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Dmitrieva NI, Boehm M, Yancey PH, Enhörning S. Long-term health outcomes associated with hydration status. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:275-294. [PMID: 38409366 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Body water balance is determined by fundamental homeostatic mechanisms that maintain stable volume, osmolality and the composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids. Water balance is maintained by multiple mechanisms that continuously match water losses through urine, the skin, the gastrointestinal tract and respiration with water gains achieved through drinking, eating and metabolic water production. Hydration status is determined by the state of the water balance. Underhydration occurs when a decrease in body water availability, due to high losses or low gains, stimulates adaptive responses within the water balance network that are aimed at decreasing losses and increasing gains. This stimulation is also accompanied by cardiovascular adjustments. Epidemiological and experimental studies have linked markers of low fluid intake and underhydration - such as increased plasma concentration of vasopressin and sodium, as well as elevated urine osmolality - with an increased risk of new-onset chronic diseases, accelerated aging and premature mortality, suggesting that persistent activation of adaptive responses may be detrimental to long-term health outcomes. The causative nature of these associations is currently being tested in interventional trials. Understanding of the physiological responses to underhydration may help to identify possible mechanisms that underlie potential adverse, long-term effects of underhydration and inform future research to develop preventative and treatment approaches to the optimization of hydration status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Dmitrieva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul H Yancey
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington, USA
| | - Sofia Enhörning
- Perinatal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Nutrition Strategies Promoting Healthy Aging: From Improvement of Cardiovascular and Brain Health to Prevention of Age-Associated Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010047. [PMID: 36615705 PMCID: PMC9824801 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies suggest that diet plays an important role in regulating aging processes and modulates the development of the most important age-related diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the relationship between nutrition and critical age-associated diseases. METHODS A literature review was conducted to survey recent pre-clinical and clinical findings related to the role of nutritional factors in modulation of fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and their role in prevention of the genesis of the diseases of aging. RESULTS Studies show that the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive impairment and dementia can be slowed down or prevented by certain diets with anti-aging action. The protective effects of diets, at least in part, may be mediated by their beneficial macro- (protein, fat, carbohydrate) and micronutrient (vitamins, minerals) composition. CONCLUSIONS Certain diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, may play a significant role in healthy aging by preventing the onset of certain diseases and by improving the aging process itself. This latter can be strengthened by incorporating fasting elements into the diet. As dietary recommendations change with age, this should be taken into consideration as well, when developing a diet tailored to the needs of elderly individuals. Future and ongoing clinical studies on complex anti-aging dietary interventions translating the results of preclinical investigations are expected to lead to novel nutritional guidelines for older adults in the near future.
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Lagunas-Rangel FA. G protein-coupled receptors that influence lifespan of human and animal models. Biogerontology 2021; 23:1-19. [PMID: 34860303 PMCID: PMC8888397 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humanity has always sought to live longer and for this, multiple strategies have been tried with varying results. In this sense, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) may be a good option to try to prolong our life while maintaining good health since they have a substantial participation in a wide variety of processes of human pathophysiology and are one of the main therapeutic targets. In this way, we present the analysis of a series of GPCRs whose activity has been shown to affect the lifespan of animal and human models, and in which we put a special interest in describing the molecular mechanisms involved. Our compilation of data revealed that the mechanisms most involved in the role of GPCRs in lifespan are those that mimic dietary restriction, those related to insulin signaling and the AMPK and TOR pathways, and those that alter oxidative homeostasis and severe and/or chronic inflammation. We also discuss the possibility of using agonist or antagonist drugs, depending on the beneficial or harmful effects of each GPCR, in order to prolong people's lifespan and healthspan.
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Gene cascades ensure physiological function from optimal health to developing diseases. Physiol Behav 2021; 241:113568. [PMID: 34481827 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Optimal physiological function throughout life is assured by activation, inhibition and/or modulation of multiple gene cascades resulting in new protein synthesis (possible biomarker), increased or decreased production of existing proteins, and other regulatory activities that maintain the organism in a relative healthy state for survival. Changes in physiological health state demand further (rapid) production/activation/inhibition/modulation of proteins that should ensure continued physiological functions in the short term, but these changes may not necessarily be ideal for long term survival. Medications, or even way of life changes, may help to stabilise overall organism's survival but cannot necessarily repair or reverse changes in gene expression already endured nor return the organism to an initial optimal healthy state.
