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Cheng T, Mariappan A, Langner E, Shim K, Gopalakrishnan J, Mahjoub MR. Inhibiting centrosome clustering reduces cystogenesis and improves kidney function in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172047. [PMID: 38385746 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a monogenic disorder accounting for approximately 5% of patients with renal failure, yet therapeutics for the treatment of ADPKD remain limited. ADPKD tissues display abnormalities in the biogenesis of the centrosome, a defect that can cause genome instability, aberrant ciliary signaling, and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Cystic cells form excess centrosomes via a process termed centrosome amplification (CA), which causes abnormal multipolar spindle configurations, mitotic catastrophe, and reduced cell viability. However, cells with CA can suppress multipolarity via "centrosome clustering," a key mechanism by which cells circumvent apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting centrosome clustering can counteract the proliferation of renal cystic cells with high incidences of CA. Using ADPKD human cells and mouse models, we show that preventing centrosome clustering with 2 inhibitors, CCB02 and PJ34, blocks cyst initiation and growth in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting centrosome clustering activates a p53-mediated surveillance mechanism leading to apoptosis, reduced cyst expansion, decreased interstitial fibrosis, and improved kidney function. Transcriptional analysis of kidneys from treated mice identified pro-inflammatory signaling pathways implicated in CA-mediated cystogenesis and fibrosis. Our results demonstrate that centrosome clustering is a cyst-selective target for the improvement of renal morphology and function in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aruljothi Mariappan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ewa Langner
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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2
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Janssen JN, Kalev-Altman R, Shalit T, Sela-Donenfeld D, Monsonego-Ornan E. Differential gene expression in the calvarial and cortical bone of juvenile female mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1127536. [PMID: 37378024 PMCID: PMC10291685 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1127536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both the calvarial and the cortical bones develop through intramembranous ossification, yet they have very different structures and functions. The calvaria enables the rapid while protected growth of the brain, whereas the cortical bone takes part in locomotion. Both types of bones undergo extensive modeling during embryonic and post-natal growth, while bone remodeling is the most dominant process in adults. Their shared formation mechanism and their highly distinct functions raise the fundamental question of how similar or diverse the molecular pathways that act in each bone type are. Methods To answer this question, we aimed to compare the transcriptomes of calvaria and cortices from 21-day old mice by bulk RNA-Seq analysis. Results The results revealed clear differences in expression levels of genes related to bone pathologies, craniosynostosis, mechanical loading and bone-relevant signaling pathways like WNT and IHH, emphasizing the functional differences between these bones. We further discussed the less expected candidate genes and gene sets in the context of bone. Finally, we compared differences between juvenile and mature bone, highlighting commonalities and dissimilarities of gene expression between calvaria and cortices during post-natal bone growth and adult bone remodeling. Discussion Altogether, this study revealed significant differences between the transcriptome of calvaria and cortical bones in juvenile female mice, highlighting the most important pathway mediators for the development and function of two different bone types that originate both through intramembranous ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Nicolas Janssen
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rotem Kalev-Altman
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Shalit
- The Ilana and Pascal Mantoux Institute for Bioinformatics, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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3
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Zhang H, Yue X, Cheng H, Zhang X, Cai Y, Zou W, Huang G, Cheng L, Ye F, Kang L. OSM-9 and an amiloride-sensitive channel, but not PKD-2, are involved in mechanosensation in C. elegans male ray neurons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7192. [PMID: 29740060 PMCID: PMC5940728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is crucial for touch sensation, hearing, proprioception, and pain sensing. In C. elegans, male ray neurons have been implicated to be involved in the mechanosensation required for mating behavior. However, whether ray neurons directly sense mechanical stimulation is not yet known, and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been identified. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we recorded the touch-induced calcium responses in male ray neurons. Our data demonstrated that ray neurons are sensitive to mechanical stimulation in a neurotransmitter-independent manner. PKD-2, a putative sensor component for both mechanosensation and chemosensation in male-specific neurons, was not required for the touch-induced calcium responses in RnB neurons, whereas the TRPV channel OSM-9 shaped the kinetics of the responses. We further showed that RnB-neuron mechanosensation is likely mediated by an amiloride-sensitive DEG/ENaC channel. These observations lay a foundation for better understanding the molecular mechanisms of mechanosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Yue
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hankui Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenjuan Zou
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guifang Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lufeng Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Mohammed SG, Arjona FJ, Latta F, Bindels RJM, Roepman R, Hoenderop JGJ. Fluid shear stress increases transepithelial transport of Ca
2+
in ciliated distal convoluted and connecting tubule cells. FASEB J 2017; 31:1796-1806. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600687rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami G. Mohammed
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Francisco J. Arjona
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Femke Latta
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - René J. M. Bindels
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joost G. J. Hoenderop
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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5
