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Guo Z, Kundu S. Recent research progress in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein biosynthesis, chemical/chemoenzymatic synthesis, and interaction with the cell membrane. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 78:102421. [PMID: 38181647 PMCID: PMC10922524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) attachment to the C-terminus of proteins is a prevalent posttranslational modification in eukaryotic species, and GPIs help anchor proteins to the cell surface. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) play a key role in various biological events. However, GPI-APs are difficult to access and investigate. To tackle the problem, chemical and chemoenzymatic methods have been explored for the preparation of GPI-APs, as well as GPI probes that facilitate the study of GPIs on live cells. Substantial progress has also been made regarding GPI-AP biosynthesis, which is helpful for developing new synthetic methods for GPI-APs. This article reviews the recent advancements in the study of GPI-AP biosynthesis, GPI-AP synthesis, and GPI interaction with the cell membrane utilizing synthetic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Sayan Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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2
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Müller GA, Müller TD. (Patho)Physiology of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins I: Localization at Plasma Membranes and Extracellular Compartments. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050855. [PMID: 37238725 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (APs) are anchored at the outer leaflet of plasma membranes (PMs) of all eukaryotic organisms studied so far by covalent linkage to a highly conserved glycolipid rather than a transmembrane domain. Since their first description, experimental data have been accumulating for the capability of GPI-APs to be released from PMs into the surrounding milieu. It became evident that this release results in distinct arrangements of GPI-APs which are compatible with the aqueous milieu upon loss of their GPI anchor by (proteolytic or lipolytic) cleavage or in the course of shielding of the full-length GPI anchor by incorporation into extracellular vesicles, lipoprotein-like particles and (lyso)phospholipid- and cholesterol-harboring micelle-like complexes or by association with GPI-binding proteins or/and other full-length GPI-APs. In mammalian organisms, the (patho)physiological roles of the released GPI-APs in the extracellular environment, such as blood and tissue cells, depend on the molecular mechanisms of their release as well as the cell types and tissues involved, and are controlled by their removal from circulation. This is accomplished by endocytic uptake by liver cells and/or degradation by GPI-specific phospholipase D in order to bypass potential unwanted effects of the released GPI-APs or their transfer from the releasing donor to acceptor cells (which will be reviewed in a forthcoming manuscript).
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter A Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
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3
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Brzyska A, Korycki P, Woliński K. The carbohydrate glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor chain under mechanical stress. Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Boes DM, Godoy-Hernandez A, McMillan DGG. Peripheral Membrane Proteins: Promising Therapeutic Targets across Domains of Life. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11050346. [PMID: 34066904 PMCID: PMC8151925 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins can be classified into two main categories—integral and peripheral membrane proteins—depending on the nature of their membrane interaction. Peripheral membrane proteins are highly unique amphipathic proteins that interact with the membrane indirectly, using electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions, or directly, using hydrophobic tails or GPI-anchors. The nature of this interaction not only influences the location of the protein in the cell, but also the function. In addition to their unique relationship with the cell membrane, peripheral membrane proteins often play a key role in the development of human diseases such as African sleeping sickness, cancer, and atherosclerosis. This review will discuss the membrane interaction and role of periplasmic nitrate reductase, CymA, cytochrome c, alkaline phosphatase, ecto-5’-nucleotidase, acetylcholinesterase, alternative oxidase, type-II NADH dehydrogenase, and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in certain diseases. The study of these proteins will give new insights into their function and structure, and may ultimately lead to ground-breaking advances in the treatment of severe diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M. Boes
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, NL-2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands; (D.M.B.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Albert Godoy-Hernandez
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, NL-2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands; (D.M.B.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Duncan G. G. McMillan
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, NL-2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands; (D.M.B.); (A.G.-H.)
