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Mohammadalikhani S, Ghanati F, Hajebrahimi Z, Sharifi M. Molecular and biochemical modifications of suspension-cultured tobacco cell walls after exposure to alternative gravity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 176:1-7. [PMID: 35180456 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a flexible physical barrier surrounding the cell which functions in growth and differentiation, signaling, and response to environmental stimuli including the Earth gravity force. In the present study, structural and molecular modifications of cell wall components of cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Burley 21) cells under alternative gravity conditions induced by 7 days exposure to 2-D clinostat have been investigated. In comparison with the control group, clinorotation significantly increased biomass but reduced the total amounts of wall and the contents of cellulose, pectin, uronic acidic, and xyloglucan. Gene expression of H+-ATPase was not changed but of expansin A reduced in clinostat-treated cells. However, the gene expression and activity of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolases (XTH; EC 2.4.1.207) and endo-(1,4)-β-D-glucanase (EGase; EC 3.2.1.4), the amount of arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), and the expression of wall-associated kinase (WAK) gene significantly increased by clinorotation. Altered gravity also reduced the activity of polyphenol oxidase and covalently bound peroxidase. The results suggest that altered gravity promoted orchestrated changes of wall-modifying genes and proteins which reduced its stiffness and enhanced cell expansion and division potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Mohammadalikhani
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), POB, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), POB, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hajebrahimi
- A&S Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), POB, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
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HSFA2 Functions in the Physiological Adaptation of Undifferentiated Plant Cells to Spaceflight. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020390. [PMID: 30658467 PMCID: PMC6359015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat Shock Factor A2 (HsfA2) is part of the Heat Shock Factor (HSF) network, and plays an essential role beyond heat shock in environmental stress responses and cellular homeostatic control. Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures derived from wild type (WT) ecotype Col-0 and a knockout line deficient in the gene encoding HSFA2 (HSFA2 KO) were grown aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to ascertain whether the HSF network functions in the adaptation to the novel environment of spaceflight. Microarray gene expression data were analyzed using a two-part comparative approach. First, genes differentially expressed between the two environments (spaceflight to ground) were identified within the same genotype, which represented physiological adaptation to spaceflight. Second, gene expression profiles were compared between the two genotypes (HSFA2 KO to WT) within the same environment, which defined genes uniquely required by each genotype on the ground and in spaceflight-adapted states. Results showed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) define the HSFA2 KO cells' physiological state irrespective of the environment, and likely resulted from a deficiency in the chaperone-mediated protein folding machinery in the mutant. Results further suggested that additional to its universal stress response role, HsfA2 also has specific roles in the physiological adaptation to spaceflight through cell wall remodeling, signal perception and transduction, and starch biosynthesis. Disabling HsfA2 altered the physiological state of the cells, and impacted the mechanisms induced to adapt to spaceflight, and identified HsfA2-dependent genes that are important to the adaption of wild type cells to spaceflight. Collectively these data indicate a non-thermal role for the HSF network in spaceflight adaptation.
