations with blood flow restriction exercise training using either regulated or unregulated blood flow restriction pressure systems. Therefore, additional factors such as device quality, participant comfort and safety, cost and convenience are important factors to consider when deciding on appropriate equipment to use when prescribing blood flow restriction exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Clarkson
- Institute for Health & Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Breanna McMahon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart A Warmington
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Interaction of Factors Determining Critical Power. Sports Med 2023; 53:595-613. [PMID: 36622556 PMCID: PMC9935749 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The physiological determinants of high-intensity exercise tolerance are important for both elite human performance and morbidity, mortality and disease in clinical settings. The asymptote of the hyperbolic relation between external power and time to task failure, critical power, represents the threshold intensity above which systemic and intramuscular metabolic homeostasis can no longer be maintained. After ~ 60 years of research into the phenomenon of critical power, a clear understanding of its physiological determinants has emerged. The purpose of the present review is to critically examine this contemporary evidence in order to explain the physiological underpinnings of critical power. Evidence demonstrating that alterations in convective and diffusive oxygen delivery can impact upon critical power is first addressed. Subsequently, evidence is considered that shows that rates of muscle oxygen utilisation, inferred via the kinetics of pulmonary oxygen consumption, can influence critical power. The data reveal a clear picture that alterations in the rates of flux along every step of the oxygen transport and utilisation pathways influence critical power. It is also clear that critical power is influenced by motor unit recruitment patterns. On this basis, it is proposed that convective and diffusive oxygen delivery act in concert with muscle oxygen utilisation rates to determine the intracellular metabolic milieu and state of fatigue within the myocytes. This interacts with exercising muscle mass and motor unit recruitment patterns to ultimately determine critical power.
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Li S, Li S, Wang L, Quan H, Yu W, Li T, Li W. The Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise on Angiogenesis-Related Factors in Skeletal Muscle Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814965. [PMID: 35250618 PMCID: PMC8892188 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBlood flow restriction (BFR) exercise may be a potential exercise program to promote angiogenesis. This review aims to compare the effects of exercise with and without BFR on angiogenesis-related factors in skeletal muscle among healthy adults.MethodologySearches were made in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and EBSCO databases from January 2001 to June 2021. Studies were screened, quality was evaluated, and data were extracted. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021261367). Standardized mean differences (SMD) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were analyzed using Revman 5.4 software with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsTen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a total of 75 participants for BFR group and 77 for CON group. BFR exercise elicits greater expression of VEGF (heterogeneity test, P = 0.09, I2 = 44%; SMD, 0.93 [0.38, 1.48], P < 0.05), VEGFR-2 (heterogeneity test, P = 0.81, I2 = 0%; SMD, 0.64 [0.08, 1.21], P < 0.05), HIF-1α (heterogeneity test, P = 0.67, I2 = 0%; SMD, 0.43 [0.03, 0.82], P < 0.05), PGC-1α (heterogeneity test, P = 0.02, I2 = 54%; SMD, 0.74 [0.21, 1.28], P < 0.05) and eNOS (heterogeneity test, P = 0.88, I2 = 0%; SMD, 0.60 [0.04, 1.17], P < 0.05) mRNA than non-BFR exercise. In the sub-group analysis, resistance exercise with BFR elicits greater expression of VEGF (heterogeneity test, P = 0.36, I2 = 6%; SMD, 1.66 [0.97, 2.35], P < 0.05) and HIF-1α (heterogeneity test, P = 0.56, I2 = 0%; SMD, 0.51 [0.01, 1.02], P < 0.05) mRNA than aerobic exercise with BFR.ConclusionExercise with BFR elicited more angiogenesis-related factors mRNA expression than exercise without BFR, but not VEGF and PGC-1α protein expression. Therefore, BFR training may be a potential training program to improve vascular function.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42021261367].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoqi Li
- School of Health Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Sports Human Science, Ocean University of China, Shandong, China
| | - Shiming Li
- Institute of Sports Human Science, Ocean University of China, Shandong, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Helong Quan
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenbing Yu
- Institute of Sports Human Science, Ocean University of China, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Ting Li,
| | - Wei Li
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Li,
