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Chichorro JG, Gambeta E, Baggio DF, Zamponi GW. Voltage-gated Calcium Channels as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Migraine. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104514. [PMID: 38522594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex and highly incapacitating neurological disorder that affects around 15% of the general population with greater incidence in women, often at the most productive age of life. Migraine physiopathology is still not fully understood, but it involves multiple mediators and events in the trigeminovascular system and the central nervous system. The identification of calcitonin gene-related peptide as a key mediator in migraine physiopathology has led to the development of effective and highly selective antimigraine therapies. However, this treatment is neither accessible nor effective for all migraine sufferers. Thus, a better understanding of migraine mechanisms and the identification of potential targets are still clearly warranted. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are widely distributed in the trigeminovascular system, and there is accumulating evidence of their contribution to the mechanisms associated with headache pain. Several drugs used in migraine abortive or prophylactic treatment target VGCCs, which probably contributes to their analgesic effect. This review aims to summarize the current evidence of VGGC contribution to migraine physiopathology and to discuss how current pharmacological options for migraine treatment interfere with VGGC function. PERSPECTIVE: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) represents a major migraine mediator, but few studies have investigated the relationship between CGRP and VGCCs. CGRP release is calcium channel-dependent and VGGCs are key players in familial migraine. Further studies are needed to determine whether VGCCs are suitable molecular targets for treating migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G Chichorro
- Biological Sciences Sector, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Eder Gambeta
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darciane F Baggio
- Biological Sciences Sector, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Raslan IR, Silva TYT, Kok F, Rodrigues MM, Aragão MM, Pinho RS, França MC, Barsottini OG, Pedroso JL. Clinical and Genetic Characterization of a Cohort of Brazilian Patients With Congenital Ataxia. Neurol Genet 2024; 10:e200153. [PMID: 38681507 PMCID: PMC11052569 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Congenital ataxias are rare hereditary disorders characterized by hypotonia and developmental motor delay in the first few months of life, followed by cerebellar ataxia in early childhood. The course of the disease is predominantly nonprogressive, and many patients are incorrectly diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Despite significant advancements in next-generation sequencing in the past few decades, a specific genetic diagnosis is seldom obtained in cases of congenital ataxia. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical, radiologic, and genetic features of a cohort of Brazilian patients with congenital ataxia. Methods Thirty patients with a clinical diagnosis of congenital ataxia were enrolled in this study. Clinical and demographic features and neuroimaging studies were analyzed. Genetic testing (whole-exome sequencing) was also performed. Results A heterogeneous pattern of genetic variants was detected. Eighteen genes were involved: ALDH5A1, BRF1, CACNA1A CACNA1G, CC2D2A, CWF19L1, EXOSC3, ITPR1, KIF1A, MME, PEX10, SCN2A, SNX14, SPTBN2, STXBP1, TMEM240, THG1L, and TUBB4A. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants involving 11 genes (ALDH5A1, CACNA1A, EXOSC3, MME, ITPR1, KIF1A, STXBP1, SNX14, SPTBN2, TMEM240, and TUBB4A) were identified in 46.7% of patients. Variants of uncertain significance involving 8 genes were detected in 33.3% of patients. Congenital ataxias were characterized by a broad phenotype. A genetic diagnosis was more often obtained in patients with cerebellar-plus syndrome than in patients with a pure cerebellar syndrome. Discussion This study re-emphasizes the genetic heterogeneity of congenital ataxias and the absence of a clear phenotype-genotype relationship. A specific genetic diagnosis was established in 46.7% of patients. Autosomal dominant, associated with sporadic cases, was recognized as an important genetic inheritance. The results of this analysis highlight the value of whole-exome sequencing as an efficient screening tool in patients with congenital ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana R Raslan
- From the Department of Ataxia Unit of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) (I.R.R., T.Y.T.S., O.G.B., J.L.P.); Neurology Department (F.K.), Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo and Mendelics; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.M.R., M.M.A., R.S.P.), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); and Department of Neurology (M.C.F.), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Thiago Yoshinaga Tonholo Silva
- From the Department of Ataxia Unit of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) (I.R.R., T.Y.T.S., O.G.B., J.L.P.); Neurology Department (F.K.), Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo and Mendelics; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.M.R., M.M.A., R.S.P.), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); and Department of Neurology (M.C.F.), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Fernando Kok
- From the Department of Ataxia Unit of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) (I.R.R., T.Y.T.S., O.G.B., J.L.P.); Neurology Department (F.K.), Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo and Mendelics; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.M.R., M.M.A., R.S.P.), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); and Department of Neurology (M.C.F.), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Rodrigues
- From the Department of Ataxia Unit of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) (I.R.R., T.Y.T.S., O.G.B., J.L.P.); Neurology Department (F.K.), Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo and Mendelics; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.M.R., M.M.A., R.S.P.), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); and Department of Neurology (M.C.F.), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Aragão
