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How Nanoparticle Aerosols Transport through Multi-Stenosis Sections of Upper Airways: A CFD-DPM Modelling. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Airway stenosis is a global respiratory health problem that is caused by airway injury, endotracheal intubation, malignant tumor, lung aging, or autoimmune diseases. A precise understanding of the airflow dynamics and pharmaceutical aerosol transport through the multi-stenosis airways is vital for targeted drug delivery, and is missing from the literature. The object of this study primarily relates to behaviors and nanoparticle transport through the multi-stenosis sections of the trachea and upper airways. The combination of a CT-based mouth–throat model and Weibel’s model was adopted in the ANSYS FLUENT solver for the numerical simulation of the Euler–Lagrange (E-L) method. Comprehensive grid refinement and validation were performed. The results from this study indicated that, for all flow rates, a higher velocity was usually found in the stenosis section. The maximum velocity was found in the stenosis section having a 75% reduction, followed by the stenosis section having a 50% reduction. Increasing flow rate resulted in higher wall shear stress, especially in stenosis sections. The highest pressure was found in the mouth–throat section for all flow rates. The lowest pressure was usually found in stenosis sections, especially in the third generation. Particle escape rate was dependent on flow rate and inversely dependent on particle size. The overall deposition efficiency was observed to be significantly higher in the mouth–throat and stenosis sections compared to other areas. However, this was proven to be only the case for a particle size of 1 nm. Moreover, smaller nanoparticles were usually trapped in the mouth–throat section, whereas larger nanoparticle sizes escaped through the lower airways from the left side of the lung; this accounted for approximately 50% of the total injected particles, and 36% escaped from the right side. The findings of this study can improve the comprehensive understanding of airflow patterns and nanoparticle deposition. This would be beneficial in work with polydisperse particle deposition for treatment of comprehensive stenosis with specific drugs under various disease conditions.
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Shikuma A, Kami D, Maeda R, Suzuki Y, Sano A, Taya T, Ogata T, Konkel A, Matoba S, Schunck WH, Gojo S. Amelioration of Endotoxemia by a Synthetic Analog of Omega-3 Epoxyeicosanoids. Front Immunol 2022; 13:825171. [PMID: 35281027 PMCID: PMC8908263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.825171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response to pathogenic factors, is a difficult to treat life-threatening condition associated with cytokine and eicosanoid storms and multi-organ damage. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid, are the precursors of potent anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, including 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EEQ), the main metabolite of EPA generated by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. Searching for novel therapeutic or preventative agents in sepsis, we tested a metabolically robust synthetic analog of 17,18-EEQ (EEQ-A) for its ability to reduce mortality, organ damage, and pro-inflammatory cytokine transcript level in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia, which is closely related to sepsis. Overall survival significantly improved following preventative EEQ-A administration along with decreased transcript level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, the therapeutic protocol was effective in improving survival at 48 hours but insignificant at 72 hours. Histopathological analyses showed significant reductions in hemorrhagic and necrotic damage and infiltration in the liver. In vitro studies with THP-1 and U937 cells showed EEQ-A mediated repression of LPS-induced M1 polarization and enhancement of IL-4-induced M2 polarization of macrophages. Moreover, EEQ-A attenuated the LPS-induced decline of mitochondrial function in THP-1 cells, as indicated by increased basal respiration and ATP production as well as reduction of the metabolic shift to glycolysis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that EEQ-A has potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that may support therapeutic strategies for ameliorating the endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shikuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Arata Sano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Taya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Carnovale V, Castaldo A, Di Minno A, Gelzo M, Iacotucci P, Illiano A, Pinto G, Castaldo G, Amoresano A. Oxylipin profile in saliva from patients with cystic fibrosis reveals a balance between pro-resolving and pro-inflammatory molecules. