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Zulfiqar M, Chatterjee D, Yoneda N, Hoegger MJ, Ronot M, Hecht EM, Bastati N, Ba-Ssalamah A, Bashir MR, Fowler K. Imaging Features of Premalignant Biliary Lesions and Predisposing Conditions with Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics 2022; 42:1320-1337. [PMID: 35930475 DOI: 10.1148/rg.210194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biliary malignancies include those arising from the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts as well as the gallbladder and hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater. The majority of intrahepatic and extrahepatic malignancies are cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs). They arise owing to a complex interplay between the patient-specific genetic background and multiple risk factors and may occur in the liver (intrahepatic CCA), hilum (perihilar CCA), or extrahepatic bile ducts (distal CCA). Biliary-type adenocarcinoma constitutes the most common histologic type of ampullary and gallbladder malignancies. Its prognosis is poor and surgical resection is considered curative, so early detection is key, with multimodality imaging playing a central role in making the diagnosis. There are several risk factors for biliary malignancy as well as predisposing conditions that increase the risk; this review highlights the pertinent imaging features of these entities with histopathologic correlation. The predisposing factors are broken down into three major categories: (a) congenital malformations such as choledochal cyst and pancreaticobiliary maljunction; (b) infectious or inflammatory conditions such as parasitic infections, hepatolithiasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and porcelain gallbladder; and (c) preinvasive epithelial neoplasms such as biliary intraepithelial neoplasm, intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct, intra-ampullary papillary tubular neoplasm, and intracholecystic papillary neoplasm of the gallbladder. Recognizing the baseline features of these premalignant biliary entities and changes in their appearance over time that indicate the advent of malignancy in high-risk patients can lead to early diagnosis and potentially curative management. An invited commentary by Volpacchio is available online. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zulfiqar
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.Z., M.J.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (D.C.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (N.Y.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy & Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Vienna, Austria (N.B., A.B.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, Calif (K.F.)
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.Z., M.J.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (D.C.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (N.Y.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy & Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Vienna, Austria (N.B., A.B.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, Calif (K.F.)
| | - Norihide Yoneda
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.Z., M.J.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (D.C.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (N.Y.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy & Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Vienna, Austria (N.B., A.B.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, Calif (K.F.)
| | - Mark J Hoegger
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.Z., M.J.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (D.C.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (N.Y.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy & Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Vienna, Austria (N.B., A.B.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, Calif (K.F.)
| | - Maxime Ronot
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.Z., M.J.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (D.C.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (N.Y.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy & Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Vienna, Austria (N.B., A.B.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, Calif (K.F.)
| | - Elizabeth M Hecht
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.Z., M.J.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (D.C.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (N.Y.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy & Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Vienna, Austria (N.B., A.B.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, Calif (K.F.)
| | - Nina Bastati
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.Z., M.J.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (D.C.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (N.Y.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy & Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Vienna, Austria (N.B., A.B.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, Calif (K.F.)
| | - Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.Z., M.J.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (D.C.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (N.Y.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy & Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Vienna, Austria (N.B., A.B.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, Calif (K.F.)
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.Z., M.J.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (D.C.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (N.Y.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy & Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Vienna, Austria (N.B., A.B.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, Calif (K.F.)
| | - Kathryn Fowler
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.Z., M.J.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (D.C.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (N.Y.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy & Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (E.M.H.); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Vienna, Austria (N.B., A.B.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, Calif (K.F.)
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Desjonqueres E, Campani C, Marra F, Zucman-Rossi J, Nault JC. Preneoplastic lesions in the liver: Molecular insights and relevance for clinical practice. Liver Int 2022; 42:492-506. [PMID: 34982503 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are the most frequent primary liver cancers, accounting for approximately 80% and 15%, respectively. HCC carcinogenesis occurs mostly in cirrhosis and is a complex multi-step process, from precancerous lesions (low-grade and high-grade dysplastic nodules) to progressed HCC. During the different stages of liver carcinogenesis, there is an accumulation of pathological, genetic and epigenetic changes leading to initiation, malignant transformation and finally tumour progression. In contrast, a small subset of HCC occurs in normal liver from the transformation of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), a benign hepatocellular tumour. The recent molecular classification enables to stratify HCAs according to their risk of complication, in particular malignant transformation, associated with mutations in exon 3 of the catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) gene. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) derives from the multistep malignant transformation of preneoplastic lesions, like biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB), for which a pre-operative diagnosis remains difficult. Different genetic alterations are involved in BilIN and IPNB progression, leading to the development of tubular or intestinal adenocarcinoma. The aims of this review are to describe the main clinical and molecular features of preneoplastic lesions leading to the development of HCC and CCA, their implications in clinical practice and the perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Desjonqueres
- Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, team « Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors », Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Campani
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, team « Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors », Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, team « Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors », Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France.,Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, team « Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors », Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
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Schultze FC, Andag R, Alwahsh SM, Toncheva D, Maslyankov S, Yaramov N, von Ahsen N, Brandhorst G, Walson PD, Oellerich M, Petrova DT. FoxP3 demethylation is increased in human colorectal cancer and rat cholangiocarcinoma tissue. Clin Biochem 2013; 47:201-5. [PMID: 24291052 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES FoxP3 expression is a marker for Tregs which are known to be involved in tumor immunity. We aimed to evaluate FoxP3 promoter demethylation in human colorectal cancer (CRC) and rat intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). DESIGN AND METHODS Bisulfite-treated genomic DNA templates of shock frozen paired samples were studied from 13 anonymous CRC patients and from 10 male rats (n=6 ICC induced by thioacetamide and n=4 age-matched controls). Real-time PCR was carried out using a LightCycler 480 system. Human FoxP3 and CD3 promoter demethylations were estimated using previously described assays; and rat FoxP3 promoter demethylation using a newly developed assay. RESULTS A significant 3.5-fold increase of the demethylation in FoxP3 promoter region was found in human CRC and rat ICC (P<0.05). The average frequency of cells with FoxP3 demethylation in patients suffering from CRC was 0.26% in normal tissue and 0.92% in tumor tissue (n=11 paired samples). Although, no significant difference was found between the mean frequency of CD3 demethylation in normal tissue (4.80%, n=6) and in tumor tissue (4.14%, n=6) from CRC patients, the ratio of demethylated CD3/FoxP3 promoter areas was significantly lower in tumor specimens (P<0.05). Using our novel assay, we found a significant increase in mean frequencies of cells with FoxP3 demethylation in rats with ICC (7.42%, n=6) in comparison to controls (2.14%, n=4). CONCLUSION FoxP3 seems to be an interesting biomarker for immune response to epithelial tumors. Functional consequences from the increase of Tregs remain to be demonstrated. Further studies with outcome data are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Christian Schultze
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Andag
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Salamah Mohammad Alwahsh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svilen Maslyankov
- Division of Oncologic Surgery, Aleksandrovska Hospital, Second Surgery Clinic, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Yaramov
- Division of Oncologic Surgery, Aleksandrovska Hospital, Second Surgery Clinic, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nicolas von Ahsen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Brandhorst
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Philip D Walson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Oellerich
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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