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Aguilera-Castells J, Buscà B, Arboix-Alió J, Miró A, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A, Peña J. sEMG Activity in Superimposed Vibration on Suspended Supine Bridge and Hamstring Curl. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712471. [PMID: 34456751 PMCID: PMC8385437 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally in strength and conditioning environments, vibration has been transmitted using platforms, barbells, dumbbells, or cables but not suspension devices. This study aimed to examine the effects on the lower limb of applying superimposed vibration on a suspension device. Twenty-one physically active men and women performed supine bridge and hamstring curl exercises in three suspended conditions (non-vibration, vibration at 25 Hz, and vibration at 40 Hz). In each exercise condition, the perceived exertion scale for resistance exercise (OMNI-Res) was registered, and the electromyographic signal was assessed for gastrocnemius (medialis and lateralis), biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gluteus maximus, and rectus femoris. A linear mixed model indicated a significant fixed effect for vibration at 25 Hz and 40 Hz on muscle activity in suspended supine bridge (p < 0.05), but no effect for suspended hamstring curl (p > 0.05). Likewise, the Friedman test showed a significant main effect for vibration at 25 Hz and 40 Hz in suspended supine bridge (p < 0.05) but not for suspended hamstring curl (p > 0.05) on OMNI-Res. Post hoc analysis for suspended supine bridge with vibration at 25 Hz showed a significant activation increase in gastrocnemius lateralis (p = 0.008), gastrocnemius medialis (p = 0.000), semitendinosus (p = 0.003) activity, and for semitendinosus under 40 Hz condition (p = 0.001) compared to the non-vibration condition. Furthermore, OMNI-Res was significantly higher for the suspended supine bridge at 25 Hz (p = 0.003) and 40 Hz (p = 0.000) than for the non-vibration condition. Superimposed vibration at 25 Hz elicits a higher neuromuscular response during the suspended supine bridge, and the increase in vibration frequency also raises the OMNI-Res value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Aguilera-Castells
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences, and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Buscà
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences, and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Arboix-Alió
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences, and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Miró
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences, and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azahara Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences, and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Health Science Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Peña
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain.,Sport Performance Analysis Research Group (SPARG), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
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Alajlouni D, Bliuc D, Tran T, Eisman JA, Nguyen TV, Center JR. Decline in Muscle Strength and Performance Predicts Fracture Risk in Elderly Women and Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5868761. [PMID: 32639571 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Muscle strength and performance are associated with fractures. However, the contribution of their rate of decline is unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess the independent contribution of the rate of decline in muscle strength and performance to fracture risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling women (n = 811) and men (n = 440) aged 60 years or older from the prospective Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study followed from 2000 to 2018 for incident fracture. Clinical data, appendicular lean mass/height2 (ht)2, bone mineral density, quadricep strength/ht (QS), timed get-up-and-go (TGUG), 5 times repeated sit-to-stand (5xSTS), and gait speed (GS) measured biennially. Rates of decline in muscle parameters were calculated using ordinary least squares regression and fracture risk was assessed using Cox's models. MAIN OUTCOME Incident low-trauma fracture ascertained by x-ray report. RESULTS Apart from lean mass in women, all muscle parameters declined over time. Greater rates of decline in physical performance were associated with increased fracture risk in women (Hazard ratios [HRs] ranging from 2.1 (95% CI: 1.5-2.9) for GS to 2.7 (95% CI: 1.9-3.6) for 5xSTS, while in men only the decline in GS was associated with fracture risk (HR: 3.4 [95% CI: 1.8-6.3]). Baseline performance and strength were also associated with increased fracture risk in men (HRs ranging from 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1-3.0) for QS to 2.5 (95% CI: 1.5-4.1) for TGUG, but not in women. CONCLUSION Rate of decline in physical performance in both genders, and baseline strength and performance in men, contributed independently to fracture risk. Sit-to-stand and GS were the tests most consistently associated with fractures. Further studies are required to determine whether muscle strength and/or performance improve the predictive accuracy of fracture prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Alajlouni
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dana Bliuc
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thach Tran
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John A Eisman
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tuan V Nguyen
