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Pinilla E, Sánchez A, Martínez MP, Muñoz M, García‐Sacristán A, Köhler R, Prieto D, Rivera L. Endothelial K Ca 1.1 and K Ca 3.1 channels mediate rat intrarenal artery endothelium-derived hyperpolarization response. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13598. [PMID: 33314681 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-mediated response plays an essential role in the control of kidney preglomerular circulation, but the identity of the K+ channels involved in this response is still controversial. We hypothesized that large- (KCa 1.1), intermediate- (KCa 3.1) and small (KCa 2.3) -conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (KCa ) channels are expressed in the endothelium of the preglomerular circulation and participate in the EDH-mediated response. METHODS We study the functional expression of different K+ channels in non-cultured, freshly isolated native endothelial cells (ECs) of rat intrarenal arteries using immunofluorescence and the patch-clamp technique. We correlate this with vasorelaxant responses ex vivo using wire myography. RESULTS Immunofluorescence revealed the expression of KCa 1.1, KCa 3.1 and KCa 2.3 channels in ECs. Under voltage-clamp conditions, acetylcholine induced a marked increase in the outward currents in these cells, sensitive to the blockade of KCa 1.1, KCa 3.1 and KCa 2.3 channels respectively. Isometric myography experiments, under conditions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibition, showed that blockade either of KCa 1.1 or KCa 3.1 channels was able to reduce the endothelium-derived vasorelaxation of isolated interlobar arteries, while their combined blockade completely abolished it. In contrast, blockade of KCa 2.3 channels did not reduce this vasorelaxant response, despite being functionally expressed in the endothelial cells. CONCLUSION This study shows that KCa 1.1 and KCa 3.1 channels are functionally expressed at the renal vascular endothelium and play a central role in the EDH-mediated relaxation of kidney preglomerular arteries, which is important in the control of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estéfano Pinilla
- Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Ana Sánchez
- Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - María P. Martínez
- Department of Compared Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Mercedes Muñoz
- Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Albino García‐Sacristán
- Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Aragonese Agency for Investigation and Development & IACS/IIS Translational ResearchMiguel Servet Hospital Zaragoza Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Rivera
- Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
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Kloza M, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Toczek M, Kusaczuk M, Sadowska O, Kasacka I, Kozłowska H. Modulation of Cardiovascular Function in Primary Hypertension in Rat by SKA-31, an Activator of KCa2.x and KCa3.1 Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174118. [PMID: 31450834 PMCID: PMC6747311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic effects of SKA-31, an activator of the small (KCa2.x) and intermediate (KCa3.1) conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, and to evaluate its influence on endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-KCa2.3/KCa3.1 type relaxation in isolated endothelium-intact small mesenteric arteries (sMAs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Functional in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed on SHRs or their normotensive controls, Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). SKA-31 (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) caused a brief decrease in blood pressure and bradycardia in both SHR and WKY rats. In phenylephrine-pre-constricted sMAs of SHRs, SKA-31 (0.01–10 µM)-mediated relaxation was reduced and SKA-31 potentiated acetylcholine-evoked endothelium-dependent relaxation. Endothelium denudation and inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) by the respective inhibitors l-NAME or indomethacin, attenuated SKA-31-mediated vasorelaxation. The inhibition of KCa3.1, KCa2.3, KIR and Na+/K+-ATPase by TRAM-34, UCL1684, Ba2+ and ouabain, respectively, reduced the potency and efficacy of the EDH-response evoked by SKA-31. The mRNA expression of eNOS, prostacyclin synthase, KCa2.3, KCa3.1 and KIR were decreased, while Na+/K+-ATPase expression was increased. Collectively, SKA-31 promoted hypotension and vasodilatation, potentiated agonist-stimulated vasodilation, and maintained KCa2.3/KCa3.1-EDH-response in sMAs of SHR with downstream signaling that involved KIR and Na+/K+-ATPase channels. In view of the importance of the dysfunction of endothelium-mediated vasodilatation in the mechanism of hypertension, application of activators of KCa2.3/KCa3.1 channels such as SKA-31 seem to be a promising avenue in pharmacotherapy of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Toczek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kusaczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Olga Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
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Behringer EJ, Hakim MA. Functional Interaction among K Ca and TRP Channels for Cardiovascular Physiology: Modern Perspectives on Aging and Chronic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061380. [PMID: 30893836 PMCID: PMC6471369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective delivery of oxygen and essential nutrients to vital organs and tissues throughout the body requires adequate blood flow supplied through resistance vessels. The intimate relationship between intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and regulation of membrane potential (Vm) is indispensable for maintaining blood flow regulation. In particular, Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels were ascertained as transducers of elevated [Ca2+]i signals into hyperpolarization of Vm as a pathway for decreasing vascular resistance, thereby enhancing blood flow. Recent evidence also supports the reverse role for KCa channels, in which they facilitate Ca2+ influx into the cell interior through open non-selective cation (e.g., transient receptor potential; TRP) channels in accord with robust electrical (hyperpolarization) and