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Sanchez MA, Tran KD, Valli J, Hobbs S, Johnson E, Gluenz E, Landfear SM. KHARON Is an Essential Cytoskeletal Protein Involved in the Trafficking of Flagellar Membrane Proteins and Cell Division in African Trypanosomes. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19760-73. [PMID: 27489106 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomes and related kinetoplastid parasites selectively traffic specific membrane proteins to the flagellar membrane, but the mechanisms for this trafficking are poorly understood. We show here that KHARON, a protein originally identified in Leishmania parasites, interacts with a putative trypanosome calcium channel and is required for its targeting to the flagellar membrane. KHARON is located at the base of the flagellar axoneme, where it likely mediates targeting of flagellar membrane proteins, but is also on the subpellicular microtubules and the mitotic spindle. Hence, KHARON is probably a multifunctional protein that associates with several components of the trypanosome cytoskeleton. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of KHARON mRNA results in failure of the calcium channel to enter the flagellar membrane, detachment of the flagellum from the cell body, and disruption of mitotic spindles. Furthermore, knockdown of KHARON mRNA induces a lethal failure of cytokinesis in both bloodstream (mammalian host) and procyclic (insect vector) life cycle stages, and KHARON is thus critical for parasite viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Sanchez
- From the Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239 and
| | - Khoa D Tran
- From the Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239 and
| | - Jessica Valli
- the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hobbs
- From the Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239 and
| | - Errin Johnson
- the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Gluenz
- the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Scott M Landfear
- From the Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239 and
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6
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Grimes DT, Keynton JL, Buenavista MT, Jin X, Patel SH, Kyosuke S, Vibert J, Williams DJ, Hamada H, Hussain R, Nauli SM, Norris DP. Genetic Analysis Reveals a Hierarchy of Interactions between Polycystin-Encoding Genes and Genes Controlling Cilia Function during Left-Right Determination. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006070. [PMID: 27272319 PMCID: PMC4894641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During mammalian development, left-right (L-R) asymmetry is established by a cilia-driven leftward fluid flow within a midline embryonic cavity called the node. This 'nodal flow' is detected by peripherally-located crown cells that each assemble a primary cilium which contain the putative Ca2+ channel PKD2. The interaction of flow and crown cell cilia promotes left side-specific expression of Nodal in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Whilst the PKD2-interacting protein PKD1L1 has also been implicated in L-R patterning, the underlying mechanism by which flow is detected and the genetic relationship between Polycystin function and asymmetric gene expression remains unknown. Here, we characterize a Pkd1l1 mutant line in which Nodal is activated bilaterally, suggesting that PKD1L1 is not required for LPM Nodal pathway activation per se, but rather to restrict Nodal to the left side downstream of nodal flow. Epistasis analysis shows that Pkd1l1 acts as an upstream genetic repressor of Pkd2. This study therefore provides a genetic pathway for the early stages of L-R determination. Moreover, using a system in which cultured cells are supplied artificial flow, we demonstrate that PKD1L1 is sufficient to mediate a Ca2+ signaling response after flow stimulation. Finally, we show that an extracellular PKD domain within PKD1L1 is crucial for PKD1L1 function; as such, destabilizing the domain causes L-R defects in the mouse. Our demonstration that PKD1L1 protein can mediate a response to flow coheres with a mechanosensation model of flow sensation in which the force of fluid flow drives asymmetric gene expression in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Grimes
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L. Keynton
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Maria T. Buenavista
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Beamline B23, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Xingjian Jin
- Chapman University and the University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Saloni H. Patel
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Shinohara Kyosuke
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Suita, Japan
| | - Jennifer Vibert
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie J. Williams
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- Developmental Genetics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Suita, Japan
| | - Rohanah Hussain
- Diamond Light Source, Beamline B23, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Surya M. Nauli
- Chapman University and the University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Dominic P. Norris
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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7
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Ludington WB, Ishikawa H, Serebrenik YV, Ritter A, Hernandez-Lopez RA, Gunzenhauser J, Kannegaard E, Marshall WF. A systematic comparison of mathematical models for inherent measurement of ciliary length: how a cell can measure length and volume. Biophys J 2016; 108:1361-1379. [PMID: 25809250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells control organelle size with great precision and accuracy to maintain optimal physiology, but the mechanisms by which they do so are largely unknown. Cilia and flagella are simple organelles in which a single measurement, length, can represent size. Maintenance of flagellar length requires an active transport process known as intraflagellar transport, and previous measurements suggest that a length-dependent feedback regulates intraflagellar transport. But the question remains: how is a length-dependent signal produced to regulate intraflagellar transport appropriately? Several conceptual models have been suggested, but testing these models quantitatively requires that they be cast in mathematical form. Here, we derive a set of mathematical models that represent the main broad classes of hypothetical size-control mechanisms currently under consideration. We use these models to predict the relation between length and intraflagellar transport, and then compare the predicted relations for each model with experimental data. We find that three models-an initial bolus formation model, an ion current model, and a diffusion-based model-show particularly good agreement with available experimental data. The initial bolus and ion current models give mathematically equivalent predictions for length control, but fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments rule out the initial bolus model, suggesting that either the ion current model or a diffusion-based model is more likely correct. The general biophysical principles of the ion current and diffusion-based models presented here to measure cilia and flagellar length can be generalized to measure any membrane-bound organelle volume, such as the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Ludington