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, Private Bag 11 222, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
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Protein-Lipid Interaction of Cytolytic Toxin Cyt2Aa2 on Model Lipid Bilayers of Erythrocyte Cell Membrane. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040226. [PMID: 32260286 PMCID: PMC7232533 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolytic toxin (Cyt) is a toxin among Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins. Cyt toxin directly interacts with membrane lipids for cytolytic action. However, low hemolytic activity is desired to avoid non-specific effects in mammals. In this work, the interaction between Cyt2Aa2 toxin and model lipid bilayers mimicking the erythrocyte membrane was investigated for Cyt2Aa2 wild type (WT) and the T144A mutant, a variant with lower hemolytic activity. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) results revealed a smaller lipid binding capacity for the T144A mutant than for the WT. In particular, the T144A mutant was unable to bind to the phosphatidylcholine lipid (POPC) bilayer. However, the addition of cholesterol (Chol) or sphingomyelin (SM) to the POPC bilayer promoted binding of the T144 mutant. Moreover, atomic force microscopy (AFM) images unveiled small aggregates of the T144A mutant on the 1:1 sphingomyelin/POPC bilayers. In contrast, the lipid binding trend for WT and T144A mutant was comparable for the 1:0.4 POPC/cholesterol and the 1:1:1 sphingomyelin/POPC/cholesterol bilayers. Furthermore, the binding of WT and T144A mutant onto erythrocyte cells was investigated. The experiments showed that the T144A mutant and the WT bind onto different areas of the erythrocyte membrane. Overall the results suggest that the T144 residue plays an important role for lipid binding.
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Chimisso V, Maffeis V, Hürlimann D, Palivan CG, Meier W. Self-Assembled Polymeric Membranes and Nanoassemblies on Surfaces: Preparation, Characterization, and Current Applications. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900257. [PMID: 31549783 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomembranes play a crucial role in a multitude of biological processes, where high selectivity and efficiency are key points in the reaction course. The outstanding performance of biological membranes is based on the coupling between the membrane and biomolecules, such as membrane proteins. Polymer-based membranes and assemblies represent a great alternative to lipid ones, as their presence not only dramatically increases the mechanical stability of such systems, but also opens the scope to a broad range of chemical functionalities, which can be fine-tuned to selectively combine with a specific biomolecule. Tethering the membranes or nanoassemblies on a solid support opens the way to a class of functional surfaces finding application as sensors, biocomputing systems, molecular recognition, and filtration membranes. Herein, the design, physical assembly, and biomolecule attachment/insertion on/within solid-supported polymeric membranes and nanoassemblies are presented in detail with relevant examples. Furthermore, the models and applications for these materials are highlighted with the recent advances in each field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Chimisso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viviana Maffeis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Hürlimann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Cheng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Biophysics Graduate Program, Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jeremy C. Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6309, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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8
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The phase and charge of milk polar lipid membrane bilayers govern their selective interactions with proteins as demonstrated with casein micelles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 534:279-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Nasrallah H, Vial A, Pocholle N, Soulier J, Costa L, Godefroy C, Bourillot E, Lesniewska E, Milhiet PE. Imaging Artificial Membranes Using High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1886:45-59. [PMID: 30374861 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8894-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Supported lipid bilayers represent a very attractive way to mimic biological membranes, especially to investigate molecular mechanisms associated with the lateral segregation of membrane components. Observation of these model membranes with high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) allows the capture of both topography and dynamics of membrane components, with a spatial resolution in the nanometer range and image capture time of less than 1 s. In this context, we have developed new protocols adapted for HS-AFM to form supported lipid bilayers on small mica disks using the vesicle fusion or Langmuir-Blodgett methods. In this chapter we describe in detail the protocols to fabricate supported artificial bilayers as well as the main guidelines for HS-AFM imaging of such samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Nasrallah
- INSERM, U1054, Montpellier, France
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony Vial
- INSERM, U1054, Montpellier, France
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Pocholle
- ICB UMR CNRS 6303, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Dijon, France
| | - Jérémy Soulier
- INSERM, U1054, Montpellier, France
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Montpellier, France
| | - Luca Costa
- INSERM, U1054, Montpellier, France
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Godefroy
- INSERM, U1054, Montpellier, France
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Bourillot
- ICB UMR CNRS 6303, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Lesniewska
- ICB UMR CNRS 6303, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Milhiet
- INSERM, U1054, Montpellier, France.