- From the Department of Ataxia Unit of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) (I.R.R., T.Y.T.S., O.G.B., J.L.P.); Neurology Department (F.K.), Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo and Mendelics; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.M.R., M.M.A., R.S.P.), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); and Department of Neurology (M.C.F.), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Pinho
- From the Department of Ataxia Unit of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) (I.R.R., T.Y.T.S., O.G.B., J.L.P.); Neurology Department (F.K.), Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo and Mendelics; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.M.R., M.M.A., R.S.P.), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); and Department of Neurology (M.C.F.), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Marcondes C França
- From the Department of Ataxia Unit of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) (I.R.R., T.Y.T.S., O.G.B., J.L.P.); Neurology Department (F.K.), Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo and Mendelics; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.M.R., M.M.A., R.S.P.), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); and Department of Neurology (M.C.F.), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Orlando G Barsottini
- From the Department of Ataxia Unit of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) (I.R.R., T.Y.T.S., O.G.B., J.L.P.); Neurology Department (F.K.), Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo and Mendelics; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.M.R., M.M.A., R.S.P.), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); and Department of Neurology (M.C.F.), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedroso
- From the Department of Ataxia Unit of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) (I.R.R., T.Y.T.S., O.G.B., J.L.P.); Neurology Department (F.K.), Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo and Mendelics; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.M.R., M.M.A., R.S.P.), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); and Department of Neurology (M.C.F.), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
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Szymanowicz O, Drużdż A, Słowikowski B, Pawlak S, Potocka E, Goutor U, Konieczny M, Ciastoń M, Lewandowska A, Jagodziński PP, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. A Review of the CACNA Gene Family: Its Role in Neurological Disorders. Diseases 2024; 12:90. [PMID: 38785745 PMCID: PMC11119137 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium channels are specialized ion channels exhibiting selective permeability to calcium ions. Calcium channels, comprising voltage-dependent and ligand-gated types, are pivotal in neuronal function, with their dysregulation is implicated in various neurological disorders. This review delves into the significance of the CACNA genes, including CACNA1A, CACNA1B, CACNA1C, CACNA1D, CACNA1E, CACNA1G, and CACNA1H, in the pathogenesis of conditions such as migraine, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, dystonia, and cerebellar atrophy. Specifically, variants in CACNA1A have been linked to familial hemiplegic migraine and epileptic seizures, underscoring its importance in neurological disease etiology. Furthermore, different genetic variants of CACNA1B have been associated with migraine susceptibility, further highlighting the role of CACNA genes in migraine pathology. The complex relationship between CACNA gene variants and neurological phenotypes, including focal seizures and ataxia, presents a variety of clinical manifestations of impaired calcium channel function. The aim of this article was to explore the role of CACNA genes in various neurological disorders, elucidating their significance in conditions such as migraine, epilepsy, and cerebellar ataxias. Further exploration of CACNA gene variants and their interactions with molecular factors, such as microRNAs, holds promise for advancing our understanding of genetic neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Szymanowicz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Artur Drużdż
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital in Poznan, 61-285 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Sandra Pawlak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Ewelina Potocka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Ulyana Goutor
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Mateusz Konieczny
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Małgorzata Ciastoń
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Aleksandra Lewandowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Paweł P. Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (O.S.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (U.G.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.L.)
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Fox PM, Malepati S, Manaster L, Rossignol E, Noebels JL. Developing a pathway to clinical trials for CACNA1A-related epilepsies: A patient organization perspective. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN RARE DISEASE 2024; 5:26330040241245725. [PMID: 38681799 PMCID: PMC11047245 DOI: 10.1177/26330040241245725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