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Locklear CT, Golabi P, Gerber L, Younossi ZM. Exercise as an intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease: Systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12774. [PMID: 30334965 PMCID: PMC6211898 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various etiologies of chronic liver disease often result in cirrhosis. Beside obvious liver-related complications, cirrhosis also leads to loss of muscle mass and decreased exercise capacity. In this study, our aim was to conduct a systematic review of literature to investigate the efficacy of exercise interventions in patients with cirrhosis. METHOD PubMed was used to perform the literature search. The mesh terms used were the following: (liver (and) cirrhosis (and) exercise or (exercise therapy)). The following terms were excluded: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The search was limited to the English language and human research. The initial search was conducted on December 6, 2016 and re-reviewed May 2017. RESULTS Seven studies met selection criteria. Training interventions ranged between 4 and 14 weeks in duration with an exercise frequency of 3 to 5 days per week. Most studies demonstrated an increase in maximal oxygen consumption using gas exchange techniques. Two of 3 studies demonstrated increased distance covered in the 6-minute walk test. One study showed a clinically significant decrease in hepatic venous pressure gradient, while another showed a transient increase only during exercise. There were no adverse effects of the exercise program reported. CONCLUSIONS Exercise in selected patients with cirrhosis can have potential benefit in endurance and functional outcome measures without adverse effect from exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pegah Golabi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Lynn Gerber
- Center For Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Zobair M. Younossi
- Center For Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, United States
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Denadai BS, Greco CC. Can the Critical Power Model Explain the Increased Peak Velocity/Power During Incremental Test After Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training? J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:2319-2323. [PMID: 28234716 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Denadai, BS and Greco, CC. Can the critical power model explain the increased peak velocity/power during incremental test after concurrent strength and endurance training? J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2319-2323, 2017-The highest exercise intensity that can be maintained at the end of a ramp or step incremental test (i.e., velocity or work rate at V[Combining Dot Above]O2max - Vpeak/Wpeak) can be used for endurance performance prediction and individualization of aerobic training. The interindividual variability in Vpeak/Wpeak has been attributed to exercise economy, anaerobic capacity, and neuromuscular capability, alongside the major determinant of aerobic capacity. Interestingly, findings after concurrent strength and endurance training performed by endurance athletes have challenged the actual contribution of these variables. The critical power model usually derived from the performance of constant-work rate exercise can also explain tolerance to a ramp incremental exercise so that, Vpeak/Wpeak can be predicted accurately. However, there is not yet discussion of possible concomitant improvements in the parameters of the critical power model and Vpeak/Wpeak after concurrent training and whether they can be associated with and therefore depend on different neuromuscular adaptations. Therefore, this brief review presents some evidence that the critical power model could explain the improvement of Vpeak/Wpeak and should be used to monitor aerobic performance enhancement after different concurrent strength- and endurance-training designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedito S Denadai
- Human Performance Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Zinner C, Baessler B, Weiss K, Ruf J, Michels G, Holmberg HC, Sperlich B. Effect of resistance training with vibration and compression on the formation of muscle and bone. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:1137-1142. [PMID: 28346701 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we investigated the effects of resistance training with vibration in combination with leg compression to restrict blood flow on strength, muscle oxygenation, muscle mass, and bone formation. METHODS Twelve participants were tested before and after 12 weeks of resistance training with application of vibration (VIBRA; 1-2 mm, 30 Hz) to both legs and compression (∼35 mm Hg, VIBRA+COMP) to only 1 leg. RESULTS VIBRA+COMP and VIBRA improved 1 repetition maximum (1-RM), increased the number of repetitions preceding muscle exhaustion, enhanced cortical bone mass, and lowered the mass and fat fraction in the thigh, with no changes in total muscle mass. The mass of cancellous bone decreased to a similar extent after VIBRA and VIBRA+COMP. DISCUSSION Resistance training with VIBRA+COMP and VIBRA improved 1-RM, increased the number of repetitions preceding muscular exhaustion, and enhanced formation of cortical bone, with no alteration of muscle mass. Muscle Nerve 56: 1137-1142, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zinner
- Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Department of Sport Science, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Baessler
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kilian Weiss
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Philips Healthcare Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmine Ruf