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5838. [PMID: 35393448 PMCID: PMC8991203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are signaling molecules originated by fatty acids that modulate vascular and bronchial tone, bronchial secretion, cytokine production and immune cell activity. The unbalanced production of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving (i.e., anti-inflammatory) oxylipins has a relevant role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation like in cystic fibrosis (CF). We analyzed by LC-MRM/MS 65 oxylipins and 4 fatty acids in resting saliva from 69 patients with CF and 50 healthy subjects (controls). The salivary levels of 48/65 oxylipins were significantly different between CF patients and controls. Among these, EpETE, DHET, 6ketoPGE1 and HDHA were significantly higher in saliva from CF patients than in controls. All these molecules display anti-inflammatory effects, i.e., releasing of bronchial and vascular tone, modulation of cytokine release. While 20-hydroxyPGF2A, PGB2, EpDPE, 9 K-12-ELA, bicyclo-PGE2, oleic acid, LTC4, linoleic acid, 15oxoEDE, 20 hydroxyPGE2 and DHK-PGD2/PGE2 (mostly associated to pro-inflammatory effects) resulted significantly lower in CF patients than in controls. Our data suggest that the salivary oxylipins profile in CF patients is addressed toward a global anti-inflammatory effect. Although these findings need be confirmed on larger populations in prospective studies, they will contribute to better understand the pathogenesis of CF chronic inflammation and to drive targeted therapies based on the modulation of oxylipins synthesis and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Carnovale
- Centro Di Riferimento Regionale Fibrosi Cistica, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento Di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alice Castaldo
- Centro Di Riferimento Regionale Fibrosi Cistica, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento Di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Dipartimento Di Farmacia, Università Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Gelzo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento Di Medicina Molecolare E Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Iacotucci
- Centro Di Riferimento Regionale Fibrosi Cistica, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento Di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Illiano
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche, Università Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario "Istituto Nazionale Nazionale Biostrutture E Biosistemi (INBB)", Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche, Università Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario "Istituto Nazionale Nazionale Biostrutture E Biosistemi (INBB)", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Scarl, Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento Di Medicina Molecolare E Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche, Università Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario "Istituto Nazionale Nazionale Biostrutture E Biosistemi (INBB)", Rome, Italy
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Hara S, Tojima I, Shimizu S, Kouzaki H, Shimizu T. 17,18-Epoxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Inhibits TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Cultured Human Airway Epithelium and LPS-Induced Murine Airway Inflammation. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021; 36:106-114. [PMID: 34236247 DOI: 10.1177/19458924211027682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 17,18-Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EpETE), an eicosapentaenoic acid metabolite, is generated from dietary oil in the gut, and antiinflammatory activity of 17,18-EpETE was recently reported. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the inhibitory effects of 17,18-EpETE in airway inflammation, we examined in vitro and in vivo effects on mucus production, neutrophil infiltration, and cytokine/chemokine production in airway epithelium. METHODS Nasal tissue localization of G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), a receptor of 17,18-EpETE, was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Expression of GPR40 mRNA in nasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients and control subjects was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The in vitro effects on airway epithelial cells were examined using normal human bronchial epithelial cells and NCI-H292 cells. To examine the in vivo effects of 17,18-EpETE on airway inflammation, we induced goblet cell metaplasia, mucus production, and neutrophil infiltration in mouse nasal epithelium by intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. RESULTS GPR40 is mainly expressed in human nasal epithelial cells and submucosal gland cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of GPR40 mRNA was increased in nasal tissues from CRS patients compared with those from control subjects. 17,18-EpETE significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced production of interleukin (IL)-6 , IL-8, and mucin from cultured human airway epithelial cells dose dependently, and these antiinflammatory effects on cytokine production were abolished by GW1100, a selective GPR40 antagonist. Intraperitoneal injection or intranasal instillation of 17,18-EpETE significantly attenuated LPS-induced mucus production and neutrophil infiltration in mouse nasal epithelium. Inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids was also inhibited. CONCLUSION These results indicate that 17,18-EpETE plays a regulatory role in mucus hypersecretion and neutrophil infiltration in nasal inflammation. Local or systemic administration may provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of intractable airway disease such as CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Hara