CACNA1A-related disorders are rare neurodevelopmental disorders linked to variants in the CACNA1A gene. This gene encodes the α1 subunit of the P/Q-type calcium channel Cav2.1, which is globally expressed in the brain and crucial for fast synaptic neurotransmission. The broad spectrum of CACNA1A-related neurological disorders includes developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, familial hemiplegic migraine type 1, episodic ataxia type 2, spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, together with unclassified presentations with developmental delay, ataxia, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and language impairment. The severity of each disorder is also highly variable. The spectrum of CACNA1A-related seizures is broad across both loss-of-function and gain-of-function variants and includes absence seizures, focal seizures with altered consciousness, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, tonic seizures, status epilepticus, and infantile spasms. Furthermore, over half of CACNA1A-related epilepsies are refractory to current therapies. To date, almost 1700 CACNA1A variants have been reported in ClinVar, with over 400 listed as Pathogenic or Likely Pathogenic, but with limited-to-no clinical or functional data. Robust genotype-phenotype studies and impacts of variants on protein structure and function have also yet to be established. As a result, there are few definitive treatment options for CACNA1A-related epilepsies. The CACNA1A Foundation has set out to change the landscape of available and effective treatments and improve the quality of life for those living with CACNA1A-related disorders, including epilepsy. Established in March 2020, the Foundation has built a robust preclinical toolbox that includes patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and novel disease models, launched clinical trial readiness initiatives, and organized a global CACNA1A Research Network. This Research Network is currently composed of over 60 scientists and clinicians committed to collaborating to accelerate the path to CACNA1A-specific treatments and one day, a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pangkong M. Fox
- CACNA1A Foundation, Inc., 31 Pt Road, Norwalk, CT 06854, USA
| | | | | | - Elsa Rossignol
- CACNA1A Foundation, Inc., Norwalk, CT, USA
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L. Noebels
- CACNA1A Foundation, Inc., Norwalk, CT, USA
- Blue Bird Circle Developmental Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
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Kramer AA, Bennett DF, Barañano KW, Bannister RA. A neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a dysfunctional CACNA1A allele. eNeurologicalSci 2023; 31:100456. [PMID: 36938367 PMCID: PMC10020665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2023.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
P/Q-type Ca2+ flux into nerve terminals via CaV2.1 channels is essential for neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junctions and nearly all central synapses. Mutations in CACNA1A, the gene encoding CaV2.1, cause a spectrum of pediatric neurological disorders. We have identified a patient harboring an autosomal-dominant de novo frameshift-causing nucleotide duplication in CACNA1A (c.5018dupG). The duplicated guanine precipitated 43 residues of altered amino acid sequence beginning with a glutamine to serine substitution in CaV2.1 at position 1674 ending with a premature stop codon (CaV2.1 p.Gln1674Serfs*43). The patient presented with episodic downbeat vertical nystagmus, hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay and febrile seizures. In patch-clamp experiments, no Ba2+ current was observed in tsA-201 cells expressing CaV2.1 p.Gln1674Serfs*43 with β4 and α2δ-1 auxiliary subunits. The ablation of divalent flux in response to depolarization was likely attributable to the inability of CaV2.1 p.Gln1674Serfs*43 to form a complete channel pore. Our results suggest that the pathology resulting from this frameshift-inducing nucleotide duplication is a consequence of an effective haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra A. Kramer
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Corresponding authors at: National Institutes of Health, Center for Scientific Review, Division of Neuroscience, Development and Aging, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Daniel F. Bennett
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kristin W. Barañano
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Suite 2158, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Roger A. Bannister
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Corresponding authors at: National Institutes of Health, Center for Scientific Review, Division of Neuroscience, Development and Aging, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Riant F, Burglen L, Corpechot M, Robert J, Durr A, Solé G, Petit F, Freihuber C, De Marco O, Sarret C, Castelnovo G, Devillard F, Afenjar A, Héron B, Lasserve ET. Characterization of novel CACNA1A splice variants by RNA-sequencing in patients with episodic or congenital ataxia. Clin Genet 2023. [PMID: 37177896 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Loss of function variants in CACNA1A cause a broad spectrum of neurological disorders, including episodic ataxia, congenital or progressive ataxias, epileptic manifestations or developmental delay. Variants located on the AG/GT consensus splice sites are usually considered as responsible of splicing defects, but exonic or intronic variants located outside of the consensus splice site can also lead to abnormal splicing. We investigated the putative consequences on splicing of 11 CACNA1A variants of unknown significance (VUS) identified in patients with episodic ataxia or congenital ataxia. In silico splice predictions were performed and RNA obtained from fibroblasts was analyzed by Sanger sequencing. The presence of abnormal transcripts was confirmed in 10/11 patients, nine of them were considered as deleterious and one remained of unknown significance. Targeted next-generation RNA sequencing was done in a second step to compare the two methods. This method was successful to obtain the full cDNA sequence of CACNA1A. Despite the presence of several isoforms in the fibroblastic cells, it detected most of the abnormally spliced transcripts. In conclusion, RNA sequencing was efficient to confirm the pathogenicity of nine novel CACNA1A variants. Sanger or Next generation methods can be used depending on the facilities and organization of the laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Riant
- AP-HP, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Département de Génétique et Embryologie Médicale, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Michaelle Corpechot
- AP-HP, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Julien Robert
- AP-HP, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Solé
- Service de Neurologie, Unité Neuromusculaire, CHU de Bordeaux - Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florence Petit
- CHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique Guy Fontaine, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Freihuber
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Olivier De Marco