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guido Michels
- Department III of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Department of Sport Science, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Bunevicius K, Sujeta A, Poderiene K, Zachariene B, Silinskas V, Minkevicius R, Poderys J. Cardiovascular response to bouts of exercise with blood flow restriction. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 28:3288-3292. [PMID: 28174436 PMCID: PMC5276745 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Occlusion training with low-intensity resistance exercises and blood flow restriction increases muscle cross-sectional area and strength. This form of training is used in rehabilitation; therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of one occlusion training session on the cardiovascular response to bouts of exercise. [Subjects and Methods] Two groups took part: a control group without blood flow restriction and an experimental group with blood flow restriction. A single training session was used with the exercise intensity set at 40% of the one repetition maximum. Maximum voluntary contraction, arterial blood pressure, and electrocardiogram measurements were performed. [Results] Heart rate was slightly higher in the control group. The performed training had no effect on diastolic blood pressure in either group, however, a tendency for a small systolic blood pressure increase was observed during the session in the experimental group. JT interval changes did not reveal significant differences between groups. There were no significant changes in ST-segment depression during the exercise or at rest. A lower tendency for JT/RR increases was observed during the repeated exercise tasks with partial blood flow restriction. [Conclusion] Low intensity exercises carried out with a partial blood flow restriction do not result in significant overload of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kestutis Bunevicius
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania
| | - Arturas Sujeta
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Poderiene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania
| | - Birute Zachariene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania
| | - Viktoras Silinskas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania
| | | | - Jonas Poderys
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania
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10
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Aguayo D, Mueller SM, Boutellier U, Auer M, Jung HH, Flück M, Toigo M. One bout of vibration exercise with vascular occlusion activates satellite cells. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:295-307. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Aguayo
- Exercise Physiology; Institute of Human Movement Sciences; ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sandro Manuel Mueller
- Exercise Physiology; Institute of Human Movement Sciences; ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Urs Boutellier
- Exercise Physiology; Institute of Human Movement Sciences; ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Maria Auer
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Hans H. Jung
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Department of Orthopaedics, Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, University of Zurich; Balgrist University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marco Toigo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, University of Zurich; Balgrist University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
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11
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Pham HM, Nguyen ND, Center JR, Eisman JA, Nguyen TV. Contribution of Quadriceps Weakness to Fragility Fracture: A Prospective Study. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:208-14. [PMID: 26174768 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The association between muscle weakness and fracture is not well understood. This study sought to examine the contribution of muscle strength at baseline and change in muscle strength to the observed risk of fragility fracture in older people. The study involved 595 men and 1066 women aged 60+ years (median 69 years) who had been followed for a median of 11 years (range, 4 to 22 years). Quadriceps isometric muscle strength (MS) measured at baseline and biennially was adjusted for height. Femoral neck bone mineral density (FNBMD) was measured by DXA. Low-trauma fracture was ascertained from X-ray reports and interview. The relationship between baseline MS and serial MS and fracture assessed by time-invariant and time-variant Cox's regression models was expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). During the follow-up period, 282 (26%) women and 89 (15%) men sustained a fragility fracture. From age 60 years, women lost 0.28 kg/m (1.6%) of MS per year, whereas men lost 0.39 kg/m (1.5%) of MS per year. In the time-variant model, using serial MS, each 1 SD (4.7 kg/m) lower MS was associated with a 27% increase in the risk of fracture in women (HR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.43); and 46% increase in men (HR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.75). After adjusting for FNBMD, age and prior fracture, history of fall and smoking, HR per SD of lower MS was 1.13 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.28) for women and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.64) for men. These data indicate that muscle weakness is an independent determinant of fracture risk in men, but not in women. This sex difference suggests that apart from mechanical load effect of muscle on bone, there are other muscle-bone interactions that need to be investigated in future studies. The accuracy of fracture risk prediction for men may be improved by incorporating muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh M Pham