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Jansen LT, Suh H, Adams JD, Sprong CA, Seal AD, Scott DM, Butts CL, Melander O, Kirkland TW, Vanhaecke T, Dolci A, Lemetais G, Perrier ET, Kavouras SA. Osmotic stimulation of vasopressin acutely impairs glucose regulation: a counterbalanced, crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1344-1352. [PMID: 31562496 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies in humans show increased concentrations of copeptin, a surrogate marker of arginine vasopressin (AVP), to be associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES To examine the acute and independent effect of osmotically stimulated AVP, measured via the surrogate marker copeptin, on glucose regulation in healthy adults. METHODS Sixty subjects (30 females) participated in this crossover design study. On 2 trial days, separated by ≥7 d (males) or 1 menstrual cycle (females), subjects were infused for 120 min with either 0.9% NaCl [isotonic (ISO)] or 3.0% NaCl [hypertonic (HYPER)]. Postinfusion, a 240-min oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g) was administered. RESULTS During HYPER, plasma osmolality and copeptin increased (P < 0.05) and remained elevated during the entire 6-h protocol, whereas renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system hormones were within the lower normal physiological range at the beginning of the protocol and declined following infusion. Fasting plasma glucose did not differ between trials (P > 0.05) at baseline and during the 120 min of infusion. During the OGTT the incremental AUC for glucose from postinfusion baseline (positive integer) was greater during HYPER (401.5 ± 190.5 mmol/L·min) compared with the ISO trial (354.0 ± 205.8 mmol/L·min; P < 0.05). The positive integer of the AUC for insulin during OGTT did not differ between trials (HYPER 55,850 ± 36,488 pmol/L·min compared with ISO 57,205 ± 31,119 pmol/L·min). Baseline values of serum glucagon were not different between the 2 trials; however, the AUC of glucagon during the OGTT was also significantly greater in HYPER (19,303 ± 3939 ng/L·min) compared with the ISO trial (18,600 ± 3755 ng/L·min; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that acute osmotic stimulation of copeptin induced greater hyperglycemic responses during the oral glucose challenge, possibly due to greater glucagon concentrations.This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02761434.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - HyunGyu Suh
- Arizona State University, Hydration Science Lab, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - J D Adams
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, Rochester, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Adam D Seal
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.,Arizona State University, Hydration Science Lab, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Olle Melander
- Lund University, Division of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Malmø, Sweden
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Stroh MA, Winter MK, McCarson KE, Thyfault JP, Zhu H. NCB5OR Deficiency in the Cerebellum and Midbrain Leads to Dehydration and Alterations in Thirst Response, Fasted Feeding Behavior, and Voluntary Exercise in Mice. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 17:152-164. [PMID: 28887630 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic NADH-cytochrome-b5-oxidoreductase (NCB5OR) is ubiquitously expressed in animal tissues. We have previously reported that global ablation of NCB5OR in mice results in early-onset lean diabetes with decreased serum leptin levels and increased metabolic and feeding activities. The conditional deletion of NCB5OR in the mouse cerebellum and midbrain (conditional knock out, CKO mice) results in local iron dyshomeostasis and altered locomotor activity. It has been established that lesion to or removal of the cerebellum leads to changes in nutrient organization, visceral response, feeding behavior, and body weight. This study assessed whether loss of NCB5OR in the cerebellum and midbrain altered feeding or metabolic activity and had an effect on serum T3, cortisol, prolactin, and leptin levels. Metabolic cage data revealed that 16 week old male CKO mice had elevated respiratory quotients and decreased respiratory water expulsion, decreased voluntary exercise, and altered feeding and drinking behavior compared to wild-type littermate controls. Most notably, male CKO mice displayed higher consumption of food during refeeding after a 48-h fast. Echo MRI revealed normal body composition but decreased total water content and hydration ratios in CKO mice. Increased serum osmolality measurements confirmed the dehydration status of male CKO mice. Serum leptin levels were significantly elevated in male CKO mice while prolactin, T3, and cortisol levels remain unchanged relative to wild-type controls, consistent with elevated transcript levels for leptin receptors (short form) in the male CKO mouse cerebellum. Taken together, these findings suggest altered feeding response post starvation as a result of NCB5OR deficiency in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Stroh
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michelle K Winter
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Kenneth E McCarson
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., MSN 4048G-Eaton, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Kavouras SA. Hydration, dehydration, underhydration, optimal hydration: are we barking up the wrong tree? Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:471-473. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-01889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Arnaoutis G, Kavouras SA, Stratakis N, Likka M, Mitrakou A, Papamichael C, Sidossis LS, Stamatelopoulos K. The effect of hypohydration on endothelial function in young healthy adults. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1211-1217. [PMID: 26864199 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypohydration has been suggested as a predisposing factor for several pathologies including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). While CVD are the leading cause of death worldwide, no study has investigated whether acute hypohydration affects endothelial function and cardiovascular function. METHODS Ten young, healthy males participated in this crossover study (age: 24.3 ± 2.3 year; weight: 80.8 ± 5.3 kg; BMI: 24.3 ± 0.4 kg m-2). Each subject completed two measurements of endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in euhydrated and hypohydrated state separated by 24 h. Following baseline assessment of hydration status and FMD, the subjects completed 100 min of low-intensity intermittent walking exercise to achieve hypohydration of -2 % of individual body mass. For the rest of the day, a standardized, low water content diet was provided. The following morning, hydration markers and endothelial function were recorded. RESULTS Hypohydration by -1.9 ± 0.1 % of body mass resulted in decreased plasma volume by -3.5 ± 1.8 % and increased plasma osmolality by 9 ± 2 mmol kg-1 (P < 0.001). FMD as a response to hypohydration decreased by -26.8 ± 3.9 % (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The data suggested that a small degree of hypohydration induced by moderate exercise and fluid restriction significantly impaired endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannis Arnaoutis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros A Kavouras