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Frolov A, Didio A, Ihling C, Chantzeva V, Grishina T, Hoehenwarter W, Sinz A, Smolikova G, Bilova T, Medvedev S. The effect of simulated microgravity on the Brassica napus seedling proteome. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:440-452. [PMID: 32290983 DOI: 10.1071/fp16378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude and the direction of the gravitational field represent an important environmental factor affecting plant development. In this context, the absence or frequent alterations of the gravity field (i.e. microgravity conditions) might compromise extraterrestrial agriculture and hence space inhabitation by humans. To overcome the deleterious effects of microgravity, a complete understanding of the underlying changes on the macromolecular level is necessary. However, although microgravity-related changes in gene expression are well characterised on the transcriptome level, proteomic data are limited. Moreover, information about the microgravity-induced changes in the seedling proteome during seed germination and the first steps of seedling development is completely missing. One of the valuable tools to assess gravity-related issues is 3D clinorotation (i.e. rotation in two axes). Therefore, here we address the effects of microgravity, simulated by a two-axial clinostat, on the proteome of 24- and 48-h-old seedlings of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The liquid chromatography-MS-based proteomic analysis and database search revealed 95 up- and 38 downregulated proteins in the tryptic digests obtained from the seedlings subjected to simulated microgravity, with 42 and 52 annotations detected as being unique for 24- and 48-h treatment times, respectively. The polypeptides involved in protein metabolism, transport and signalling were annotated as the functional groups most strongly affected by 3-D clinorotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, DE 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Anna Didio
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, DE 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, DE 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Veronika Chantzeva
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, RU 199034, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Grishina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, RU 199034, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Proteome Analytics Research Group, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, DE 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, DE 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, RU 199034, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, DE 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, RU 199034, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Tan C, Wang H, Zhang Y, Qi B, Xu G, Zheng H. A proteomic approach to analyzing responses of Arabidopsis thaliana root cells to different gravitational conditions using an agravitropic mutant, pin2 and its wild type. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:72. [PMID: 22085406 PMCID: PMC3228730 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Root gravitropsim has been proposed to require the coordinated, redistribution of the plant signaling molecule auxin within the root meristem, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. PIN proteins are membrane transporters that mediate the efflux of auxin from cells. The PIN2 is important for the basipetal transport of auxin in roots and plays a critical role in the transmission of gravity signals perceived in the root cap to the root elongation zone. The loss of function pin2 mutant exhibits a gravity-insensitive root growth phenotype. By comparing the proteomes of wild type and the pin2 mutant root tips under different gravitational conditions, we hope to identify proteins involved in the gravity-related signal transduction. Results To identify novel proteins involved in the gravity signal transduction pathway we have carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis pin2 mutant and wild type (WT) roots subjected to different gravitational conditions. These conditions included horizontal (H) and vertical (V) clinorotation, hypergravity (G) and the stationary control (S). Analysis of silver-stained two-dimensional SDS-PAGE gels revealed 28 protein spots that showed significant expression changes in altered gravity (H or G) compared to control roots (V and S). Whereas the majority of these proteins exhibited similar expression patterns in WT and pin2 roots, a significant number displayed different patterns of response between WT and pin2 roots. The latter group included 11 protein spots in the H samples and two protein spots in the G samples that exhibited an altered expression exclusively in WT but not in pin2 roots. One of these proteins was identified as annexin2, which was induced in the root cap columella cells under altered gravitational conditions. Conclusions The most interesting observation in this study is that distinctly different patterns of protein expression were found in WT and pin2 mutant roots subjected to altered gravity conditions. The data also demonstrate that PIN2 mutation not only affects the basipetal transport of auxin to the elongation zone, but also results in an altered expression of proteins in the root columella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tan
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Soh H, Auh C, Soh WY, Han K, Kim D, Lee S, Rhee Y. Gene expression changes in Arabidopsis seedlings during short- to long-term exposure to 3-D clinorotation. PLANTA 2011; 234:255-70. [PMID: 21416242 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (cv. Columbia) were used to evaluate dynamic transcriptional-level genome responses to simulated microgravity condition created by 3-D clinorotation. The DNA chip data analysis showed that the plant may respond to simulated microgravity by dynamic induction (up- and down-regulations) of the responsive genes in the genome. The qRT-PCR results on the investigated genes showed that the expression patterns of the genes (molecular response) were generally similar to the physiological response patterns detected in stress-challenged plants. Expression patterns were categorized into short or continual up- or down-regulated patterns, as well as stochastic changes from short- to long-term simulated microgravity stress. The induced genes are then assumed to establish a new molecular plasticity to the newly adjusted genome status in the basic milieu of maintaining homeostasis during the process of adaptation to simulated microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuncheol Soh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
