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Chen P, Liu Y, Liu W, Wang Y, Liu Z, Rong M. Impact of High-Altitude Hypoxia on Bone Defect Repair: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:842800. [PMID: 35620712 PMCID: PMC9127390 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.842800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaching areas at altitudes over 2,500–3,000 m above sea level has become increasingly common due to commerce, military deployment, tourism, and entertainment. The high-altitude environment exerts systemic effects on humans that represent a series of compensatory reactions and affects the activity of bone cells. Cellular structures closely related to oxygen-sensing produce corresponding functional changes, resulting in decreased tissue vascularization, declined repair ability of bone defects, and longer healing time. This review focuses on the impact of high-altitude hypoxia on bone defect repair and discusses the possible mechanisms related to ion channels, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial function, autophagy, and epigenetics. Based on the key pathogenic mechanisms, potential therapeutic strategies have also been suggested. This review contributes novel insights into the mechanisms of abnormal bone defect repair in hypoxic environments, along with therapeutic applications. We aim to provide a foundation for future targeted, personalized, and precise bone regeneration therapies according to the adaptation of patients to high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Li J, Atakan MM, Wang Z, Hu Y, Nazif M, Zarekookandeh N, Ye HZ, Kuang J, Ferri A, Petersen A, Garnham A, Bishop DJ, Girard O, Huang Y, Yan X. Methods to match high-intensity interval exercise intensity in hypoxia and normoxia - A pilot study. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:70-76. [PMID: 35024050 PMCID: PMC8728434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) sessions prescribed on the basis of a maximal value (peak power output, PPO) and a submaximal value (lactate threshold, LT) derived from graded exercise tests (GXTs) in normoxia and hypoxia. Methods: A total of ten males (aged 18–37) volunteered to participate in this study. The experimental protocol consisted of a familiarization procedure, two GXTs under normoxia (FiO2 = 0.209) and two GXTs under normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.140), and three HIIE sessions performed in a random order. The HIIE sessions included one at hypoxia (HY) and two at normoxia (one matched for the absolute intensity in hypoxia, designated as NA, and one matched for the relative intensity in hypoxia, designated as NR). Results: The data demonstrated that there was significant lower peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak), PPO, and LT derived from GXTs in hypoxia, with higher respiratory exchange ratio (RER), when compared to those from GXTs performed in normoxia (p < 0.001). Among the three HIIE sessions, the NA session resulted in lower percentage of HRpeak (85.0 ± 7.5% vs 94.4 ± 5.0%; p = 0.002) and V̇O2peak (74.1 ± 9.1% vs 88.7 ± 7.7%; p = 0.005), when compared to the NR session. HIIE sessions in HY and NR resulted in similar percentage of HRpeak and V̇O2peak, as well as similar rating of perceived exertion and RER. The blood lactate level increased immediately after all the three HIIE sessions (p < 0.001), while higher blood lactate concentrations were observed immediately after the HY (p = 0.0003) and NR (p = 0.014) sessions when compared with NA. Conclusion: Combining of PPO and LT derived from GXTs can be used to prescribe exercise intensity of HIIE in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jia Li
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia.,College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqin, China
| | - Muhammed M Atakan
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia.,Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Zhenhuan Wang
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - Yang Hu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mostafa Nazif
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - Navabeh Zarekookandeh
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - Henry Zhihong Ye
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia.,Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, 3021, Australia
| | - Alessandra Ferri
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - Aaron Petersen
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Yaru Huang
- Department of Physical Education and Art, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia.,Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, 3021, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3021, Australia
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