1
|
Kaur K, Sun Y, Kanayama K, Morinaga K, Hokugo A, Nishimura I, Jewett A. Augmentation of IFN-γ by bone marrow derived immune cells in the presence of severe suppression of IFN-γ in gingivae induced by zoledronic acid and denosumab in Hu-BLT mice model of ONJ. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1111627. [PMID: 36742414 PMCID: PMC9895394 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The potential mechanisms governing drug induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is not well understood, and is one of the objectives of this study. Thus, we tested the release of IFN-γ within different immune compartments including bone marrow and gingivae upon treatment with zoledronic acid (ZOL) and denosumab which are known to induce ONJ in susceptible individuals. Methods We used humanized-BLT mouse model for the in-vivo studies reported in this paper. To determine the effects of zoledronic acid and denosumab on IFN-γ secretion and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity; peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen and gingiva were obtained after the injection of ZOL and denosumab in mice. Results Percentages of B cells are much higher in wild-type mice whereas the proportions of immune subsets in humans and reconstituted hu-BLT peripheral-blood are similar. Therefore, hu-BLT mice are preferable model to study human disease, in particular, immune-pathologies induced by ZOL and denosumab. Both agents resulted in a severe suppression of IFN-γ in the gingiva, whereas they heightened the release of IFN-γ and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity by the BM-derived immune cells. ZOL increased the IFN-γ secretion by the spleen and peripheral blood immune cells, whereas denosumab decreased the release IFN-γ by these cells significantly. Discussion ZOL and denosumab may likely suppress IFN-γ secretion in gingiva through different mechanisms. In addition, to the suppression of IFN-γ secretion, denosumab mediated effect could in part be due to the decrease in the bone resorptive function of osteoclasts due to the induction of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and lysis of osteoclasts, whereas ZOL is able to mediate cell death of osteoclasts directly. Suppression of IFN-gamma in gingiva is largely responsible for the inhibition of immune cell function, leading to dysregulated osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities. Restoration of IFN-gamma in the local microenvironment may result in establishment of homeostatic balance in the gingiva and prevention of osteonecrosis of jaw.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljit Kaur
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yujie Sun
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keiichi Kanayama
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Periodontology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenzo Morinaga
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Plastic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui L, Jin Y, Zou S, Xun J, Yu X, Zhang Q, Yang Z. The antitumor activity of hPRDX5 against pancreatic cancer and the possible mechanisms. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12324. [PMID: 36102418 PMCID: PMC9467283 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human peroxiredoxin-5 (hPRDX5), isolated from anti-cancer bioactive peptide (ACBPs), shows a homology of 89% with goat peroxiredoxin-5 (gPRDX5) and is reported to display anti-tumor activity in vivo. Herein, we explored the effect of hPRDX5 and the responsible mechanism in treating pancreatic cancer. Tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into normal PBS group and treatment group (n=5; 10 mg/kg hPRDX5). Flow cytometry was employed to examine lymphocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cell subsets, and the function proteins of natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood, spleen, and tumor tissues of mice. Western blot was used to measure the protein expressions of the key nodes in TLR4-MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. The rate of tumor suppression was 57.6% at a 10 mg/kg dose in orthotopic transplanted tumor mice. Moreover, the population of CD3+CD4+T cells, NK cells, and CD3+CD8+T cells was significantly increased in the tumor tissue of the hPRDX5 group, while the proportion of granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells decreased slightly. In addition, after treatment with hPRDX5, the percentage of NK cells in blood increased more than 4-fold. Our findings indicated that hPRDX5 effectively suppressed pancreatic cancer possibly via the TLR4-MAPK-NF-κB signaling cascade; hence hPRDX5 could be a prospective immunotherapy candidate for treating pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Tiantanxili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Zou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Tiantanxili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoyong Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Tiantanxili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaur K, Kozlowska AK, Topchyan P, Ko MW, Ohanian N, Chiang J, Cook J, Maung PO, Park