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5048, Montpellier, France.
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10
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Karner A, Nimmervoll B, Plochberger B, Klotzsch E, Horner A, Knyazev DG, Kuttner R, Winkler K, Winter L, Siligan C, Ollinger N, Pohl P, Preiner J. Tuning membrane protein mobility by confinement into nanodomains. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:260-266. [PMID: 27842062 PMCID: PMC5734611 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) can be used to visualize function-related conformational changes of single soluble proteins. Similar studies of single membrane proteins are, however, hampered by a lack of suitable flat, non-interacting membrane supports and by high protein mobility. Here we show that streptavidin crystals grown on mica-supported lipid bilayers can be used as porous supports for membranes containing biotinylated lipids. Using SecYEG (protein translocation channel) and GlpF (aquaglyceroporin), we demonstrate that the platform can be used to tune the lateral mobility of transmembrane proteins to any value within the dynamic range accessible to HS-AFM imaging through glutaraldehyde-cross-linking of the streptavidin. This allows HS-AFM to study the conformation or docking of spatially confined proteins, which we illustrate by imaging GlpF at sub-molecular resolution and by observing the motor protein SecA binding to SecYEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Karner
- Center for Advanced Bioanalysis GmbH, Gruberstr. 40-42, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Birgit Plochberger
- Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences, Campus Linz, Garnisonstrasse 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Enrico Klotzsch
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andreas Horner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Denis G. Knyazev
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Roland Kuttner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Klemens Winkler
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Lukas Winter
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Christine Siligan
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Nicole Ollinger
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Peter Pohl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Preiner
- Center for Advanced Bioanalysis GmbH, Gruberstr. 40-42, 4020 Linz, Austria
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11
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Garcia AF, Simão AMS, Bolean M, Hoylaerts MF, Millán JL, Ciancaglini P, Costa-Filho AJ. Effects of GPI-anchored TNAP on the dynamic structure of model membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:26295-301. [PMID: 26389140 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02377g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) plays a crucial role during skeletal mineralization, and TNAP deficiency leads to the soft bone disease hypophosphatasia. TNAP is anchored to the external surface of the plasma membranes by means of a GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) anchor. Membrane-anchored and solubilized TNAP displays different kinetic properties against physiological substrates, indicating that membrane anchoring influences the enzyme function. Here, we used Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements along with spin labeled phospholipids to probe the possible dynamic changes prompted by the interaction of GPI-anchored TNAP with model membranes. The goal was to systematically analyze the ESR data in terms of line shape changes and of alterations in parameters such as rotational diffusion rates and order parameters obtained from non-linear least-squares simulations of the ESR spectra of probes incorporated into DPPC liposomes and proteoliposomes. Overall, the presence of TNAP increased the dynamics and decreased the ordering in the three distinct regions probed by the spin labeled lipids DOPTC (headgroup), and 5- and 16-PCSL (acyl chains). The largest change was observed for 16-PCSL, thus suggesting that GPI-anchored TNAP can give rise to long reaching modifications that could influence membrane processes halfway through the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Garcia
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Sebastián-Serrano Á, de Diego-García L, Martínez-Frailes C, Ávila J, Zimmermann H, Millán JL, Miras-Portugal MT, Díaz-Hernández M. Tissue-nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Regulates Purinergic Transmission in the Central Nervous System During Development and Disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 13:95-100. [PMID: 25709758 PMCID: PMC4334957 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is one of the four isozymes in humans and mice that have the capacity to hydrolyze phosphate groups from a wide spectrum of physiological substrates. Among these, TNAP degrades substrates implicated in neurotransmission. Transgenic mice lacking TNAP activity display the characteristic skeletal and dental phenotype of infantile hypophosphatasia, as well as spontaneous epileptic seizures and die around 10 days after birth. This physiopathology, linked to the expression pattern of TNAP in the central nervous system (CNS) during embryonic stages, suggests an important role for TNAP in neuronal development and synaptic function, situating it as a good target to be explored for the treatment of neurological diseases. In this review, we will focus mainly on the role that TNAP plays as an ectonucleotidase in CNS regulating the levels of extracellular ATP and consequently purinergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Sebastián-Serrano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura de Diego-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Frailes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Herbert Zimmermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - María Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Díaz-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Navarrete LC, Barrera NP, Huidobro-Toro JP. Vas deferens neuro-effector junction: from kymographic tracings to structural biology principles. Auton Neurosci 2014; 185:8-28. [PMID: 24956963 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The vas deferens is a simple bioassay widely used to study the physiology of sympathetic neurotransmission and the pharmacodynamics of adrenergic drugs. The role of ATP as a sympathetic co-transmitter has gained increasing attention and furthered our understanding of its role in sympathetic reflexes. In addition, new information has emerged on the mechanisms underlying the storage and release of ATP. Both noradrenaline and ATP concur to elicit the tissue smooth muscle contractions following sympathetic reflexes or electrical field stimulation of the sympathetic nerve terminals. ATP and adenosine (its metabolic byproduct) are powerful presynaptic regulators of co-transmitter actions. In addition, neuropeptide Y, the third member of the sympathetic triad, is an endogenous modulator. The peptide plus ATP and/or adenosine play a significant role as sympathetic modulators of transmitter's release. This review focuses on the physiological principles that govern sympathetic co-transmitter activity, with special interest in defining the motor role of ATP. In addition, we intended to review the recent structural biology findings related to the topology of the P2X1R based on the crystallized P2X4 receptor from Danio rerio, or the crystallized adenosine A2A receptor as a member of the G protein coupled family of receptors as prototype neuro modulators. This review also covers structural elements of ectonucleotidases, since some members are found in the vas deferens neuro-effector junction. The allosteric principles that apply to purinoceptors are also reviewed highlighting concepts derived from receptor theory at the light of the current available structural elements. Finally, we discuss clinical applications of these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Camilo Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Estructura de Proteínas de Membrana y Señalización, Núcleo Milenio de Biología Estructural, NuBEs, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Nelson P Barrera
- Laboratorio de Estructura de Proteínas de Membrana y Señalización, Núcleo Milenio de Biología Estructural, NuBEs, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - J Pablo Huidobro-Toro
- Laboratorio de Nucleótidos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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14
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Luna DMN, Oliveira MDL, Nogueira ML, Andrade CAS. Biosensor based on lectin and lipid membranes for detection of serum glycoproteins in infected patients with dengue. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 180:7-14. [PMID: 24631065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a biosystem based on Concanavalin A (ConA) and lipid membranes to recognize glycoproteins from the serum of patients contaminated with dengue serotypes 1, 2 and 3 (DENV1, DENV2 and DENV3). The modified gold electrode was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and atomic force microscopy. Morphological analyses of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), DPPC-ConA, DPPC-ConA-DENV1, DPPC-ConA-DENV2 and DPPC-ConA-DENV3 revealed the existence of a non-uniform covering and large globules. EIS and CV measurements have shown that redox probe reactions on the modified gold electrodes were partially blocked due to the adsorption of lipid-ConA system and reveal the interaction response of the immobilized ConA to the presence of glycoproteins of dengue serum. The biosystem exhibited a wide linear response to different concentrations of sera of dengue serotypes 1, 2 and 3. A higher impedimetric response to glycoproteins present in dengue serotype 3 was observed. Our results demonstrate the applicability of lectin and lipid membranes to the development of biosensors for dengue infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora M N Luna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria D L Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maurício L Nogueira
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, FAMERP, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar A S Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Levy D, Milhiet PE. Imaging of transmembrane proteins directly incorporated within supported lipid bilayers using atomic force microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 950:343-357. [PMID: 23086884 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-137-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Structural analysis of transmembrane proteins remains a challenge in biology, mainly due to their difficulty in being overexpressed and the required use of detergents that impair different steps of biochemistry classically used to obtain 3D crystals. In this context, we have developed a new technique for protein incorporation within supported lipid bilayers that only requires a few picomoles of protein per assay. Proteins are directly inserted into a detergent-destabilized bilayer that can be imaged in buffer with atomic force microscopy (AFM) allowing structural analysis down to sub-nanometer lateral resolution. In this chapter, we describe the main guidelines for this technique, from the choice of detergent to the requirements for AFM high-resolution imaging.
