1
|
Mathot E, Liberman K, Cao Dinh H, Njemini R, Bautmans I. Systematic review on the effects of physical exercise on cellular immunosenescence-related markers - An update. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111318. [PMID: 33794319 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a remodeling of the immune system occurring with aging that leads to an increased susceptibility to auto-immunity, infections and reduced vaccination response. A growing consensus supports the view that physical exercise may counteract immunosenescence and improve the immune response. Unfortunately, evidence regarding the effects of exercise on markers of cellular immunosenescence lacked uniformity at the time of an extensive literature review in 2016. Moreover, exercise-induced effects in older adults were underrepresented compared to young adults or completely lacking, such as for senescent T-cells and apoptosis of T-lymphocytes. The aim of this systematic literature study was to collect and appraise newly available data regarding exercise-induced changes on immunosenescence-related markers of immune cells and compare this against data that was already available in 2016. Systematic reviewing of newly available data in the field of exercise immunology provides additional evidence for the effect of exercise on immunosenescence-related cellular markers. Importantly, this review provides evidence for the effect of long-term exercise on senescent T-lymphocytes in older adults. Additionally, newly retrieved evidence shows an acute exercise-induced mobilization of naïve and memory cells in older adults. In general, data regarding long-term exercise-induced effects in older adults remain scarce. Noteworthy was the high number of articles describing exercise-induced effects on regulatory T-cells. However exercise-induced effects on this cell type are still inconclusive as some articles reported an exercise-induced up- or downregulation, while others reported no effects at all. Numerous studies on Natural Killer cell counts did not provide uniformity among data that was already available. Recent data regarding dendritic cells mostly described an increase after exercise. Overall, our literature update highlights the major influence of the type and intensity of exercise on immunosenescence-related markers, especially in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emelyn Mathot
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keliane Liberman
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hung Cao Dinh
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Internal Medicine Department, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Urban MH, Mayr AK, Schmidt I, Margulies E, Grasmuk-Siegl E, Burghuber OC, Funk GC. Induction of dynamic hyperinflation by expiratory resistance breathing in healthy subjects - an efficacy and safety study. Exp Physiol 2020; 106:532-543. [PMID: 33174314 PMCID: PMC7894562 DOI: 10.1113/ep088439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? The study aimed to establish a novel model to study the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)‐related cardiopulmonary effects of dynamic hyperinflation in healthy subjects. What is the main finding and its importance? A model of expiratory resistance breathing (ERB) was established in which dynamic hyperinflation was induced in healthy subjects, expressed both by lung volumes and intrathoracic pressures. ERB outperformed existing methods and represents an efficacious model to study cardiopulmonary mechanics of dynamic hyperinflation without potentially confounding factors as present in COPD.
Abstract Dynamic hyperinflation (DH) determines symptoms and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The induction of DH is used to study cardiopulmonary mechanics in healthy subjects without COPD‐related confounders like inflammation, hypoxic vasoconstriction and rarefication of pulmonary vasculature. Metronome‐paced tachypnoea (MPT) has proven effective in inducing DH in healthy subjects, but does not account for airflow limitation. We aimed to establish a novel model incorporating airflow limitation by combining tachypnoea with an expiratory airway stenosis. We investigated this expiratory resistance breathing (ERB) model in 14 healthy subjects using different stenosis diameters to assess a dose–response relationship. Via cross‐over design, we compared ERB to MPT in a random sequence. DH was quantified by inspiratory capacity (IC, litres) and intrinsic positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEPi, cmH2O). ERB induced a stepwise decreasing IC (means (95% CI): tidal breathing: 3.66 (3.45–3.88), ERB 3 mm: 3.33 (1.75–4.91), 2 mm: 2.05 (0.76–3.34), 1.5 mm: 0.73 (0.12–1.58) litres) and increasing PEEPi (tidal breathing: 0.70 (0.50–0.80), ERB 3 mm: 11.1 (7.0–15.2), 2 mm: 22.3 (17.1–27.6), 1.5 mm: 33.4 (3.40–63) cmH2O). All three MPT patterns increased PEEPi, but to a far lesser extent than ERB. No adverse events during ERB were noted. In conclusion, ERB was proven to be a safe and efficacious model for the induction of DH and might be used for the investigation of cardiopulmonary interaction in healthy subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Helmut Urban
- Department of Internal and Respiratory Medicine, Krankenhaus Nord - Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria.,Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Katharina Mayr
- Department of Internal and Respiratory Medicine, Krankenhaus Nord - Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria.,Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Schmidt
- Department of Internal and Respiratory Medicine, Krankenhaus Nord - Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Erwin Grasmuk-Siegl
- Department of Internal and Respiratory Medicine, Krankenhaus Nord - Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria.,Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Chris Burghuber
- Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Vienna, Austria.,Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg-Christian Funk
- Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal and Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tillmans F, Sharghi R, Noy T, Kähler W, Klapa S, Sartisohn S, Sebens S, Koch A. Effect of hyperoxia on the immune status of oxygen divers and endurance athletes. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:522-534. [PMID: 31117828 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1612890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity, particularly that, exerted by endurance athletes, impacts the immune status of the human body. Prolonged duration and high-intensity endurance training lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby to oxidative stress. Military combat swimmers (O2-divers) are regularly exposed to hyperbaric hyperoxia (HBO) in addition to intensive endurance training intervals. They are, therefore, exposed to extreme levels of oxidative stress. Several studies support that the intensity of oxidative stress essentially determines the effect on immune status. The aim of this study was to comparatively characterise peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of O2-divers (military combat swimmers), endurance athletes (amateur triathletes), and healthy control volunteers with respect to DNA fragmentation, immune status and signs of inflammation. Furthermore, it was investigated how PBMCs from these groups responded acutely to exposure to HBO. We showed that DNA fragmentation was comparable in PBMCs of all three groups under basal conditions directly after HBO exposure. However, significantly higher DNA fragmentation was observed in O2-divers 18 hours after HBO, possibly indicating a slower recovery. O2-divers also exhibited a proinflammatory immune status exemplified by an elevated number of CD4+CD25+ T cells, elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-12, and diminished expression of anti-inflammatory TGF-β1 compared to controls. Supported by a decreased basal gene expression and prolonged upregulation of anti-oxidative HO-1, these data suggest that higher oxidative stress levels, as present under intermitted hyperbaric hyperoxia, e.g. through oxygen diving, promote a higher inflammatory immune status than oxidative stress through endurance training alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Tillmans
- a Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine , Kronshagen , Germany
| | - Roshanak Sharghi
- b Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | - Tatjana Noy
- a Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine , Kronshagen , Germany
| | - Wataru Kähler
- a Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine , Kronshagen , Germany
| | - Sebastian Klapa
- a Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine , Kronshagen , Germany
| | - Simon Sartisohn
- a Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine , Kronshagen , Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- b Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | - Andreas Koch
- a Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine , Kronshagen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|