SH, Cacalano N, Fang C, Jewett A. Probiotic-Treated Super-Charged NK Cells Efficiently Clear Poorly Differentiated Pancreatic Tumors in Hu-BLT Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010063. [PMID: 31878338 PMCID: PMC7017229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Background and Aims: We have previously demonstrated that the stage of differentiation of tumors has profound effect on the function of NK cells, and that stem-like/poorly differentiated tumors were preferentially targeted by the NK cells. Therefore, in this study we determined the role of super-charged NK cells in immune mobilization, lysis, and differentiation of stem-like/undifferentiated tumors implanted in the pancreas of humanized-BLT (hu-BLT) mice fed with or without AJ2 probiotics. The phenotype, growth rate and metastatic potential of pancreatic tumors differentiated by the NK cells (NK-differentiated) or patient derived differentiated or stem-like/undifferentiated pancreatic tumors were investigated. Methods: Pancreatic tumor implantation was performed in NSG and hu-BLT mice. Stage of differentiation of tumors was determined using our published criteria for well-differentiated tumors exhibiting higher surface expression of MHC- class I, CD54, and PD-L1 (B7H1) and lower expression of CD44 receptors. The inverse was seen for poorly-differentiated tumors. Results: Stem-like/undifferentiated pancreatic tumors grew rapidly and formed large tumors and exhibited lower expression of above-mentioned differentiation antigens in the pancreas of NSG and hu-BLT mice. Unlike stem-like/undifferentiated tumors, NK-differentiated MP2 (MiaPaCa-2) tumors or patient-derived differentiated tumors were not able to grow or grew smaller tumors, and were unable to metastasize in NSG or hu-BLT mice, and they were susceptible to chemotherapeutic drugs. Stem-like/undifferentiated pancreatic tumors implanted in the pancreas of hu-BLT mice and injected with super-charged NK cells formed much smaller tumors, proliferated less, and exhibited differentiated phenotype. When differentiation of stem-like tumors by the NK cells was prevented by the addition of antibodies to IFN-γ and TNF-α, tumors grew rapidly and metastasized, and they remained resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. Greater numbers of immune cells infiltrated the tumors of NK-injected and AJ2-probiotic bacteria-fed mice. Moreover, increased IFN-γ secretion in the presence of decreased IL-6 was seen in tumors resected and cultured from NK-injected and AJ2 fed mice. Tumor-induced decreases in NK cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion were restored/increased within PBMCs, spleen, and bone marrow when mice received NK cells and were fed with AJ2. Conclusion: NK cells prevent growth of pancreatic tumors through lysis and differentiation, thereby curtailing the growth and metastatic potential of stem-like/undifferentiated-tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljit Kaur
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.K.); (A.K.K.); (P.T.); (M.-W.K.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (J.C.); (P.O.M.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Anna Karolina Kozlowska
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.K.); (A.K.K.); (P.T.); (M.-W.K.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (J.C.); (P.O.M.); (S.-H.P.)
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paytsar Topchyan
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.K.); (A.K.K.); (P.T.); (M.-W.K.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (J.C.); (P.O.M.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Meng-Wei Ko
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.K.); (A.K.K.); (P.T.); (M.-W.K.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (J.C.); (P.O.M.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Nick Ohanian
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.K.); (A.K.K.); (P.T.); (M.-W.K.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (J.C.); (P.O.M.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Jessica Chiang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.K.); (A.K.K.); (P.T.); (M.-W.K.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (J.C.); (P.O.M.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Jessica Cook
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.K.); (A.K.K.); (P.T.); (M.-W.K.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (J.C.); (P.O.M.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Phyu Ou Maung
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.K.); (A.K.K.); (P.T.); (M.-W.K.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (J.C.); (P.O.M.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.K.); (A.K.K.); (P.T.); (M.-W.K.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (J.C.); (P.O.M.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Nicholas Cacalano
- The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Changge Fang
- BioPro Diagnostics, LLC, 4919 Brook Hills Drive, Annandale, VA 22003, USA;
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.K.); (A.K.K.); (P.T.); (M.-W.K.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (J.C.); (P.O.M.); (S.-H.P.)