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Zimmermann H, Zebisch M, Sträter N. Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases. Purinergic Signal 2012; 8:437-502. [PMID: 22555564 PMCID: PMC3360096 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotidases play a pivotal role in purinergic signal transmission. They hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and thus can control their availability at purinergic P2 receptors. They generate extracellular nucleosides for cellular reuptake and salvage via nucleoside transporters of the plasma membrane. The extracellular adenosine formed acts as an agonist of purinergic P1 receptors. They also can produce and hydrolyze extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate that is of major relevance in the control of bone mineralization. This review discusses and compares four major groups of ecto-nucleotidases: the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases, and alkaline phosphatases. Only recently and based on crystal structures, detailed information regarding the spatial structures and catalytic mechanisms has become available for members of these four ecto-nucleotidase families. This permits detailed predictions of their catalytic mechanisms and a comparison between the individual enzyme groups. The review focuses on the principal biochemical, cell biological, catalytic, and structural properties of the enzymes and provides brief reference to tissue distribution, and physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Zimmermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Biologicum, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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17
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Regulation of carcinoembryonic antigen release from colorectal cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3695-704. [PMID: 21725636 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) released from tumor cells has an instrumental role in colorectal cancer-liver metastasis. However, the precise mechanism of the regulation of the CEA release from cancer cells is not known. We investigated if the rate of CEA and another GPI-anchored protein, alkaline phosphatase (AP) release is correlated with cellular glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) expression. We also evaluated the effects of phosphatidic acid (PA), a compound known to inhibit GPI-PLD activity, on the CEA and AP release from colon cancer cells. The expression of CEA, GPI-PLD, and AP in five colon carcinoma cells (LS180, Caco2, SW742, SW1116, and HT29/219) was verified by immunoblot and real-time RT-PCR analysis. The amounts of CEA and AP released into cell culture media were determined using ELISA and a colorimetric assay, respectively. We examined the effects of PA (20-100 μM) on CEA and AP release from LS180 cells. All five cancer cell lines analyzed expressed GPI-PLD protein. While there was a positive relationship between AP release and the levels of GPI-PLD transcript expression, we found no direct correlation between CEA released from cancer cells and the GPI-PLD mRNA expression level. However, the rate of CEA release was positively associated with the level of CEA transcript expression. In comparison to controls, the release of GPI-anchored CEA and AP, but not CA19-9 was inhibited significantly by both crude and pure phosphatidic acid (by 56 and 54.5%, respectively). Using PA for inhibiting CEA release from cancer cells may have therapeutic application in preventing CRC-liver metastasis.