- 13051Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tojima
- 13051Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shino Shimizu
- 13051Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kouzaki
- 13051Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- 13051Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Tu M, Wang W, Zhang G, Hammock BD. ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colonic Inflammation and Colon Cancer: Roles of Lipid-Metabolizing Enzymes Involved. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113301. [PMID: 33126566 PMCID: PMC7693568 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial human and animal studies support the beneficial effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there are inconsistent results, which have shown that ω-3 PUFAs have no effect or even detrimental effects, making it difficult to effectively implement ω-3 PUFAs for disease prevention. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of ω-3 PUFAs will help to clarify their potential health-promoting effects, provide a scientific base for cautions for their use, and establish dietary recommendations. In this review, we summarize recent studies of ω-3 PUFAs on colonic inflammation and CRC and discuss the potential roles of ω-3 PUFA-metabolizing enzymes, notably the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, in mediating the actions of ω-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Tu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (M.T.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Weicang Wang
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (M.T.); (G.Z.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-530-752-7519
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Gazzola M, Flamand N, Bossé Y. [Extracellular molecules controlling the contraction of airway smooth muscle and their potential contribution to bronchial hyperresponsiveness]. Rev Mal Respir 2020; 37:462-473. [PMID: 32487422 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A significant portion of symptoms in some lung diseases results from an excessive constriction of airways due to the contraction of smooth muscle and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. A better understanding of the extracellular molecules that control smooth muscle contractility is necessary to identify the underlying causes of the problem. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE Almost a hundred molecules, some of which newly identified, influence the contractility of airway smooth muscle. While some molecules activate the contraction, others activate the relaxation, thus acting directly as bronchoconstrictors and bronchodilators, respectively. Other molecules do not affect contraction directly but rather influence it indirectly by modifying the effect of bronchoconstrictors and bronchodilators. These are called bronchomodulators. Some of these bronchomodulators increase the contractile effect of bronchoconstrictors and could thus contribute to bronchial hyperresponsiveness. PROSPECTS Considering the high number of molecules potentially involved, as well as the level of functional overlap between some of them, identifying the extracellular molecules responsible for excessive airway constriction in a patient is a major contemporary challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Y Bossé
- Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Airflow and Particle Transport Prediction through Stenosis Airways. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031119. [PMID: 32050584 PMCID: PMC7037172 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Airflow and particle transport in the human lung system is influenced by biological and other factors such as breathing pattern, particle properties, and deposition mechanisms. Most of the studies to date have analyzed airflow characterization and aerosol transport in idealized and realistic models. Precise airflow characterization for airway stenosis in a digital reference model is lacking in the literature. This study presents a numerical simulation of airflow and particle transport through a stenosis section of the airway. A realistic CT-scan-based mouth–throat and upper airway model was used for the numerical calculations. Three different models of a healthy lung and of airway stenosis of the left and right lung were used for the calculations. The ANSYS FLUENT solver, based on the finite volume discretization technique, was used as a numerical tool. Proper grid refinement and validation were performed. The numerical results show a complex-velocity flow field for airway stenosis, where airflow velocity magnitude at the stenosis section was found to be higher than that in healthy airways. Pressure drops at the mouth–throat and in the upper airways show a nonlinear trend. Comprehensive pressure analysis of stenosis airways would increase our knowledge of the safe mechanical ventilation of the lung. The turbulence intensities at the stenosis sections of the right and left lung were found to be different. Deposition efficiency (DE) increased with flow rate and particle size. The findings of the present study increase our understanding of airflow patterns in airway stenosis under various disease conditions. More comprehensive stenosis analysis is required to further improve knowledge of the field.
