1
|
Yue L, Sun ZN, Yao YS, Shen Z, Wang HB, Liu XP, Zhou F, Xiang JY, Yao RY, Niu HT. CRM1, a novel independent prognostic factor overexpressed in invasive breast carcinoma of poor prognosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7515-7522. [PMID: 29725458 PMCID: PMC5920404 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in females globally and is more aggressive at later stages. Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is involved in the nuclear export of proteins and RNAs and has been associated with a number of malignancies. However, the clinicopathological significance of its expression in BC remains to be elucidated therefore this was investigated in the present study. CRM1 expression in 280 breast cancer tissues and 60 normal tissues was retrospectively analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting. IHC investigation demonstrated that CRM1 expression was significantly increased in BC compared with the normal breast epithelium (P<0.0001). Overexpression of CRM1 was markedly associated with poor prognostic characteristics, including larger tumor size (P=0.024), positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.032), invasive histological type (P=0.004) and distant metastasis (P=0.026). Significant associations were also observed between increased CRM1 expression and the progesterone receptor (P=0.028) and Ki67 (P=0.019). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high CRM1 expression exhibited a reduced disease-free survival and overall survival compared with those with low CRM1 expression (P=0.013). In the multivariate analysis, CRM1 expression (P=0.011), tumor size (P=0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) were independent prognostic markers of BC. In conclusion, CRM1 serves an important role in BC and may serve as a predictive and prognostic factor for a poor outcome in patients with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yue
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ni Sun
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Sai Yao
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth People's Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Ping Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yu Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Yong Yao
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Niu
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ngo HT, Hetland RB, Nygaard UC, Steffensen IL. Genetic and Diet-Induced Obesity Increased Intestinal Tumorigenesis in the Double Mutant Mouse Model Multiple Intestinal Neoplasia X Obese via Disturbed Glucose Regulation and Inflammation. J Obes 2015; 2015:343479. [PMID: 26347815 PMCID: PMC4546984 DOI: 10.1155/2015/343479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied how spontaneous or carcinogen-induced intestinal tumorigenesis was affected by genetic or diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J-Apc (Min/+) X C57BL/6J-Lep (ob/+) mice. Obesity was induced by the obese (ob) mutation in the lep gene coding for the hormone leptin, or by a 45% fat diet. The effects of obesity were examined on spontaneous intestinal tumors caused by the multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) gene and on tumors induced by the dietary carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). F1 ob/ob (homozygous mutated) mice had increased body weight (bw) and number of spontaneous and PhIP-induced small intestinal tumors (in Apc (Min/+) mice), versus ob/wt (heterozygous mutated) and wt/wt mice (homozygous wild-type). A 45% fat diet exacerbated bw and spontaneous tumor numbers versus 10% fat, but not PhIP-induced tumors. Except for bw, ob/wt and wt/wt were not significantly different. The obesity caused hyperglucosemia and insulinemia in ob/ob mice. A 45% fat diet further increased glucose, but not insulin. Inflammation was seen as increased TNFα levels in ob/ob mice. Thus the results implicate disturbed glucose regulation and inflammation as mechanisms involved in the association between obesity and intestinal tumorigenesis. Ob/ob mice had shorter lifespan than ob/wt and wt/wt mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thi Ngo
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragna Bogen Hetland
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Unni Cecilie Nygaard
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger-Lise Steffensen
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ngo HT, Hetland RB, Steffensen IL. The intrauterine and nursing period is a window of susceptibility for development of obesity and intestinal tumorigenesis by a high fat diet in Min/+ mice as adults. J Obes 2015; 2015:624023. [PMID: 25874125 PMCID: PMC4383426 DOI: 10.1155/2015/624023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied how obesogenic conditions during various life periods affected obesity and intestinal tumorigenesis in adult C57BL/6J-Min (multiple intestinal neoplasia)/+ mice. The mice were given a 10% fat diet throughout life (negative control) or a 45% fat diet in utero, during nursing, during both in utero and nursing, during adult life, or during their whole life-span, and terminated at 11 weeks for tumorigenesis (Min/+) or 23 weeks for obesogenic effect (wild-type). Body weight at 11 weeks was increased after a 45% fat diet during nursing, during both in utero and nursing, and throughout life, but had normalized at 23 weeks. In the glucose tolerance test, the early exposure to a 45% fat diet in utero, during nursing, or during both in utero and nursing, did not affect blood glucose, whereas a 45% fat diet given to adults or throughout life did. However, a 45% fat diet during nursing or during in utero and nursing increased the number of small intestinal tumors. So did exposures to a 45% fat diet in adult life or throughout life, but without increasing the tumor numbers further. The intrauterine and nursing period is a window of susceptibility for dietary fat-induced obesity and intestinal tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thi Ngo
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragna Bogen Hetland
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger-Lise Steffensen
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
- *Inger-Lise Steffensen:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ngo HT, Hetland RB, Sabaredzovic A, Haug LS, Steffensen IL. In utero exposure to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) did not increase body weight or intestinal tumorigenesis in multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min/+) mice. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 132:251-263. [PMID: 24834819 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) had obesogenic effects and if they increased spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis in the mouse model C57BL/6J-Min/+ (multiple intestinal neoplasia) after in utero exposure. The dams were exposed to PFOA or PFOS (0.01, 0.1 or 3.0mg/kg bw/day) by po gavage on GD1-17. The Min/+ and wild-type offspring were terminated at week 11 for examination of intestinal tumorigenesis or at week 20 for obesogenic effect, respectively. Body weights of the dams and pups were recorded throughout life. Food intake was determined at week 6 and 10. Blood glucose (non-fasted) was measured at week 6 and 11. No obesogenic effect of PFOA or PFOS was observed up to 20 weeks of age. PFOA or PFOS did not increase the incidence or number of tumors in the small intestine or colon of the Min/+ mice or affect their location along the intestines. Feed intake was not affected. There were some indications of toxicity of PFOA, but not of PFOS. There was lower survival of pups after 3.0mg/kg PFOA, lower body weight in pups after 3.0 and possibly 0.1mg/kg PFOA, and increased relative liver weight after 0.01 and possibly 0.1mg/kg PFOA. Plasma glucose was lower after 0.01 and 0.1mg/kg PFOA. In conclusion, exposure to PFOA and PFOS in utero with the doses used did not have obesogenic effect on either Min/+ or wild-type mice, at least not up to 11 or 20 weeks of age, nor increased intestinal tumorigenesis in Min/+ mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thi Ngo
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ragna Bogen Hetland
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Azemira Sabaredzovic
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Inger-Lise Steffensen
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|