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18
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Unraveling lipid/protein interaction in model lipid bilayers by Atomic Force Microscopy. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:387-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Allison DP, Mortensen NP, Sullivan CJ, Doktycz MJ. Atomic force microscopy of biological samples. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 2:618-34. [PMID: 20672388 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to evaluate structural-functional relationships in real time has allowed scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to assume a prominent role in post genomic biological research. In this mini-review, we highlight the development of imaging and ancillary techniques that have allowed SPM to permeate many key areas of contemporary research. We begin by examining the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) by Binnig and Rohrer in 1982 and discuss how it served to team biologists with physicists to integrate high-resolution microscopy into biological science. We point to the problems of imaging nonconductive biological samples with the STM and relate how this led to the evolution of the atomic force microscope (AFM) developed by Binnig, Quate, and Gerber, in 1986. Commercialization in the late 1980s established SPM as a powerful research tool in the biological research community. Contact mode AFM imaging was soon complemented by the development of non-contact imaging modes. These non-contact modes eventually became the primary focus for further new applications including the development of fast scanning methods. The extreme sensitivity of the AFM cantilever was recognized and has been developed into applications for measuring forces required for indenting biological surfaces and breaking bonds between biomolecules. Further functional augmentation to the cantilever tip allowed development of new and emerging techniques including scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM), scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM), Kelvin force microscopy (KFM) and scanning near field ultrasonic holography (SNFUH).
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Allison
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN 37831-6445, USA
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20
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Davis LA, Dienelt A, zur Nieden NI. Absorption-based assays for the analysis of osteogenic and chondrogenic yield. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 690:255-272. [PMID: 21042998 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-962-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The typical characteristics of cartilage and bone tissue are their unique extracellular matrices on which our body relies for structural support. In the respective tissue, the cells that create these matrices are the chondrocyte and the osteoblast. During in vitro differentiation from an embryonic or any other stem cell, specific cell types must be unequivocally identifiable to be able to draw the conclusion that a specific cell type has indeed been generated. Here, gene expression profiling can be helpful, but examining functional properties of cells is a lot more conclusive. As proteoglycans are found in and are part of the function of cartilage tissue, their detection and quantification becomes an important diagnostic tool in tissue engineering. Likewise, in bone regeneration therapy and in research, alkaline phosphatase is a known marker to detect the degree of development and function of differentiating osteoblasts. Calcification of the maturing osteoblast is the last stage in its development, and thus, the quantification of deposited calcium can aid in determining how many cells in a given culture have successfully matured into fully functioning osteoblasts. This chapter describes methods ideal for testing of proteoglycan content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposit during in vitro chondro- and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Davis
- Department of Surgery, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Steinem C, Janshoff A. Multicomponent membranes on solid substrates: Interfaces for protein binding. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Lin WC, Yu CH, Triffo S, Groves JT. Supported Membrane Formation, Characterization, Functionalization, and Patterning for Application in Biological Science and Technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 2:235-69. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470559277.ch100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of California; Berkeley California
| | - Cheng-Han Yu
- Research Center of Excellence in Mechanobiology; National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Sara Triffo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of California; Berkeley California
| | - Jay T. Groves
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of California; Berkeley California
- Research Center of Excellence in Mechanobiology; National University of Singapore Singapore
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California