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital de La Roche sur Yon, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Catherine Sarret
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Estaing, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Françoise Devillard
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Département de Génétique et Embryologie Médicale, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Héron
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
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Chen X, Chen S, Li Z, Zhu R, Jia Z, Ban J, Zhen R, Chen X, Pan X, Ren Q, Yue L, Niu S. Effect of semaglutide and empagliflozin on cognitive function and hippocampal phosphoproteomic in obese mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:975830. [PMID: 37007007 PMCID: PMC10063902 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.975830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Based on the 4D label-free phosphoproteomic technique, we examined the differences in cognitive function and hippocampal phosphorylated protein expression in high-fat diet-induced obese mice after the intervention of semaglutide and empagliflozin, as well as the effects of both on protein activity and function in obese mice’s hippocampal tissues and the signaling pathways involved.Methods: Thirty-two C57BL/6JC male mice were assigned to two groups randomly: A control group (group C, 10% of energy is from fat, n = 8) and a high-fat diet group (group H, 60% of energy is from fat, n = 24). The high-fat diet-induced obese mice were screened after 12 weeks of feeding based on the criterion that the bodyweight of mice in fat rich diet group was greater than or equal to 20% of the average body weight of the mice in the blank control group. Group H separate into group H (n = 8), group Semaglutide (group S, n = 8), and group empagliflozin (group E, n = 8). For a total of 12 weeks, group S received 30 nmol/kg/d bodyweight of semaglutide intraperitoneally, group E received 10 mg/kg/d bodyweight of empagliflozin via gavage, and groups C and H received equal amounts of saline by intraperitoneal injection and gavage. At the end of treatment, the mice were appraised for cognitive function employing the Morris water maze (MWM), and serum fasting glucose, lipids, and inflammatory parameters were measured. The 4D label-free phosphoproteomics method was employed to screen the differential phosphoproteins and loci in hippocampal tissues of mice in different treatment groups, and bioinformatics was used to analyze the biological processes, signaling pathways, and related protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of these differentially phosphorylated proteins.Results: In comparison to normal controls, The escape latency of obese mice induced by high-fat diet was prolonged, the percentage of swimming time in the target quadrant was reduced, and the number of times of crossing the platform was reduced, whereas semaglutide and empagliflozin treatment reduced escape latency, increase the percentage of swim time in the target quadrant and increase the frequency of passing through the platform area, although there is little difference in the effect of the two drugs. The phosphoproteomic results showed 20,493 unique phosphorylated peptides, representing 21,239 phosphorylation sites and 4,290 phosphorylated proteins. Further analysis revealed that the proteins corresponding to these differentially phosphorylated sites are jointly distributed in signaling pathways such as dopaminergic synapses and axon guidance, and are involved in biological processes such as neuronal projection development, synaptic plasticity, and axonogenesis. Notably, the key factors voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D (CACNA1D), voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A (CACNA1A), and voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B (CACNA1B) were all found to be involved in the dopaminergic synapse pathway, and their expression was upregulated by semaglutide and empagliflozin.Conclusion: We found for the first time that a high-fat diet decreased CACNA1D, CACNA1A, and CACNA1B protein serine phosphorylation, which may affect neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function in mice. Notably, semaglutide and empagliflozin increased the phosphorylation of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuchun Chen,
| | - Zelin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhuoya Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingjuan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shu Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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8
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Folacci M, Estaran S, Ménard C, Bertaud A, Rousset M, Roussel J, Thibaud JB, Vignes M, Chavanieu A, Charnet P, Cens T. Functional Characterization of Four Known Cav2.1 Variants Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:96. [PMID: 36676903 PMCID: PMC9864995 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cav2.1 channels are expressed throughout the brain and are the predominant Ca2+ channels in the Purkinje cells. These cerebellar neurons fire spontaneously, and Cav2.1 channels are involved in the regular pacemaking activity. The loss of precision of the firing pattern of Purkinje cells leads to ataxia, a disorder characterized by poor balance and difficulties in performing coordinated movements. In this study, we aimed at characterizing functional and structural consequences of four variations (p.A405T in I-II loop and p.R1359W, p.R1667W and p.S1799L in IIIS4, IVS4, and IVS6 helices, respectively) identified in patients exhibiting a wide spectrum of disorders including ataxia symptoms. Functional analysis using two major Cav2.1 splice variants (Cav2.1+e47 and Cav2.1-e47) in Xenopus laevis oocytes, revealed a lack of effect upon A405T substitution and a significant loss-of-function caused by R1359W, whereas R1667W and S1799L caused both channel gain-of-function and loss-of-function, in a splice variant-dependent manner. Structural analysis revealed the loss of interactions with S1, S2, and S3 helices upon R1359W and R1667W substitutions, but a lack of obvious structural changes with S1799L. Computational modeling suggests that biophysical changes induced by Cav2.1 pathogenic mutations might affect action potential frequency in Purkinje cells.
