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Welter AA, Wu WJ, Maurer R, O’Quinn TG, Chao MD, Boyle DL, Geisbrecht ER, Hartson SD, Bowker BC, Zhuang H. An Investigation of the Altered Textural Property in Woody Breast Myopathy Using an Integrative Omics Approach. Front Physiol 2022; 13:860868. [PMID: 35370787 PMCID: PMC8970568 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.860868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Woody breast (WB) is a myopathy observed in broiler Pectoralis major (PM) characterized by its tough and rubbery texture with greater level of calcium content. The objective of this study was to investigate the functionality/integrity of WB sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which may contribute to the elevated calcium content observed in WB and other factors that may influence WB texture. Fourteen Ross line broiler PM [7 severe WB and 7 normal (N)] were selected, packaged, and frozen at -20°C at 8 h postmortem from a commercial processing plant. Samples were used to measure pH, sarcomere length, proteolysis, calpain activity, collagenase activity, collagen content, collagen crosslinks density, and connective tissue peak transitional temperature. Exudate was also collected from each sample to evaluate free calcium concentration. The SR fraction of the samples was separated and utilized for proteomic and lipidomic analysis. The WB PM had a higher pH, shorter sarcomeres, lower % of intact troponin-T, more autolyzed μ/m calpain, more activated collagenase, greater collagen content, greater mature collagen crosslinks density, and higher connective tissue peak transitional temperature than the N PM (p ≤ 0.05). Exudate from WB PM had higher levels of free calcium than those from N PM (p < 0.05). Proteomics data revealed an upregulation of calcium transport proteins and a downregulation of proteins responsible for calcium release (p < 0.05) in WB SR. Interestingly, there was an upregulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and cholinesterase exhibited a 7.6-fold increase in WB SR (p < 0.01). Lipidomics data revealed WB SR had less relative % of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and more lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC; p < 0.05). The results indicated that upregulation of calcium transport proteins and downregulation of calcium-release proteins in WB SR may be the muscle's attempt to regulate this proposed excessive signaling of calcium release due to multiple factors, such as upregulation of PLA2 resulting in PC hydrolysis and presence of cholinesterase inhibitors in the system prolonging action potential. In addition, the textural abnormality of WB may be the combined effects of shorter sarcomere length and more collagen with greater crosslink density being deposited in the broiler PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia A. Welter
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Wan Jun Wu
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Ryan Maurer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Travis G. O’Quinn
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Michael D. Chao
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Daniel L. Boyle
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University Microscopy Facility, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Erika R. Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Steve D. Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Brian C. Bowker
- United States National Poultry Research Center USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hong Zhuang
- United States National Poultry Research Center USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
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Pagani M, Albisetti GW, Sivakumar N, Wildner H, Santello M, Johannssen HC, Zeilhofer HU. How Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Opens the Spinal Gate for Itch. Neuron 2019; 103:102-117.e5. [PMID: 31103358 PMCID: PMC6616317 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Spinal transmission of pruritoceptive (itch) signals requires transneuronal signaling by gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) produced by a subpopulation of dorsal horn excitatory interneurons. These neurons also express the glutamatergic marker vGluT2, raising the question of why glutamate alone is insufficient for spinal itch relay. Using optogenetics together with slice electrophysiology and mouse behavior, we demonstrate that baseline synaptic coupling between GRP and GRP receptor (GRPR) neurons is too weak for suprathreshold excitation. Only when we mimicked the endogenous firing of GRP neurons and stimulated them repetitively to fire bursts of action potentials did GRPR neurons depolarize progressively and become excitable by GRP neurons. GRPR but not glutamate receptor antagonism prevented this action. Provoking itch-like behavior by optogenetic activation of spinal GRP neurons required similar stimulation paradigms. These results establish a spinal gating mechanism for itch that requires sustained repetitive activity of presynaptic GRP neurons and postsynaptic GRP signaling to drive GRPR neuron output. Spinal itch relay requires effective communication from GRP to GRP receptor neurons Single action potentials in GRP neurons fail to release sufficient GRP Only burst firing releases enough GRP to prime GRP receptor neurons for activation GRP acts as a volume transmitter probably explaining why itch is hard to localize