- The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-310-968-4994; Fax: +1-310-794-7109
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang J, Jiang Y, He R, Liu W, Yang M, Tao L, Fu X, Shen Y, Li J, Liu D, Huo Y, Zhang J, Hua R, Zhang Z, Sun Y. DKK2 Impairs Tumor Immunity Infiltration and Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8656282. [PMID: 31583260 PMCID: PMC6754880 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8656282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most devastating cancer types despite the improvement of modern medicine. In our present study, we found that dickkopf-related protein 2 (DKK2) shares a higher expression in PDAC compared with adjacent pancreas tissue in tissue microarray. In addition, an elevated expression of DKK2 predicts poorer prognosis of patients and positively correlated with poor tumor differentiation. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was also performed and confirmed that the expression of DKK2 is an independent prognostic factor in PDAC. A high expression of DKK2 correlates with cell migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition based on gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) while knockdown of DKK2 in PDAC cells resulted in impaired cellular migration. Furthermore, GSEA predicts negative correlation between tumor immunity invasion and DKK2 expression. We then confirmed these results and demonstrated that a higher expression of DKK2 imparts the recruitment of CD8+ T cells. Our work suggested that DKK2 imparts tumor immune evasion and is associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Survival Analysis
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhe He
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minwei Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingye Tao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueliang Fu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejun Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmiao Huo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongwei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rho SY, Hwang HK, Chong JU, Yoon DS, Lee WJ, Kang CM. Association of preoperative total lymphocyte count with prognosis in resected left-sided pancreatic cancer. ANZ J Surg 2019; 89:503-508. [PMID: 30836428 DOI: 10.1111/ans.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunologic factors such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio play an important role in predicting the oncologic outcome of patients in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It is hypothesized that host immunity represented by total lymphocyte count at diagnostic stage would influence oncologic outcome in left-sided PDAC. METHODS Between January 1992 and August 2017, total of 112 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for left-sided PDAC were included and analysed. RESULTS At the time of the diagnosis, total lymphocyte count at diagnosis of left-sided PDAC was 1.8 ± 0.7 103 /μL (mean value ± standard deviation). Among different cut-off values, 1.7 showed most powerful significant differences in long-term oncologic outcomes. The patients with preoperative lymphocyte count (≤1.7) was associated with early recurrence (median 8.4 months versus 18.1 months, P = 0.011) and shorter survival (median 18.6 months versus 35.9 months, P = 0.028). Patients with preoperative total lymphocyte count over 1.7 showed higher white blood cell count (P < 0.001), platelet count (P = 0.039), neutrophil count (P = 0.004) and monocyte count (P = 0.001). However, more interestingly, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.001) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.001) were found to be significantly higher in those with total lymphocyte count less than 1.7. Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio was inversely related to preoperative total lymphocyte count (P < 0.001). Only age was identified to be significantly different (P = 0.007). However, other clinicopathological parameters generally known to be related to tumour aggressiveness, were not different between two groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, preoperative total lymphocyte at diagnostic stage is simple, and good prognostic factor in left-sided pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Yoon Rho
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreaticobiliary Cancer Clinic, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreaticobiliary Cancer Clinic, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Uk Chong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreaticobiliary Cancer Clinic, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Sup Yoon
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreaticobiliary Cancer Clinic, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreaticobiliary Cancer Clinic, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Moo Kang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreaticobiliary Cancer Clinic, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaur K, Chang HH, Topchyan P, Cook JM, Barkhordarian A, Eibl G, Jewett A. Deficiencies in Natural Killer Cell Numbers, Expansion, and Function at the Pre-Neoplastic Stage of Pancreatic Cancer by KRAS Mutation in the Pancreas of Obese Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1229. [PMID: 29977235 PMCID: PMC6021953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined/synergistic effect of genetic mutation of KRAS in the pancreas and obesity, a life-style factor on suppression of natural killer (NK) cells at the pre-neoplastic stage of pancreatic cancer has not been investigated