concentration (~20,000-fold) transmembrane gradients for Ca2+. Such an arrangement supports a feed-forward activation of Vm hyperpolarization while potentially boosting production of nitric oxide. Furthermore, in vascular types expressing TRP channels but deficient in functional KCa channels (e.g., collecting lymphatic endothelium), there are profound alterations such as downstream depolarizing ionic fluxes and the absence of dynamic hyperpolarizing events. Altogether, this review is a refined set of evidence-based perspectives focused on the role of the endothelial KCa and TRP channels throughout multiple experimental animal models and vascular types. We discuss the diverse interactions among KCa and TRP channels to integrate Ca2+, oxidative, and electrical signaling in the context of cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Building from a foundation of cellular biophysical data throughout a wide and diverse compilation of significant discoveries, a translational narrative is provided for readers toward the treatment and prevention of chronic, age-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Behringer
- Department of Basic Sciences, 11041 Campus Street, Risley Hall, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Md A Hakim
- Department of Basic Sciences, 11041 Campus Street, Risley Hall, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Kloza M, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Malinowska B, Karpińska O, Harasim-Symbor E, Kasacka I, Kozłowska H. The influence of DOCA-salt hypertension and chronic administration of the FAAH inhibitor URB597 on KCa2.3/KCa3.1-EDH-type relaxation in rat small mesenteric arteries. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 99:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Coleman HA, Tare M, Parkington HC. Nonlinear effects of potassium channel blockers on endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:324-334. [PMID: 27639255 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In a number of published studies on endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and relaxation, the results of the effects of K+ blockers have been difficult to interpret. When the effects of two blockers have been studied, often either blocker by itself had little effect, whereas the two blockers combined tended to abolish the responses. Explanations suggested in the literature include an unusual pharmacology of the K+ channels, and possible blocker binding interactions. In contrast, when we applied the same blockers to segments of small blood vessels under voltage clamp, the blockers reduced the endothelium-dependent K+ current in a linearly additive manner. Resolution of these contrasting results is important as endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH) makes its greatest contribution to vasorelaxation in arterioles and small resistance arteries, where it can exert a significant role in tissue perfusion and blood pressure regulation. Furthermore, EDH is impaired in various diseases. Here, we consider why the voltage-clamp results differ from earlier free-running membrane potential and contractility studies. We fitted voltage-clamp-derived current-voltage relationships with mathematical functions and considered theoretically the effects of partial and total block of endothelium-derived K+ -currents on the membrane potential of small blood vessels. When the K+ -conductance was partially reduced, equivalent to applying a single blocker, the effect on EDH was small. Total block of the endothelium-dependent K+ conductance abolished the hyperpolarization, in agreement with various published studies. We conclude that nonlinear summation of the hyperpolarizing response evoked by endothelial stimulation can explain the variable effectiveness of individual K+ channel blockers on endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and resulting relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Coleman
- Department of Physiology; Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Cardiovascular Disease Program; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - M. Tare
- Department of Physiology; Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Cardiovascular Disease Program; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - H. C. Parkington
- Department of Physiology; Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Cardiovascular Disease Program; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
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Rasmussen KMB, Braunstein TH, Salomonsson M, Brasen JC, Sorensen CM. Contribution of K(+) channels to endothelium-derived hypolarization-induced renal vasodilation in rats in vivo and in vitro. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1139-1149. [PMID: 26965146 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms behind the endothelial-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-induced renal vasodilation in vivo and in vitro in rats. We assessed the role of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels and whether K(+) released from the endothelial cells activates inward rectifier K(+) (Kir) channels and/or the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Also, involvement of renal myoendothelial gap junctions was evaluated in vitro. Isometric tension in rat renal interlobar arteries was measured using a wire myograph. Renal blood flow was measured in isoflurane anesthetized rats. The EDH response was defined as the ACh-induced vasodilation assessed after inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase using L-NAME and indomethacin, respectively. After inhibition of small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (SKCa) and intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (IKCa) (by apamin and TRAM-34, respectively), the EDH response in vitro was strongly attenuated whereas the EDH response in vivo was not significantly reduced. Inhibition of Kir channels and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPases (by ouabain and Ba(2+), respectively) significantly attenuated renal vasorelaxation in vitro but did not affect the response in vivo. Inhibition of gap junctions in vitro using carbenoxolone or 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid significantly reduced the endothelial-derived hyperpolarization-induced vasorelaxation. We conclude that SKCa and IKCa channels are important for EDH-induced renal vasorelaxation in vitro. Activation of Kir channels and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPases plays a significant role in the renal vascular EDH response in vitro but not in vivo. The renal EDH response in vivo is complex and may consist of several overlapping mechanisms some of which remain obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Moller Boje Rasmussen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Renal and Vascular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hartig Braunstein