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yevgeniy V Serebrenik
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alex Ritter
- Physiology Course, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | | | - Julia Gunzenhauser
- Physiology Course, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - Elisa Kannegaard
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Wallace F Marshall
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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8
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Abstract
Mechanotransduction, the conversion of physical forces into biochemical signals, is essential for various physiological processes such as the conscious sensations of touch and hearing, and the unconscious sensation of blood flow. Mechanically activated (MA) ion channels have been proposed as sensors of physical force, but the identity of these channels and an understanding of how mechanical force is transduced has remained elusive. A number of recent studies on previously known ion channels along with the identification of novel MA ion channels have greatly transformed our understanding of touch and hearing in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, we present an updated review of eukaryotic ion channel families that have been implicated in mechanotransduction processes and evaluate the qualifications of the candidate genes according to specified criteria. We then discuss the proposed gating models for MA ion channels and highlight recent structural studies of mechanosensitive potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev S Ranade
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ruhma Syeda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary (immotile) cilia are specialized organelles present on most cell types. Almost all of proteins associated with a broad spectrum of human cystic kidney diseases have been localized to the region in or around the cilia. Abnormal cilia structure and function have both been reported in animal models and human cystic kidneys. The goal of this review is to discuss current understanding of the mechanisms by which abnormal genes/proteins and cilia interact to potentially influence renal cystogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Novel direct recording of cilia calcium levels/channel activity suggests that cilia form a calcium-mediated signaling microenvironment separate from the cytoplasm, which could provide a mechanism for cilia-specific downstream signaling. Genetic-based studies confirm that cilia are not required for cystogenesis, but modulate cystic kidney disease severity through a novel, undefined mechanism. Mechanisms by which both cilia-associated and noncilia-associated proteins can alter cilia structure/function have also been identified. SUMMARY Considerable progress has been made in defining the mechanisms by which abnormal genes and proteins affect cilia structure and function. However, the exact mechanisms by which these interactions cause renal cyst formation and progression of cystic kidney disease are still unknown.
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10
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Delmas P, Coste B, Honoré E. A special issue on physiological aspects of mechanosensing. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1-2. [PMID: 25399684 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Delmas
- Ion Channels & Sensory Transduction, Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, CRN2M-UMR 7286, 13344, Marseille, France,
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11
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12
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Orhon I, Dupont N, Pampliega O, Cuervo AM, Codogno P. Autophagy and regulation of cilia function and assembly. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:389-97. [PMID: 25361082 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile and primary cilia (PC) are microtubule-based structures located at the cell surface of many cell types. Cilia govern cellular functions ranging from motility to integration of mechanical and chemical signaling from the environment. Recent studies highlight the interplay between cilia and autophagy, a conserved cellular process responsible for intracellular degradation. Signaling from the PC recruits the autophagic machinery to trigger autophagosome formation. Conversely, autophagy regulates ciliogenesis by controlling the levels of ciliary proteins. The cross talk between autophagy and ciliated structures is a novel aspect of cell biology with major implications in development, physiology and human pathologies related to defects in cilium function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Orhon
- 1] INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France [2] Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), Paris, France [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - N Dupont
- 1] INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France [2] Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), Paris, France [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - O Pampliega
- 1] Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA [2] Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A M Cuervo
- 1] Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA [2] Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - P Codogno
- 1] INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France [2] Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), Paris, France [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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13
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Cyst growth, polycystins, and primary cilia in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2014; 33:73-8. [PMID: 26877954 PMCID: PMC4714135 DOI: 10.1016/j.krcp.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium of renal epithelia acts as a transducer of extracellular stimuli. Polycystin (PC)1 is the protein encoded by the PKD1 gene that is responsible for the most common and severe form of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). PC1 forms a complex with PC2 via their respective carboxy-terminal tails. Both proteins are expressed in the primary cilia. Mutations in either gene affect the normal architecture of renal tubules, giving rise to ADPKD. PC1 has been proposed as a receptor that modulates calcium signals via the PC2 channel protein. The effect of PC1 dosage has been described as the rate-limiting modulator of cystic disease. Reduced levels of PC1 or disruption of the balance in PC1/PC2 level can lead to the clinical features of ADPKD, without complete inactivation. Recent data show that ADPKD resulting from inactivation of polycystins can be markedly slowed if structurally intact cilia are also disrupted at the same time. Despite the fact that no single model or mechanism from these has been able to describe exclusively the pathogenesis of cystic kidney disease, these findings suggest the existence of a novel cilia-dependent, cyst-promoting pathway that is normally repressed by polycystin function. The results enable us to rethink our current understanding of genetics and cilia signaling pathways of ADPKD.
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