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pagani
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gioele W Albisetti
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nandhini Sivakumar
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik Wildner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Santello
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helge C Johannssen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Drug Discovery Network Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8090 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Zhang H, Wu S, Huang C, Li X. Long‑term treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with losartan and molecular basis of modulating Ito of ventricular myocytes. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1959-67. [PMID: 24584699 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of chronic treatment with losartan on transient outward potassium current (Ito) and the expression levels of potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D members 2 and 3 (Kv4.2 and 3) and voltage-gated potassium channel-interacting protein 2 (KChIP2) in rats. Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into lo-SH and SH groups and los-WKY and WKY groups, respectively. Ito was recorded and expression levels of Kv4.2, Kv4.3 and KChIP2 were measured by western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Ito current density was smaller in SH compared with WKY, los-WKY and los-SH groups (P<0.01). Inactivation time constant of myocytes was larger in SH compared with WKY, los-WKY and los-SH groups (P<0.01). The mean levels of mRNA and protein of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 were significantly lower in the SH compared with WKY, los-WKY and los‑SH groups in vivo and in vitro (P<0.01). The Pearson statistical test showed no correlation between the expression levels of Kv4.2, Kv4.3, KChIP2 and the changes in blood pressure in the losartan treatment group. In conclusion, chronic blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptors with losartan reversed SH rats' electrical remodeling and shortened action potential duration, which was associated with an increase in Ito density as the expression levels of Kv4.2, Kv4.3 increased and the expression levels of KChIP2 decreased. However, the expression levels of Kv4.2, Kv4.3 and KChIP2 were not correlated with the change in blood pressure in the losartan treatment group. Losartan may decrease the inactivation time by increasing the expression of KChIP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Songlin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Congxing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
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N-acetylcysteine prevents electrical remodeling and attenuates cellular hypertrophy in epicardial myocytes of rats with ascending aortic stenosis. Basic Res Cardiol 2012; 107:290. [PMID: 22855324 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-012-0290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pressure overload is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and electrical remodeling. Here, we investigate the effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the cellular cardiac electrophysiology of female Sprague-Dawley rats with ascending aortic stenosis (AS). Rats were treated with NAC (1 g/kg body weight) or control solution 1 week before the intervention and in the week following AS or sham operation. Seven days after the operation, blood pressure and left ventricular pressure were measured before the heart was excised. Single cells were isolated from epicardial and endocardial layers of the left ventricular free wall and investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Systolic blood pressure and left ventricular peak pressure were not significantly altered in the NAC group. NAC reduced the increase (p < 0.001) in the relative left ventricular weight (p < 0.05) as well as the increase (p < 0.001) in cell capacitance in epicardial (p < 0.05), but not in endocardial myocytes of AS animals. The L-type Ca(2+) current (I (CaL)) was significantly increased by AS in epicardial (+19 % at 0 mV, p < 0.01) but not in endocardial myocytes. NAC completely prevented this increase in I (CaL) (p < 0.01). The current density of the transient outward K(+) current (I (to)) was not affected by AS or NAC. Action potential duration to 90 % repolarization was significantly prolonged in epicardial (p < 0.01) as well as in endocardial (p < 0.001) cells of AS animals. NAC prevented the AP prolongation in epicardial myocytes only (p < 0.05). We conclude that reducing oxidative stress in pressure overload can prevent electrical remodeling and ameliorate hypertrophy in epicardial but not in endocardial myocytes.
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Pahlavan S, Oberhofer M, Sauer B, Ruppenthal S, Tian Q, Scholz A, Kaestner L, Lipp P. Gαq and Gα11 contribute to the maintenance of cellular electrophysiology and Ca2+ handling in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95:48-58. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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