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Endomorphin-2- and Neurotensin- Based Chimeric Peptide Attenuates Airway Inflammation in Mouse Model of Nonallergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235935. [PMID: 31779093 PMCID: PMC6929018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined anti-inflammatory potency of hybrid peptide-PK20, composed of neurotensin (NT) and endomorphin-2 (EM-2) pharmacophores in a murine model of non-atopic asthma induced by skin sensitization with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and intratracheal challenge of cognate hapten. Mice received intraperitoneally PK20, equimolar mixture of its structural elements (MIX), dexamethasone (DEX), or NaCl. Twenty-four hours following hapten challenge, the measurements of airway responsiveness to methacholine were taken. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) and lungs were collected for further analyses. Treatment with PK20, similarly to dexamethasone, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, concentration of mouse mast cell protease, IL-1β, IL-12p40, IL-17A, CXCL1, RANTES in lungs and IL-1α, IL-2, IL-13, and TNF-α in BALF. Simple mixture of NT and EM-2 moieties was less potent. PK20, DEX, and MIX significantly decreased malondialdehyde level and secretory phospholipase 2 activity in lungs. Intensity of NF-κB immunoreactivity was diminished only after PK20 and DEX treatments. Neither PK20 nor mixture of its pharmacophores were as effective as DEX in alleviating airway hyperresponsiveness. PK20 effectively inhibited hapten-induced inflammation and mediator and signaling pathways in a manner seen with dexamethasone. Improved anti-inflammatory potency of the hybrid over the mixture of its moieties shows its preponderance and might pose a promising tool in modulating inflammation in asthma.
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Watson JE, Kim JS, Das A. Emerging class of omega-3 fatty acid endocannabinoids & their derivatives. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 143:106337. [PMID: 31085370 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor activation is involved in homeostatic regulation of the body. These receptors are activated by cannabinoids, that include the active constituents of Cannabis sativa, as well as endocannabinoids (eCBs). The eCBs are endogenously synthesized from the omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The consumption of omega-3 fatty acids shifts the balance towards a higher proportion of omega-3 eCBs, whose physiological functions warrants further investigation. Herein, we review the discovery of omega-3 fatty acid derived eCBs that are generated from long chain omega-3 PUFAs - docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHA-EA or synaptamide), docosahexanoyl-glycerol (DHG), eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPA-EA) and eicosapentanoylglycerol (EPG). Furthermore, we outline the lesser known omega-3 eCB-like molecules that arise from the conjugation of omega-3 fatty acids with neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine - DHA-serotonin (DHA-5HT), DHA-dopamine (DHA-DA), EPA-serotonin (EPA-5HT) and EPA-dopamine (EPA-DA). Additionally, we describe the role of omega-3 eCBs and their derivatives in different disease states, such as pain, inflammation and cancer. Moreover, we detail the formation and potential physiological roles of the oxidative metabolites that arise from the metabolism of omega-3 eCBs by eicosanoid synthesizing enzymes - cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP450). In summary, we outline the novel findings regarding a growing class of signaling molecules that can control the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin S Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Aditi Das
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Urbana, IL 61802, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, Neuroscience Program, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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Mochimaru T, Fukunaga K, Miyata J, Matsusaka M, Masaki K, Kabata H, Ueda S, Suzuki Y, Goto T, Urabe D, Inoue M, Isobe Y, Arita M, Betsuyaku T. 12-OH-17,18-Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid alleviates eosinophilic airway inflammation in murine lungs. Allergy 2018; 73:369-378. [PMID: 28857178 DOI: 10.1111/all.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and obstruction with eosinophil infiltration into the airway. Arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, is metabolized into cysteinyl leukotriene with pro-inflammatory properties for allergic inflammation, whereas the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its downstream metabolites are known to have anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the counter-regulatory roles of EPA in inflamed lungs. METHODS Male C57BL6 mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA). After EPA treatment, we evaluated the cell count of Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), mRNA expressions in the lungs by q-PCR, and the amounts of lipid mediators by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based lipidomics. We investigated the effect of the metabolite of EPA by in vivo and in vitro studies. RESULTS Eicosapentaenoic acid treatment reduced the accumulation of eosinophils in the airway and decreased mRNA expression of selected inflammatory mediators in the lung. Lipidomics clarified the metabolomic profile in the lungs. Among EPA-derived metabolites, 12-hydroxy-17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-OH-17,18-EpETE) was identified as one of the major biosynthesized molecules; the production of this molecule was amplified by EPA administration and allergic inflammation. Intravenous administration of 12-OH-17,18-EpETE attenuated airway eosinophilic inflammation through downregulation of C-C chemokine motif 11 (CCL11) mRNA expression in the lungs. In vitro, this molecule also inhibited the release of CCL11 from human airway epithelial cells stimulated with interleukin-4. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that EPA alleviated airway eosinophilic inflammation through its conversion into bioactive metabolites. Additionally, our results suggest that 12-OH-17,18-EpETE is a potential therapeutic target for the management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Mochimaru