and is the subject of this report. Obese mice with KRAS (KC) mutation in the pancreas fed with high-fat calorie diet (HFCD) exhibit severe deficiencies in the NK cell expansion and function at the pre-neoplastic stage of pancreatic cancer. Decreased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity is observed in the peripheral blood, spleen, pancreas, and peri-pancreatic adipose tissue in obese KC mice, whereas in bone marrow an increased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity is observed when compared to lean WT mice fed with control diet (CD). Obese KC mice on HFCD demonstrated the least ability to expand NK cells or induce NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity when compared to the other groups of mice. Indeed, the following profile WT/CD > WT/HFCD > KC/CD > KC/HFCD was seen for the ability to expand NK cells or mediate cytotoxicity among four groups of mice in spleen, peripheral blood, pancreas, and peri-pancreatic adipose tissue. Sorted NK cells from the splenocytes of four groups of mice also exhibited the same profiles for the cytotoxicity as the unsorted splenocytes, and a decreased IFN-γ secretion could be seen in cultures of NK cells from KC mice fed with either CD or HFCD. Cultures of NK cells with autologous monocytes from obese KC mice fed with HFCD exhibited decreased cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion, whereas cultures of allogeneic NK cells from WT mice fed with CD with osteoclasts of obese mice fed with HFCD demonstrated decreased cytotoxicity but augmented IFN-γ secretion. Increased IL-6 along with decreased IFN-γ and cell-mediated cytotoxicity by the NK cells, within NK-adipose tissue of KC/HFCD mice, may provide safe microenvironment for the expansion of pancreatic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljit Kaur
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hui-Hua Chang
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paytsar Topchyan
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Morgan Cook
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andre Barkhordarian
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Tumor Immunology, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is among the three deadliest cancers worldwide with the lowest 5-year survival of all cancers. Despite all efforts, therapeutic improvements have barely been made over the last decade. Even recent highly promising targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches did not live up to their expectations. Therefore, other horizons have to be explored. Natural Killer (NK) cells are gaining more and more interest as a highly attractive target for cancer immunotherapies, both as pharmaceutical target and for cell therapies. In this systematic review we summarise the pathophysiological adaptions of NK cells in pancreatic cancer and highlight possible (future) therapeutic NK cell-related targets. Furthermore, an extensive overview of recent therapeutic approaches with an effect on NK cells is given, including cytokine-based, viro- and bacteriotherapy and cell therapy. We also discuss ongoing clinical trials that might influence NK cells. In conclusion, although several issues regarding NK cells in pancreatic cancer remain unsolved and need further investigation, extensive evidence is already provided that support NK cell oriented approaches in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaur K, Chang HH, Cook J, Eibl G, Jewett A. Suppression of Gingival NK Cells in Precancerous and Cancerous Stages of Pancreatic Cancer in KC and BLT-Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1606. [PMID: 29255459 PMCID: PMC5723011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our studies is to determine the dynamics of natural killer (NK) cell modulation in gingivae in precancerous and cancerous stages of pancreatic and oral cancers in P48+/Cre;LSL-KRASG12D (KC) mice carrying a pancreas-specific oncogenic Kras mutation and BLT-humanized mice. Wild type and KC mice fed with control diet (CD) or high-fat calorie diet (HFCD), and the pancreatic and oral tumor-bearing humanized BLT (hu-BLT) mice were used to determine precancerous and cancer induced changes in numbers and function of gingival NK cells. Increased numbers of PanIN lesions and the greatest score of inflammation in pancreas of KC mice fed with CD and HFCD co-related with significant decline in percentages of circulating and gingival NK cells, lack of DX5+ NK expansion and increased secretion of IFN-γ and IL-6 after culture. At the malignant stage of pancreatic cancer, hu-BLT tumor-bearing mice had the lowest secretion of IFN-γ from cells dissociated from the gingival tissues as compared to those from non-tumor-bearing mice. Injection of NK cells into tumor-bearing mice increased IFN-γ secretion, and the secretion was similar or higher than those obtained by gingival cells from non-tumor-bearing hu-BLT control mice. The highest increase in IFN-γ secretion was observed when tumor-bearing mice were fed with AJ2 probiotic bacteria and injected with the NK cells. Along with an increase in secretion of IFN-γ, injection of NK cells in the presence and absence of feeding with AJ2 in pancreatic tumor-bearing mice increased percentages of CD45+ and CD3+ T cells in oral gingival cells. Similar results were observed with oral tumors. In conclusion, these results indicated that oral cavity may mirror systemic disease and provide a rationale for why cancer patients may be prone to suffer from diverse oral pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljit Kaur
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hui-Hua Chang