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9
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Indelicato E, Boesch S. CACNA1A-Related Channelopathies: Clinical Manifestations and Treatment Options. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 279:227-248. [PMID: 36592223 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, variants in the Ca2+ channel gene CACNA1A emerged as a frequent aetiology of rare neurological phenotypes sharing a common denominator of variable paroxysmal manifestations and chronic cerebellar dysfunction. The spectrum of paroxysmal manifestations encompasses migraine with hemiplegic aura, episodic ataxia, epilepsy and paroxysmal non-epileptic movement disorders. Additional chronic neurological symptoms range from severe developmental phenotypes in early-onset cases to neurobehavioural disorders and chronic cerebellar ataxia in older children and adults.In the present review we systematically approach the clinical manifestations of CACNA1A variants, delineate genotype-phenotype correlations and elaborate on the emerging concept of an age-dependent phenotypic spectrum in CACNA1A disease. We furthermore reflect on different therapy options available for paroxysmal symptoms in CACNA1A and address open issues to prioritize in the future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Indelicato
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Han H, McGivney BA, Allen L, Bai D, Corduff LR, Davaakhuu G, Davaasambuu J, Dorjgotov D, Hall TJ, Hemmings AJ, Holtby AR, Jambal T, Jargalsaikhan B, Jargalsaikhan U, Kadri NK, MacHugh DE, Pausch H, Readhead C, Warburton D, Dugarjaviin M, Hill EW. Common protein-coding variants influence the racing phenotype in galloping racehorse breeds. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1320. [PMID: 36513809 PMCID: PMC9748125 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for system-wide morphological, physiological, and metabolic adaptations has led to extreme athletic phenotypes among geographically diverse horse breeds. Here, we identify genes contributing to exercise adaptation in racehorses by applying genomics approaches for racing performance, an end-point athletic phenotype. Using an integrative genomics strategy to first combine population genomics results with skeletal muscle exercise and training transcriptomic data, followed by whole-genome resequencing of Asian horses, we identify protein-coding variants in genes of interest in galloping racehorse breeds (Arabian, Mongolian and Thoroughbred). A core set of genes, G6PC2, HDAC9, KTN1, MYLK2, NTM, SLC16A1 and SYNDIG1, with central roles in muscle, metabolism, and neurobiology, are key drivers of the racing phenotype. Although racing potential is a multifactorial trait, the genomic architecture shaping the common athletic phenotype in horse populations bred for racing provides evidence for the influence of protein-coding variants in fundamental exercise-relevant genes. Variation in these genes may therefore be exploited for genetic improvement of horse populations towards specific types of racing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haige Han
- grid.411638.90000 0004 1756 9607Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Beatrice A. McGivney
- grid.496984.ePlusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, A96 W5T3 Ireland
| | - Lucy Allen
- grid.417905.e0000 0001 2186 5933Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, Gloucestershire GL7 6JS UK
| | - Dongyi Bai
- grid.411638.90000 0004 1756 9607Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Leanne R. Corduff
- grid.496984.ePlusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, A96 W5T3 Ireland
| | - Gantulga Davaakhuu
- grid.425564.40000 0004 0587 3863Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Peace Avenue 54B, Ulaanbaatar, 13330 Mongolia
| | - Jargalsaikhan Davaasambuu
- Ajnai Sharga Horse Racing Team, Encanto Town 210-11, Ikh Mongol State Street, 26th Khoroo, Bayanzurkh district Ulaanbaatar, 13312 Mongolia
| | - Dulguun Dorjgotov
- grid.440461.30000 0001 2191 7895School of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, 661 Mongolia
| | - Thomas J. Hall
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8 Ireland
| | - Andrew J. Hemmings
- grid.417905.e0000 0001 2186 5933Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, Gloucestershire GL7 6JS UK
| | - Amy R. Holtby
- grid.496984.ePlusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, A96 W5T3 Ireland
| | - Tuyatsetseg Jambal
- grid.440461.30000 0001 2191 7895School of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, 661 Mongolia
| | - Badarch Jargalsaikhan
- grid.444534.60000 0000 8485 883XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 14210 Mongolia
| | - Uyasakh Jargalsaikhan
- Ajnai Sharga Horse Racing Team, Encanto Town 210-11, Ikh Mongol State Street, 26th Khoroo, Bayanzurkh district Ulaanbaatar, 13312 Mongolia
| | - Naveen K. Kadri
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Animal Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David E. MacHugh
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8 Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8 Ireland
| | - Hubert Pausch
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Animal Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carol Readhead
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - David Warburton
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA
| | - Manglai Dugarjaviin
- grid.411638.90000 0004 1756 9607Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Emmeline W. Hill
- grid.496984.ePlusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, A96 W5T3 Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8 Ireland
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11
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Complex effects on Ca V2.1 channel gating caused by a CACNA1A variant associated with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9186. [PMID: 35655070 PMCID: PMC9163077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
P/Q-type Ca2+ currents mediated by CaV2.1 channels are essential for active neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junctions and many central synapses. Mutations in CACNA1A, the gene encoding the principal CaV2.1 α1A subunit, cause a broad spectrum of neurological disorders. Typically, gain-of-function (GOF) mutations are associated with migraine and epilepsy while loss-of-function (LOF) mutations are causative for episodic and congenital ataxias. However, a cluster of severe CaV2.1 channelopathies have overlapping presentations which suggests that channel dysfunction in these disorders cannot always be defined bimodally as GOF or LOF. In particular, the R1667P mutation causes focal seizures, generalized hypotonia, dysarthria, congenital ataxia and, in one case, cerebral edema leading ultimately to death. Here, we demonstrate that the R1667P mutation causes both channel GOF (hyperpolarizing voltage-dependence of activation, slowed deactivation) and LOF (slowed activation kinetics) when expressed heterologously in tsA-201 cells. We also observed a substantial reduction in Ca2+ current density in this heterologous system. These changes in channel gating and availability/expression manifested in diminished Ca2+ flux during action potential-like stimuli. However, the integrated Ca2+ fluxes were no different when normalized to tail current amplitude measured upon repolarization from the reversal potential. In summary, our findings indicate a complex functional effect of R1667P and support the idea that pathological missense mutations in CaV2.1 may not represent exclusively GOF or LOF.