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Medicine; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Medicine; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - J. Miyata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Medicine; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Matsusaka
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Medicine; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Masaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Medicine; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Kabata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Medicine; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Ueda
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Medicine; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Suzuki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Medicine; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Goto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center; Shionogi & Co. Ltd.; Osaka Japan
| | - D. Urabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Isobe
- Laboratory for Metabolomics; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences; Kanagawa Japan
| | - M. Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences; Kanagawa Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science; Yokohama City University; Kanagawa Japan
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism; Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Betsuyaku
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine; Department of Medicine; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
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Therapeutic potential of omega-3 fatty acid-derived epoxyeicosanoids in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:177-204. [PMID: 29080699 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous benefits have been attributed to dietary long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs), including protection against cardiac arrhythmia, triglyceride-lowering, amelioration of inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review covers recent findings indicating that a variety of these beneficial effects are mediated by "omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids", a class of novel n-3 LC-PUFA-derived lipid mediators, which are generated via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase pathway. CYP enzymes, previously identified as arachidonic acid (20:4n-6; AA) epoxygenases, accept eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA), the major fish oil n-3 LC-PUFAs, as efficient alternative substrates. In humans and rodents, dietary EPA/DHA supplementation causes a profound shift of the endogenous CYP-eicosanoid profile from AA- to EPA- and DHA-derived metabolites, increasing, in particular, the plasma and tissue levels of 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EEQ) and 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (19,20-EDP). Based on preclinical studies, these omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids display cardioprotective, vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic properties that contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs in diverse disease conditions ranging from cardiac disease, bronchial disorders, and intraocular neovascularization, to allergic intestinal inflammation and inflammatory pain. Increasing evidence also suggests that background nutrition as well as genetic and disease state-related factors could limit the response to EPA/DHA-supplementation by reducing the formation and/or enhancing the degradation of omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids. Recently, metabolically robust synthetic analogs mimicking the biological activities of 17,18-EEQ have been developed. These drug candidates may overcome limitations of dietary EPA/DHA supplementation and provide novel options for the treatment of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.
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Jamieson KL, Endo T, Darwesh AM, Samokhvalov V, Seubert JM. Cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids and heart function. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:47-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Khaddaj-Mallat R, Sirois C, Sirois M, Rizcallah E, Marouan S, Morin C, Rousseau É. Pro-Resolving Effects of Resolvin D2 in LTD4 and TNF-α Pre-Treated Human Bronchi. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167058. [PMID: 27935998 PMCID: PMC5148597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a major burden in respiratory diseases, resulting in airway hyperresponsiveness. Our hypothesis is that resolution of inflammation may represent a long-term solution in preventing human bronchial dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of RvD2, a member of the D-series resolving family, with concomitant effects on ASM mechanical reactivity. The role and mode of action of RvD2 were assessed in an in vitro model of human bronchi under pro-inflammatory conditions, induced either by 1 μM LTD4 or 10 ng/ml TNF-α pre-treatment for 48h. TNF-α and LTD4 both induced hyperreactivity in response to pharmacological stimuli. Enhanced 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) detection was documented in LTD4 or TNF-α pre-treated human bronchi when compared to control (untreated) human bronchi. In contrast, RvD2 treatments reversed 5-LOX/β-actin and CysLTR1/β-actin ratios and decreased the phosphorylation levels of AP-1 subunits (c-Fos, c-Jun) and p38-MAP kinase, while increasing the detection of the ALX/FPR2 receptor. Moreover, various pharmacological agents revealed the blunting effects of RvD2 on LTD4 or TNF-α induced hyper-responsiveness. Combined treatment with 300 nM RvD2 and 1 μM WRW4 (an ALX/FPR2 receptor inhibitor) blunted the pro-resolving and broncho-modulatory effects of RvD2. The present data provide new evidence regarding the role of RvD2 in a human model of airway inflammation and hyperrresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Khaddaj-Mallat