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Cook
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Tumor Immunology, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hochnadel I, Kossatz-Boehlert U, Jedicke N, Lenzen H, Manns MP, Yevsa T. Cancer vaccines and immunotherapeutic approaches in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2931-2952. [PMID: 29112462 PMCID: PMC5718787 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1359362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers along with other gastrointestinal malignancies remain the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Strategies developed in the recent years on immunotherapy and cancer vaccines in the setting of primary liver cancer as well as in pancreatic cancer are the scope of this review. Significance of orthotopic and autochthonous animal models which mimic and/or closely reflect human malignancies allowing for a prompt and trustworthy analysis of new therapeutics is underlined. Combinational approaches that on one hand, specifically target a defined cancer-driving pathway, and on the other hand, restore the functions of immune cells, which effector functions are often suppressed by a tumor milieu, are shown to have the strongest perspectives and future directions. Among combinational immunotherapeutic approaches a personalized- and individual cancer case-based therapy is of special importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Hochnadel
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- b Institute for Neuroanatomy, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Nils Jedicke
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Henrike Lenzen
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wachsmann MB, Pop LM, Vitetta ES. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a review of immunologic aspects. J Investig Med 2014. [PMID: 22406516 DOI: 10.231/jim.0b013e31824a4d79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the continued failures of both early diagnosis and treatment options for pancreatic cancer, it is now time to comprehensively evaluate the role of the immune system on the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. It is important to develop strategies that harness the molecules and cells of the immune system to treat this disease. This review will focus primarily on the role of immune cells in the development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and to evaluate what is known about the interaction of immune cells with the tumor microenvironment and their role in tumor growth and metastasis. We will conclude with a brief discussion of therapy for pancreatic cancer and the potential role for immunotherapy. We hypothesize that the role of the immune system in tumor development and progression is tissue specific. Our hope is that better understanding of this process will lead to better treatments for this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Wachsmann
- Masters Program in Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang CJ, Wang C, Han J, Wang YK, Tang L, Shen DW, Zhao Y, Xu RH, Zhang H. Effect of combined treatment with recombinant interleukin-2 and allicin on pancreatic cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6579-85. [PMID: 24135803 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and allicin on pancreatic cancer and explore the potential immunological mechanism. A total of 60 C57/BL6 nude mice pancreatic cancer xenograft models were randomized into four groups of 15 mice per group: control group, allicin treatment group, rIL-2 treatment group, combined treatment with allicin and rIL-2 group. Mice in each group were treated with saline, rIL-2, allicin, or combination of rIL-2 and allicin by weekly i.v injection for four weeks. After four weeks of treatment, eyeballs of the mice were extracted and blood was drawn, percentages of CD4+T, CD8+T and NK cell were analyzed by FACS, IFN-γ level was detected by ELISA. One mouse in each group was sacrificed to measure the weight and volume of the tumor and prepared to the paraffin section of tumor tissue. Apoptosis of the tumor cells was analyzed by TUNEL and FACS. Other mice continued to receive treatment, survival period were compared between each group. We observed a significant suppression of xenograft growth and a significant prolonged survival time in the combined treatment with allicin and rIL-2 group (P < 0.05). The most amount of apoptotic cells were observed in the combined therapy group (P < 0.05). The percentages of CD4+T, CD8+T and NK cell and serum IFN-γ level increased significantly in the combined treatment group compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Combined treatment with allicin and rIL-2 resulted in suppression of tumor growth and prolonged survival time possibly through activation of CD4+T, CD8+T and NK cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Jun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng L, Xue J, Jaffee EM, Habtezion A. Role of immune cells and immune-based therapies in pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:1230-40. [PMID: 23622132 PMCID: PMC3641650 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are important in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis and determine disease severity. Results from cytokine-based clinical trials for acute pancreatitis have been disappointing, so strategies that target and alter the behavior of infiltrating immune cells require consideration. Recurrent acute pancreatitis can progress to chronic pancreatitis, which is a well-described risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). However, most patients with chronic pancreatitis do not develop PDA, and most patients with PDA do not have a history of pancreatitis. Interestingly, chronic pancreatitis and PDA tissues have similarities in their desmoplasia and inflammatory infiltrates, indicating overlapping inflammatory responses. Further studies are needed to determine the differences and similarities of these responses, improve our understanding of PDA pathogenesis, and develop specific immune-based therapies. Immune cells in PDA produce immunosuppressive signals that allow tumors to evade the immune response. Unlike single therapeutic agent studies that block immunosuppressive mechanisms, studies of combination therapies that include therapeutic vaccines have provided promising results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford, California and The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Xue