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12
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Genetic paroxysmal neurological disorders featuring episodic ataxia and epilepsy. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Alehabib E, Esmaeilizadeh Z, Ranji-Burachaloo S, Tafakhori A, Darvish H, Movafagh A. Clinical and molecular spectrum of P/Q type calcium channel Cav2.1 in epileptic patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:461. [PMID: 34727962 PMCID: PMC8562004 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by the potential to induce seizure and accompanied by cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. CACNA1A gene is a voltage-gated P/Q-type Cav2.1 channel that is broadly expressed in the central nervous system, and the pathogenic variants within this gene may be associated with the epileptic phenotype. In the present study, we collected clinical and molecular data related to epileptic patients with CACNA1A pathogenic variants and investigated possible meaningful relationship between age at onset, neurodevelopmental disorders, type of seizures, brain imaging abnormalities, genotype, and protein domains. Results In our retrospective literature studies, from among 890 articles reviewed, a total of 90 individuals were related to epilepsy phenotype. Our findings showed that about 90 percent of patients have shown the first symptoms in childhood and teenage years and different types of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual disability, developmental arrest, and behavioral disorders, have been common findings for these patients. Further, a wide range of abnormalities have been observed in their brain imaging, and generalized seizures have been the most type of seizures in these patients. However, our data showed no specific genotype–phenotype correlation in epileptic patients with CACNA1A pathogenic alterations. Conclusions Our study focused on epileptic phenotype in patients with CACNA1A pathogenic variants and showed a wide range of clinical and molecular heterogeneity with no specific genotype–phenotype correlation. It seems that incomplete penetrance, de-novo variants, and modifier genes are obstacles in predicting the clinical outcome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-02101-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Alehabib
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Esmaeilizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Ranji-Burachaloo
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Arteche-López A, Álvarez-Mora MI, Sánchez Calvin MT, Lezana Rosales JM, Palma Milla C, Gómez Rodríguez MJ, Gomez Manjón I, Blázquez A, Juarez Rufián A, Ramos Gómez P, Sierra Tomillo O, Hidalgo Mayoral I, Pérez de la Fuente R, Posada Rodríguez IJ, González Granado LI, Martin MA, Quesada-Espinosa JF, Moreno-García M. Biallelic variants in genes previously associated with dominant inheritance: CACNA1A, RET and SLC20A2. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1520-1526. [PMID: 34267336 PMCID: PMC8484357 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of families with co-dominant or recessive inheritance has been described in several genes previously associated with dominant inheritance. Those recessive families displayed similar, more severe, or even completely different phenotypes to their dominant counterparts. We report the first patients harboring homozygous disease-related variants in three genes that were previously associated with dominant inheritance: a loss-of-function variant in the CACNA1A gene and two missense variants in the RET and SLC20A2 genes, respectively. All patients presented with a more severe clinical phenotype than the corresponding typical dominant form. We suggest that co-dominant or recessive inheritance for these three genes could explain the phenotypic differences from those documented in their cognate dominant phenotypes. Our results reinforce that geneticists should be aware of the possible different forms of inheritance in genes when WES variant interpretation is performed. We also evidence the need to refine phenotypes and inheritance patterns associated with genes in order to avoid failures during WES analysis and thus, raising the WES diagnostic capacity in the benefit of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Arteche-López
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - MI. Álvarez-Mora
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain ,grid.428756.a0000 0004 0412 0974Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - MT. Sánchez Calvin
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - JM. Lezana Rosales
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Palma Milla
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. J. Gómez Rodríguez
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Gomez Manjón
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Blázquez
- Mitochondrial and Neurometabolic Diseases Lab. Biochemistry Department, ‘12 de Octubre’ Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Juarez Rufián
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Ramos Gómez
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - O. Sierra Tomillo
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Hidalgo Mayoral
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Pérez de la Fuente
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - IJ. Posada Rodríguez
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Neurology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - LI. González Granado
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Pediatrics Department, Immunodeficiency Unit, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Complutense University School of Medicine. Madrid, Spain and ‘12 de Octubre’ Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martin
- Mitochondrial and Neurometabolic Diseases Lab. Biochemistry Department, ‘12 de Octubre’ Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - JF. Quesada-Espinosa
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Moreno-García
- grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Genetics Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Boscia F, Elkjaer ML, Illes Z, Kukley M. Altered Expression of Ion Channels in White Matter Lesions of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: What Do We Know About Their Function? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:685703. [PMID: 34276310 PMCID: PMC8282214 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.685703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), knowledge about contribution of individual ion channels to axonal impairment and remyelination failure in progressive MS remains incomplete. Ion channel families play a fundamental role in maintaining white matter (WM) integrity and in regulating WM activities in axons, interstitial neurons, glia, and vascular cells. Recently, transcriptomic studies have considerably increased insight into the gene expression changes that occur in diverse WM lesions and the gene expression fingerprint of specific WM cells associated with secondary progressive MS. Here, we review the ion channel genes encoding K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Cl- channels; ryanodine receptors; TRP channels; and others that are significantly and uniquely dysregulated in active, chronic active, inactive, remyelinating WM lesions, and normal-appearing WM of secondary progressive MS brain, based on recently published bulk and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing datasets. We discuss the current state of knowledge about the corresponding ion channels and their implication in the MS brain or in experimental models of MS. This comprehensive review suggests that the intense upregulation of voltage-gated Na+ channel genes in WM lesions with ongoing tissue damage may reflect the imbalance of Na+ homeostasis that is observed in progressive MS brain, while the upregulation of a large number of voltage-gated K+ channel genes may be linked to a protective response to limit neuronal excitability. In addition, the altered chloride homeostasis, revealed by the significant downregulation of voltage-gated Cl- channels in MS lesions, may contribute to an altered inhibitory neurotransmission and increased excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Louise Elkjaer
- Neurology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Neurology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Kukley
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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16
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Albamonte E, Barp A, Duga V, Carraro E, Passarini A, Bergamoni S, Maggi L, Sansone VA. Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine Type 1 and Congenital Ataxia due to a Single Amino Acid Deletion (ΔF1502) in CACNA1A: A Challenging Diagnosis. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMutations in the CACNA1A gene have been classically related to three neurologic disorders: hemiplegic migraine type 1 (both familiar and sporadic FHM1/SHM1), episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2), and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6). More recently, pathogenic variants in CACNA1A have been recognized as causative of an early-onset cerebellar syndrome consistent with the definition of congenital ataxia (CA), variably associated with paroxysmal symptoms. Early recognition of congenital ataxia is challenging because the presenting symptoms, such as hypotonia, weak deep tendon reflexes, and delayed motor milestones, are unspecific while clear signs of a cerebellar syndrome which are usually not seen before the second or third year. Here, we report on a case of nonepisodic ataxia of congenital onset and severe SHM1 where the diagnosis of congenital ataxia was made retrospectively after the identification of the ΔF1502 pathogenic variant in CACNA1A by an hemiplegic migraine multigene panel, conducted for the onset of hemiplegic migraine attacks associated with hemispheric swelling. A significant reduction in migraine attacks frequency was achieved with acetazolamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Albamonte
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre, The NeMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Barp
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre, The NeMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Duga
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute Foundation “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Carraro
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre, The NeMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Passarini
- Child Neurology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute Foundation “Carlo Besta,” Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Ada Sansone
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre, The NeMO Clinical Center in Milan, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Striessnig J. Voltage-Gated Ca 2+-Channel α1-Subunit de novo Missense Mutations: Gain or Loss of Function - Implications for Potential Therapies. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:634760. [PMID: 33746731 PMCID: PMC7966529 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.634760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes our current knowledge of human disease-relevant genetic variants within the family of voltage gated Ca2+ channels. Ca2+ channelopathies cover a wide spectrum of diseases including epilepsies, autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disabilities, developmental delay, cerebellar ataxias and degeneration, severe cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, eye disease and endocrine disorders such as congential hyperinsulinism and hyperaldosteronism. A special focus will be on the rapidly increasing number of de novo missense mutations identified in the pore-forming α1-subunits with next generation sequencing studies of well-defined patient cohorts. In contrast to likely gene disrupting mutations these can not only cause a channel loss-of-function but can also induce typical functional changes permitting enhanced channel activity and Ca2+ signaling. Such gain-of-function mutations could represent therapeutic targets for mutation-specific therapy of Ca2+-channelopathies with existing or novel Ca2+-channel inhibitors. Moreover, many pathogenic mutations affect positive charges in the voltage sensors with the potential to form gating-pore currents through voltage sensors. If confirmed in functional studies, specific blockers of gating-pore currents could also be of therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Striessnig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Gandini MA, Souza IA, Ferron L, Innes AM, Zamponi GW. The de novo CACNA1A pathogenic variant Y1384C associated with hemiplegic migraine, early onset cerebellar atrophy and developmental delay leads to a loss of Cav2.1 channel function. Mol Brain 2021; 14:27. [PMID: 33557884 PMCID: PMC7871581 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CACNA1A