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Renal and Vascular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Max Salomonsson
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Renal and Vascular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Brasen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 349, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte Mehlin Sorensen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Renal and Vascular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Oliván-Viguera A, Valero MS, Pinilla E, Amor S, García-Villalón ÁL, Coleman N, Laría C, Calvín-Tienza V, García-Otín ÁL, Fernández-Fernández JM, Murillo MD, Gálvez JA, Díaz-de-Villegas MD, Badorrey R, Simonsen U, Rivera L, Wulff H, Köhler R. Vascular Reactivity Profile of Novel KCa 3.1-Selective Positive-Gating Modulators in the Coronary Vascular Bed. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:184-92. [PMID: 26821335 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opening of intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (KC a 3.1) produces membrane hyperpolarization in the vascular endothelium. Here, we studied the ability of two new KC a 3.1-selective positive-gating modulators, SKA-111 and SKA-121, to (1) evoke porcine endothelial cell KC a 3.1 membrane hyperpolarization, (2) induce endothelium-dependent and, particularly, endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-type relaxation in porcine coronary arteries (PCA) and (3) influence coronary artery tone in isolated rat hearts. In whole-cell patch-clamp experiments on endothelial cells of PCA (PCAEC), KC a currents evoked by bradykinin (BK) were potentiated ≈7-fold by either SKA-111 or SKA-121 (both at 1 μM) and were blocked by a KC a 3.1 blocker, TRAM-34. In membrane potential measurements, SKA-111 and SKA-121 augmented bradykinin-induced hyperpolarization. Isometric tension measurements in large- and small-calibre PCA showed that SKA-111 and SKA-121 potentiated endothelium-dependent relaxation with intact NO synthesis and EDH-type relaxation to BK by ≈2-fold. Potentiation of the BK response was prevented by KC a 3.1 inhibition. In Langendorff-perfused rat hearts, SKA-111 potentiated coronary vasodilation elicited by BK. In conclusion, our data show that positive-gating modulation of KC a 3.1 channels improves BK-induced membrane hyperpolarization and endothelium-dependent relaxation in small and large PCA as well as in the coronary circulation of rats. Positive-gating modulators of KC a 3.1 could be therapeutically useful to improve coronary blood flow and counteract impaired coronary endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Sofía Valero
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain
| | - Estéfano Pinilla
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sara Amor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nichole Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Celia Laría
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain
| | - Víctor Calvín-Tienza
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain
| | - Ángel-Luis García-Otín
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Fernández
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular i Canalopaties, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Divina Murillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A Gálvez
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María D Díaz-de-Villegas
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramón Badorrey
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Luis Rivera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Aragon Institute of Health Sciences & IIS, Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
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Köhler R, Oliván-Viguera A, Wulff H. Endothelial Small- and Intermediate-Conductance K Channels and Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization as Drug Targets in Cardiovascular Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:65-104. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Vascular dysfunctions in the isolated aorta of double-transgenic hypertensive mice developing aortic aneurysm. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1945-63. [PMID: 25385304 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-II and oxidative stress are involved in the genesis of aortic aneurysms, a phenomenon exacerbated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) deletion or uncoupling. The purpose of this work was to study the endothelial function in wild-type C57BL/6 (BL) and transgenic mice expressing the h-angiotensinogen and h-renin genes (AR) subjected to either a control, or a high-salt diet plus a treatment with a NO-synthase inhibitor, N-ω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME; BLSL and ARSL). BLSL showed a moderate increase in blood pressure, while ARSL became severely hypertensive. Seventy-five percent of ARSL developed aortic aneurysms, characterized by major histo-morphological changes and associated with an increase in NADP(H) oxidase-2 (NOX2) expression. Contractile responses (KCl, norepinephrine, U-46619) were similar in the four groups of mice, and relaxations were not affected in BLSL and AR. However, in ARSL, endothelium-dependent relaxations (acetylcholine, UK-14304) were significantly reduced, and this dysfunction was similar in aortae without or with aneurysms. The endothelial impairment was unaffected by catalase, superoxide-dismutase mimetic, radical scavengers, cyclooxygenase inhibition, or TP-receptor blockade and could not be attributed to sGC oxidation. Thus, ARSL is a severe hypertension model developing aortic aneurysm. A vascular dysfunction, involving both endothelial (reduced role of NO) and smooth muscle cells, precedes aneurysms formation and, paradoxically, does not appear to involve oxidative stress.
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