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford, California and The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford, California and The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford, California and The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dempe S, Lavie M, Struyf S, Bhat R, Verbeke H, Paschek S, Berghmans N, Geibig R, Rommelaere J, Van Damme J, Dinsart C. Antitumoral activity of parvovirus-mediated IL-2 and MCP-3/CCL7 delivery into human pancreatic cancer: implication of leucocyte recruitment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:2113-23. [PMID: 22576056 PMCID: PMC11028688 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in western countries. The patients are often diagnosed in advanced metastatic stages, and the prognosis remains extremely poor with an overall 5-year survival rate less than 5 %. Currently, novel therapeutic strategies are being pursued to combat PDAC, including oncolytic viruses, either in their natural forms or armed with immunostimulatory molecules. Natural killer cells are critical players against tumours and infected cells. Recently, we showed that IL-2-activated human NK cells displayed killing activity against PDAC cells, which could further be enhanced through the infection of PDAC cells with the rodent parvovirus H-1PV. In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of parvovirus-mediated delivery of three distinct cyto/chemokines (Il-2, MCP-3/CCL7 and IP-10/CXCL10) was evaluated in xenograft models of human PDAC. We show here that activated NK and monocytic cells were found to be recruited by PDAC tumours upon infection with parvoviruses armed with IL-2 or the chemokine MCP-3/CCL7, resulting in a strong anti-tumour response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dempe
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Tumor Virology Division, Abt F010, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Muriel Lavie
- Tumor Virology Division, Abt F010, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- INSERM U701, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Tumor Virology Division, Abt F010, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rauf Bhat
- Tumor Virology Division, Abt F010, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannelien Verbeke
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Paschek
- Tumor Virology Division, Abt F010, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- INSERM U701, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nele Berghmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Renate Geibig
- Tumor Virology Division, Abt F010, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- Tumor Virology Division, Abt F010, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- INSERM U701, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christiane Dinsart
- Tumor Virology Division, Abt F010, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- INSERM U701, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li X, Ma Q, Xu Q, Duan W, Lei J, Wu E. Targeting the cancer-stroma interaction: a potential approach for pancreatic cancer treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:2404-15. [PMID: 22372501 DOI: 10.2174/13816128112092404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the interaction between the cancer and the stroma, play a key role in the development of pancreatic cancer. The desmoplasia, which consists of fibroblasts, pancreatic stellate cells, lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells, immune cells, pathologic increased nerves, and the extracellular matrix (ECM), creates a complex tumor microenvironment that promotes pancreatic cancer development, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, the potential approach for targeting the components of this desmoplastic reaction or the pancreatic tumor microenvironment might represent a novel therapeutic approach to advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Novel therapies that target on the pancreatic tumor microenvironment should become one of the more effective treatments for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuqi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
With the continued failures of both early diagnosis and treatment options for pancreatic cancer, it is now time to comprehensively evaluate the role of the immune system on the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. It is important to develop strategies that harness the molecules and cells of the immune system to treat this disease. This review will focus primarily on the role of immune cells in the development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and to evaluate what is known about the interaction of immune cells with the tumor microenvironment and their role in tumor growth and metastasis. We will conclude with a brief discussion of therapy for pancreatic cancer and the potential role for immunotherapy. We hypothesize that the role of the immune system in tumor development and progression is tissue specific. Our hope is that better understanding of this process will lead to better treatments for this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan B. Wachsmann