pathogenic variants have been linked to several neurological disorders including familial hemiplegic migraine and cerebellar conditions. More recently, de novo variants have been associated with severe early onset developmental encephalopathies. CACNA1A is highly expressed in the central nervous system and encodes the pore-forming CaVα1 subunit of P/Q-type (Cav2.1) calcium channels. We have previously identified a patient with a de novo missense mutation in CACNA1A (p.Y1384C), characterized by hemiplegic migraine, cerebellar atrophy and developmental delay. The mutation is located at the transmembrane S5 segment of the third domain. Functional analysis in two predominant splice variants of the neuronal Cav2.1 channel showed a significant loss of function in current density and changes in gating properties. Moreover, Y1384 variants exhibit differential splice variant-specific effects on recovery from inactivation. Finally, structural analysis revealed structural damage caused by the tyrosine substitution and changes in electrostatic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gandini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ivana A Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Laurent Ferron
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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19
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Serrano M. Stroke-Like Episodes in PMM2-CDG: When the Lack of Other Evidence Is the Only Evidence. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:717864. [PMID: 34708008 PMCID: PMC8542667 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.717864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency (PMM2-CDG) is the most frequent congenital disorder of glycosylation. PMM2-CDG patients develop chronic cerebellar atrophy as a neurological hallmark. However, other acute neurological phenomena such as stroke-like episodes (SLE), epilepsy, migraine, and cerebrovascular events, may also occur, and they are frequently the cause of disability and impaired quality of life. Among these, SLE are among the most stressful situations for families and doctors, as their risk factors are not known, their underlying pathomechanisms remain undiscovered, and clinical guidelines for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment are lacking. In this paper, the recent SLE experiences of two PMM2-CDG patients are examined to provide clinical clues to help improve diagnosis through a clinical constellation of symptoms and a clinical definition, but also to support a neuroelectrical hypothesis as an underlying mechanism. An up-to-date literature review will help to identify evidence-based and non-evidence-based management recommendations. Presently neuropediatricians and neurologists are not capable of diagnosing stroke-like episodes in an unequivocal way, so there is still a need to perform invasive studies (to rule out other acute diseases) that may, in the end, prove unnecessary or even harmful. However, reaching a correct and early diagnosis would lead not only to avoidance of invasive tests but also to better recognition, management, and understanding of the disease itself. There is a great need for understanding of SLE that may ultimately be very informative for the detection of patients at risk, and the future development of preventive and management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Serrano
- Department of Neuropediatric, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,U-703 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Jacobs EZ, Brown K, Byler MC, D'haenens E, Dheedene A, Henderson LB, Humberson JB, van Jaarsveld RH, Kanani F, Lebel RR, Millan F, Oegema R, Oostra A, Parker MJ, Rhodes L, Saenz M, Seaver LH, Si Y, Vanlander A, Vergult S, Callewaert B. Expanding the molecular spectrum and the neurological phenotype related to CAMTA1 variants. Clin Genet 2020; 99:259-268. [PMID: 33131045 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The CAMTA1-associated phenotype was initially defined in patients with intragenic deletions and duplications who showed nonprogressive congenital ataxia, with or without intellectual disability. Here, we describe 10 individuals with CAMTA1 variants: nine previously unreported (likely) pathogenic variants comprising one missense, four frameshift and four nonsense variants, and one missense variant of unknown significance. Six patients were diagnosed following whole exome sequencing and four individuals with exome-based targeted panel analysis. Most of them present with developmental delay, manifesting in speech and motor delay. Other frequent findings are hypotonia, cognitive impairment, cerebellar dysfunction, oculomotor abnormalities, and behavioral problems. Feeding problems occur more frequently than previously observed. In addition, we present a systematic review of 19 previously published individuals with causal variants, including copy number, truncating, and missense variants. We note a tendency of more severe cognitive impairment and recurrent dysmorphic features in individuals with a copy number variant. Pathogenic variants are predominantly observed in and near the N- and C- terminal functional domains. Clinical heterogeneity is observed, but 3'-terminal variants seem to associate with less pronounced cerebellar dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Z Jacobs
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Brown
- University of Colorado, Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa C Byler
- Division of Development, Behavior and Genetics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erika D'haenens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jennifer B Humberson
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Children's Hospital, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Farah Kanani
- Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert Roger Lebel
- Division of Development, Behavior and Genetics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Oostra
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Margarita Saenz
- University of Colorado, Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laurie H Seaver
- Medical Genetics and Genomics, Spectrum Health Helen Devos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Yue Si
- GeneDx, Inc. Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Arnaud Vanlander
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vergult
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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