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Thai Binh University of Pharmacy and Medicine, Thai Binh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen D Nguyen
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Leeton Medical Centre, Leeton, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John A Eisman
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tuan V Nguyen
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Mueller SM, Aguayo D, Zuercher M, Fleischmann O, Boutellier U, Auer M, Jung HH, Toigo M. High-intensity interval training with vibration as rest intervals attenuates fiber atrophy and prevents decreases in anaerobic performance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116764. [PMID: 25679998 PMCID: PMC4332652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIT) improves cardiovascular capacity but may reduce the finite work capacity above critical power (W′) and lead to atrophy of myosin heavy chain (MyHC)-2 fibers. Since whole-body vibration may enhance indices of anaerobic performance, we examined whether side-alternating whole-body vibration as a replacement for the active rest intervals during a 4x4 min HIT prevents decreases in anaerobic performance and capacity without compromising gains in aerobic function. Thirty-three young recreationally active men were randomly assigned to conduct either conventional 4x4 min HIT, HIT with 3 min of WBV at 18 Hz (HIT+VIB18) or 30 Hz (HIT+VIB30) in lieu of conventional rest intervals, or WBV at 30 Hz (VIB30). Pre and post training, critical power (CP), W′, cellular muscle characteristics, as well as cardiovascular and neuromuscular variables were determined. W′ (−14.3%, P = 0.013), maximal voluntary torque (−8.6%, P = 0.001), rate of force development (−10.5%, P = 0.018), maximal jumping power (−6.3%, P = 0.007) and cross-sectional areas of MyHC-2A fibers (−6.4%, P = 0.044) were reduced only after conventional HIT. CP, V̇O2peak, peak cardiac output, and overall capillary-to-fiber ratio were increased after HIT, HIT+VIB18, and HIT+VIB30 without differences between groups. HIT-specific reductions in anaerobic performance and capacity were prevented by replacing active rest intervals with side-alternating whole-body vibration, notably without compromising aerobic adaptations. Therefore, competitive cyclists (and potentially other endurance-oriented athletes) may benefit from replacing the active rest intervals during aerobic HIT with side-alternating whole-body vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Manuel Mueller
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Aguayo
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Zuercher
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Fleischmann
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Boutellier
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Auer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans H. Jung
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Toigo
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Mueller SM, Knechtle P, Knechtle B, Toigo M. An Ironman triathlon reduces neuromuscular performance due to impaired force transmission and reduced leg stiffness. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 115:795-802. [PMID: 25471270 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-3051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An Ironman triathlon is associated with changes in body composition as well as decreases in neuromuscular function. While the changes in body composition occurring during an Ironman are well investigated, comprehensive data on the changes in neuromuscular performance are scarce. In the present study, we investigated the mechanical alterations underlying reported reductions in maximal muscular force and power after an Ironman race in men. METHODS Before and directly after an Ironman, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and multiple one-legged hopping (m1LH) maneuvers were performed to assess fatigue-related alterations in mechanical variables in thirteen male non-professional triathletes. RESULTS During CMJ, peak power (P = 0.003), peak velocity (P < 0.001), jump height (P = 0.007), and rate of force development (P = 0.042) decreased during the Ironman. Total (P < 0.001) and positive (P = 0.003) impulses during a CMJ were reduced after the triathlon, while both negative impulses did not differ pre to post Ironman. Absolute peak force remained constant during CMJ (P = 0.200) and SJ (P = 0.764). Maximal voluntary ground reaction force (F m1LH, P < 0.001) and peak stiffness (P = 0.003) during m1LH were decreased after the Ironman. CONCLUSIONS The reduced CMJ height was a result of the lower positive impulse. Therefore, the neuromuscular deficit after the Ironman race was due to impairments in force transmission, resulting in a lower average positive force during CMJ, because of a slower rate of force development. The decreased F m1LH could be partly explained by reduced leg stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Manuel Mueller
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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