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Nikolaos Stratakis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Marita Likka
- Vascular Laboratory, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Asimina Mitrakou
- Vascular Laboratory, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Papamichael
- Vascular Laboratory, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Labros S Sidossis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Department of Exercise Science and Sports Studies, Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Vascular Laboratory, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Sherwin JC, Kokavec J, Thornton SN. Hydration, fluid regulation and the eye: in health and disease. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 43:749-64. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Sherwin
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Lions Eye Institute; University of Western Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Jan Kokavec
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Simon N Thornton
- Université de Lorraine; Nancy France
- INSERM U1116; Vandoeuvre les Nancy France
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Cotter JD, Thornton SN, Lee JK, Laursen PB. Are we being drowned in hydration advice? Thirsty for more? EXTREME PHYSIOLOGY & MEDICINE 2014; 3:18. [PMID: 25356197 PMCID: PMC4212586 DOI: 10.1186/2046-7648-3-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydration pertains simplistically to body water volume. Functionally, however, hydration is one aspect of fluid regulation that is far more complex, as it involves the homeostatic regulation of total body fluid volume, composition and distribution. Deliberate or pathological alteration of these regulated factors can be disabling or fatal, whereas they are impacted by exercise and by all environmental stressors (e.g. heat, immersion, gravity) both acutely and chronically. For example, dehydration during exercising and environmental heat stress reduces water volume more than electrolyte content, causing hyperosmotic hypohydration. If exercise continues for many hours with access to food and water, composition returns to normal but extracellular volume increases well above baseline (if exercising upright and at low altitude). Repeating bouts of exercise or heat stress does likewise. Dehydration due to physical activity or environmental heat is a routine fluid-regulatory stress. How to gauge such dehydration and - more importantly-what to do about it, are contested heavily within sports medicine and nutrition. Drinking to limit changes in body mass is commonly advocated (to maintain ≤2% reduction), rather than relying on behavioural cues (mainly thirst) because the latter has been deemed too insensitive. This review, as part of the series on moving in extreme environments, critiques the validity, problems and merits of externally versus autonomously controlled fluid-regulatory behaviours, both acutely and chronically. Our contention is that externally advocated hydration policies (especially based on change in body mass with exercise in healthy individuals) have limited merit and are extrapolated and imposed too widely upon society, at the expense of autonomy. More research is warranted to examine whether ad libitum versus avid drinking is beneficial, detrimental or neither in: acute settings; adapting for obligatory dehydration (e.g. elite endurance competition in the heat), and; development of chronic diseases that are associated with an extreme lack of environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- James David Cotter
- Exercise and Environmental Physiology, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Simon N Thornton
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, U 1116 -INSERM-UL, 9, Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS50-184 - 54505 VANDŒUVRE, Les Nancy cedex, France
| | - Jason Kw Lee
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore ; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore ; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Paul B Laursen
- High Performance Sport New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand ; Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Thornton SN, Lacolley P. Dietary sodium and cardiovascular health strategies. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:297-8. [PMID: 24951579 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.087965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Thornton
- U1116 UL-INSERM 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye CS 50184-54505 Vandœuvre Les Nancy Cedex France E-mail:
| | - Patrick Lacolley
- U1116 UL-INSERM 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye CS 50184-54505 Vandœuvre Les Nancy Cedex France E-mail:
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Vianna LC, Hart EC, Fairfax ST, Charkoudian N, Joyner MJ, Fadel PJ. Influence of age and sex on the pressor response following a spontaneous burst of muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H2419-27. [PMID: 22427525 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01105.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is critical for the beat-to-beat regulation of arterial blood pressure (BP). Although studies have examined age- and sex-related effects on BP control, findings are inconsistent and limited data are available in postmenopausal women. In addition, the majority of studies have focused on time-averaged responses without consideration for potential beat-to-beat alterations. Thus we examined whether the ability of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to modulate BP on a beat-to-beat basis is affected by age or sex. BP and MSNA were measured during supine rest in 40 young (20 men) and 40 older (20 men) healthy subjects. Beat-to-beat fluctuations in mean arterial pressure (MAP) were characterized for 15 cardiac cycles after each MSNA burst using signal averaging. The rise in MAP following an MSNA burst was similar between young men and women (+2.64 ± 0.3 vs. +2.57 ± 0.3 mmHg, respectively). However, the magnitude of the increase in MAP after an MSNA burst was reduced in older compared with young subjects (P < 0.05). Moreover, the attenuation of the pressor response was greater in older women (+1.20 ± 0.1 mmHg) compared with older men (+1.72 ± 0.2 mmHg; P < 0.05). Interestingly, in all groups, MAP consistently decreased after cardiac cycles without MSNA bursts (nonbursts) with the magnitude of fall greatest in older men. In summary, healthy aging is associated with an attenuated beat-to-beat increase in BP after a spontaneous MSNA burst, and this attenuation is more pronounced in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, our nonburst findings highlight the importance of sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity to maintain beat-to-beat BP, particularly in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro C Vianna
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65212, USA
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