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Sirois
- Service of Thoracic Surgery, CHUS Felurimont, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Sirois
- Service of Thoracic Surgery, CHUS Felurimont, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edmond Rizcallah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sofia Marouan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Morin
- Nursery School, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric Rousseau
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Novel n-3 PUFA monoacylglycerides of pharmacological and medicinal interest: Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 792:70-77. [PMID: 27818127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Newly-synthesized, eicosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-EPA), docosahexaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DPA) have been demonstrated to display beneficial effects in several disorders including chronic airway inflammatory diseases, pulmonary hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and lung and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Recent evidence reveals that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) precursors provide a window to explore the pathobiology of inflammatory disease as well as structural templates for the design of novel pro-resolving precursors that are well absorbed by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and metabolized into bioactive metabolites. These metabolites are found in blood circulation and tissues thereby mediating numerous immuno-modulatory effects through the activation of specific receptors. Bioactive metabolites regulate cell membrane functions, lipid signaling and gene expressions encoding for enzymes responsible for lipid storage and fatty acid metabolism. This review highlights recent experimental findings regarding n-3 PUFA monoacylglyceride research, as well as the pharmacological and medicinal relevance of these stereospecific derivatives in the resolution of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Khaddaj-Mallat R, Hiram R, Sirois C, Sirois M, Rizcallah E, Marouan S, Morin C, Rousseau É. MAG-DPA curbs inflammatory biomarkers and pharmacological reactivity in cytokine-triggered hyperresponsive airway models. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00263. [PMID: 28097001 PMCID: PMC5226286 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial inflammation contributes to a sustained elevation of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma. Conversely, omega-3 fatty acid derivatives have been shown to resolve inflammation in various tissues. Thus, the effects of docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DPA) were assessed on inflammatory markers and reactivity of human distal bronchi as well as in a cultured model of guinea pig tracheal rings. Human bronchi were dissected and cultured for 48 h with 10 ng/mL TNF-α or IL-13. Guinea pig tracheas were maintained in organ culture for 72 h which was previously shown to trigger spontaneous AHR. All tissues were treated with increasing concentrations of MAG-DPA (0.1, 0.3, and 1 μmol/L). Pharmacomechanical reactivity, Ca2+ sensitivity, and western blot analysis for specific phosphoproteins and transcription factors were performed to assess the effects of both cytokines, alone or in combination with MAG-DPA, on human and guinea pig airway preparations. Although 0.1 μmol/L MAG-DPA did not significantly reduce inflammatory biomarkers, the higher concentrations of MAG-DPA (0.3 and 1 μmol/L) blunted the activation of the TNF-α/NF κB pathway and abolished COX-2 expression in human and guinea pig tissues. Moreover, 0.3 and 1 μmol/L MAG-DPA consistently decreased the Ca2+ sensitivity and pharmacological reactivity of cultured bronchial explants. Furthermore, in human bronchi, IL-13-stimulated phosphorylation of CPI-17 was reversed by 1 μmol/L MAG-DPA. This effect was further amplified in the presence of 100 μmol/L aspirin. MAG-DPA mediates antiphlogistic effects by increasing the resolution of inflammation, while resetting Ca2+ sensitivity and contractile reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Khaddaj-Mallat
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Chantal Sirois
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Service of Thoracic Surgery Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Marco Sirois
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Service of Thoracic Surgery Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Edmond Rizcallah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Pathology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Sofia Marouan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Pathology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Caroline Morin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Éric Rousseau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
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