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Kotova S, Vijayasarathy C, Dimitriadis EK, Ikonomou L, Jaffe H, Sieving PA. Retinoschisin (RS1) interacts with negatively charged lipid bilayers in the presence of Ca2+: an atomic force microscopy study. Biochemistry 2010; 49:7023-32. [PMID: 20677810 DOI: 10.1021/bi1007029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Retinoschisin (RS1) is a retina-specific secreted protein encoding a conserved discoidin domain sequence. As an adhesion molecule, RS1 preserves the retinal cell architecture and promotes visual signal transduction. In young males, loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked retinoschisis gene (RS1) cause X-linked retinoschisis, a form of progressive blindness. Neither the structure of RS1 nor the nature of its anchoring and organization on the plasma membranes is fully understood. The discoidin C2 domains of coagulation factors V and VIII are known to interact with extracellular phosphatidylserine (PS). In this study we have used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the interactions of murine retinoschisin (Rs1) with supported anionic lipid bilayers in the presence of Ca(2+). The bilayers consisting of a single lipid, PS, and mixtures of lipids with or without PS were used. Consistent with previous X-ray diffraction studies, AFM imaging showed two distinct domains in pure PS bilayers when Ca(2+) was present. Upon Rs1 adsorption, these PS and PS-containing mixed bilayers underwent fast and extensive reorganization. Protein localization was ascertained by immunolabeling. AFM imaging showed the Rs1 antibody bound exclusively to the calcium-rich ordered phase of the bilayers pointing to the sequestration of Rs1 within those domains. This was further supported by the increased mechanical strength of these domains after Rs1 binding. Besides, changes in bilayer thickness suggested that Rs1 was partially embedded into the bilayer. These findings support a model whereby the Rs1 protein binds to PS in the retinal cell plasma membranes in a calcium-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kotova
- LBPS, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Langmuir films from human placental membranes: preparation, rheology, transfer to alkylated glasses, and sigmoidal kinetics of alkaline phosphatase in the resultant Langmuir-Blodgett film. Cell Biochem Biophys 2010; 56:91-107. [PMID: 20033626 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-009-9073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we studied the activity of human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) constraint in a planar surface in controlled molecular packing conditions. For the first time, Langmuir films (LFs) were prepared by the spreading of purified placental membranes (PPM) on the air-water interface and their stability and rheological properties were studied. LFs exhibited a collapse pressure pi(C) = 48 mN/m, hysteresis during the compression-decompression cycle (C-D), indicating a plastic deformation, and a compressibility modulus (K) compatible with liquid-expanded phases. A phase transition point appeared at pi(T) = 28 mN/m and, following successive C-D, it moved toward lower surface areas and higher K, suggesting the lost of some non-PLAP proteins as components of vesicles that might protrude from the monolayer (confirmed by combining lipid/protein molar ratio analysis, PAGE-SDS and V(max)). LFs were transferred at 35 mN/m to alkylated glasses to obtain Langmuir-Blodgett films (LB(35)) the stability of which was confirmed by AFM. The kinetics of p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) hydrolysis at 37 degrees C catalyzed by PPM was Michaelian and exhibited the thermostability at 60 degrees C typical of PLAP. In LB(35), PLAP exhibited a sigmoidal kinetics which resembled the behavior of the partially metalated enzyme but might become from a cross-talk between protein and membrane structures.
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Giocondi MC, Yamamoto D, Lesniewska E, Milhiet PE, Ando T, Le Grimellec C. Surface topography of membrane domains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:703-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Parameters modulating the maximum insertion pressure of proteins and peptides in lipid monolayers. Biochimie 2009; 91:718-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wildling L, Hinterdorfer P, Kusche-Vihrog K, Treffner Y, Oberleithner H. Aldosterone receptor sites on plasma membrane of human vascular endothelium detected by a mechanical nanosensor. Pflugers Arch 2008; 458:223-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-008-0615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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André A, Gaibelet G, Le Guyader L, Welby M, Lopez A, Lebrun C. Membrane partitioning of various delta-opioid receptor forms before and after agonist activations: the effect of cholesterol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:1483-92. [PMID: 18423369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts depicted as densely packed and thicker membrane microdomains, based on the dynamic clustering of cholesterol and sphingolipids, may help as platforms involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. The reasons why proteins segregate into rafts are yet to be clarified. The human delta opioid receptor (hDOR) reconstituted in a model system has been characterised after ligand binding by an elongation of its transmembrane part, inducing rearrangement of its lipid microenvironment [Alves, Salamon, Hruby, and Tollin (2005) Biochemistry 44, 9168-9178]. We used hDOR to understand better the correlation between its function and its membrane microdomain localisation. A fusion protein of hDOR with the Green Fluorescent Protein (DOR*) allows precise receptor membrane quantification. Here we report that (i) a fraction of the total receptor pool requires cholesterol for binding activity, (ii) G-proteins stabilize a high affinity state conformation which does not seem modulated by cholesterol. In relation to its distribution, and (iii) a fraction of DOR* is constitutively associated with detergent-resistant membranes (DRM) characterised by an enrichment in lipids and proteins raft markers. (iv) An increase in the quantity of DOR* was observed upon agonist addition. (v) This DRM relocation is prevented by uncoupling the receptor-G-protein interaction.
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