- Masters Program in Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-8576, USA
| | - Laurentiu M. Pop
- The Cancer Immunobiology Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-8576, USA
| | - Ellen S. Vitetta
- The Cancer Immunobiology Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-8576, USA
- The Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-8576, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vlad AM, Budiu RA, Lenzner DE, Wang Y, Thaller JA, Colonello K, Crowley-Nowick PA, Kelley JL, Price FV, Edwards RP. A phase II trial of intraperitoneal interleukin-2 in patients with platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:293-301. [PMID: 19690855 PMCID: PMC11029832 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer patients with persistent (platinum-resistant) or progressive (platinum-refractory) disease respond poorly to second line chemotherapy and have low survival expectancy. New and improved therapeutic approaches are needed and immune biologics are one possibility. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a T-cell growth factor believed to be important in anti-tumor immunity. We performed a phase II clinical trial with intraperitoneal (IP) recombinant IL-2 administered in weekly infusions of 6 x 10(5) IU/m2. Thirty-one subjects were sequentially entered into the study and clinical responses were surgically confirmed in 24 patients. The primary end point of this study was clinical response with immunologic measurements as secondary end points. The IP regimen was generally well tolerated. Of the 24 patients assessed for response, there were 6 (4 complete, 2 partial) responses for an overall response rate of 25.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) of 11-45]. The median survival of the 31 patient cohort was 2.1 years (95% CI of 1.3-4.4), but for the 6 patients with responses the median survival has not been reached (range 24-120+ months). Eosinophil and lymphocyte numbers were continuously monitored during treatment. Peripheral blood eosinophils were markedly increased at the completion of treatment (p < 0.0001) and associated with increased circulating eotaxin (p = 0.03). We also found significant associations between changes in CD3 counts and survival (p = 0.05) and between IFNγ- secreting CD8 T cells at early time points and survival (p = 0.04). This study provides important evidence for IP IL-2 in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer and identifies several immune correlates of survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anda M. Vlad
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 300 Halket Str, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Magee Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Raluca A. Budiu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 300 Halket Str, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Magee Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Diana E. Lenzner
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 201 North Craig Str, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Yun Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 201 North Craig Str, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Julia A. Thaller
- Magee Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Kelly Colonello
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee Womens Hospital, 300 Halket Str, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Peggy A. Crowley-Nowick
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee Womens Hospital, 300 Halket Str, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Joseph L. Kelley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee Womens Hospital, 300 Halket Str, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Fredric V. Price
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee Womens Hospital, 300 Halket Str, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 300 Halket Str, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Magee Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Magee Womens Hospital, 300 Halket Str, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morse MA, Hall JR, Plate JMD. Countering tumor-induced immunosuppression during immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009; 9:331-9. [PMID: 19216622 DOI: 10.1517/14712590802715756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines for pancreatic cancer have been challenged by a number of factors, especially the immunosuppressive microenvironment within the tumor that allows for escape from immune surveillance. OBJECTIVE/METHODS We sought to identify results that define mechanisms of pancreatic-cancer-associated immunosuppression and strategies that might be useful to overcome them thereby resulting in effective immune responses to cancer vaccines capable of deleting pancreatic cancer cells. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory T cells (Treg) reside in tumors, and their products along with tumor derived products (such as VEGF, TGFbeta and IL-10), create a microenvironment that counters immune activation and attack. Immunotherapy with cancer vaccines must include strategies to modulate these immunosuppressive cell types and tumor byproducts. Clinical trials are beginning to test these strategies.
Collapse
|