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Matía I, González-Camacho F, Herranz R, Kiss JZ, Gasset G, van Loon JJWA, Marco R, Javier Medina F. Plant cell proliferation and growth are altered by microgravity conditions in spaceflight. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:184-93. [PMID: 19864040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were sent to space and germinated in orbit. Seedlings grew for 4d and were then fixed in-flight with paraformaldehyde. The experiment was replicated on the ground in a Random Positioning Machine, an effective simulator of microgravity. In addition, samples from a different space experiment, processed in a similar way but fixed in glutaraldehyde, including a control flight experiment in a 1g centrifuge, were also used. In all cases, comparisons were performed with ground controls at 1g. Seedlings grown in microgravity were significantly longer than the ground 1g controls. The cortical root meristematic cells were analyzed to investigate the alterations in cell proliferation and cell growth. Proliferation rate was quantified by counting the number of cells per millimeter in the specific cell files, and was found to be higher in microgravity-grown samples than in the control 1g. Cell growth was appraised through the rate of ribosome biogenesis, assessed by morphological and morphometrical parameters of the nucleolus and by the levels of the nucleolar protein nucleolin. All these parameters showed a depletion of the rate of ribosome production in microgravity-grown samples versus samples grown at 1g. The results show that growth in microgravity induces alterations in essential cellular functions. Cell growth and proliferation, which are strictly associated functions under normal ground conditions, appeared divergent after gravity modification; proliferation was enhanced, whereas growth was depleted. We suggest that the cause of these changes could be an alteration in the cell cycle regulation, at the levels of checkpoints regulating cell cycle progression, leading to a shortened G2 period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Matía
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Azri W, Chambon C, Herbette S, Brunel N, Coutand C, Leplé JC, Ben Rejeb I, Ammar S, Julien JL, Roeckel-Drevet P. Proteome analysis of apical and basal regions of poplar stems under gravitropic stimulation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 136:193-208. [PMID: 19453506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gravity is a constant force guiding the direction of plant growth. In young poplar stem, reorientation of the apical region is mainly obtained by differential growth of elongating primary tissues. At the base, where elongation is achieved but where the cambium is active, reorientation is due to asymmetrical formation of reaction wood. After 45 min of gravistimulation, the stem showed no reorientation, but 1 week later, reaction wood was observed at the base of the stem. To determine the molecular mechanisms taking place at the top and base of the stem, after 45 min or 1 week of inclination, the changes induced in protein accumulation were studied by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and quantitatively analyzed using image analysis software. Around 300 protein spots were reproducibly detected and analyzed. Forty percent of these proteins showed significant changes after inclination. Mass spectrometry analysis of 135 spots led to the identification of 60 proteins involved in a wide range of activities and metabolisms. Very different patterns of protein expression were obtained according to conditions tested, highlighting the complexity of gravitropic responses. Our results suggest that primary and secondary tissues present specific mechanisms to sense reorientation and to respond to inclination. Some selected proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Azri
- Université Blaise Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, 24 av des Landais, F-63177 Aubière, France
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Barjaktarović Ž, Schütz W, Madlung J, Fladerer C, Nordheim A, Hampp R. Changes in the effective gravitational field strength affect the state of phosphorylation of stress-related proteins in callus cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:779-89. [PMID: 19129159 PMCID: PMC2652066 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study it was shown that callus cell cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana respond to changes in gravitational field strengths by changes in protein expression. Using ESI-MS/MS for proteins with differential abundance after separation by 2D-PAGE, 28 spots which changed reproducibly and significantly in amount (P <0.05) after 2 h of hypergravity (18 up-regulated, 10 down-regulated) could be identified. The corresponding proteins were largely involved in stress responses, including the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, these investigations are extended to phosphorylated proteins. For this purpose, callus cell cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana were exposed to hypergravity (8 g) and simulated weightlessness (random positioning; RP) for up to 30 min, a period of time which yielded the most reliable data. The first changes, however, were visible as early as 10 min after the start of treatment. In comparison to 1 g controls, exposure to hypergravity resulted in 18 protein spots, and random positioning in 25, respectively, with increased/decreased signal intensity by at least 2-fold (P <0.05). Only one spot (alanine aminotransferase) responded the same way under both treatments. After 30 min of RP, four spots appeared, which could not be detected in control samples. Among the protein spots altered in phosphorylation, it was possible to identify 24 from those responding to random positioning and 12 which responded to 8 g. These 12 proteins (8 g) are partly (5 out of 12) the same as those changed in expression after exposure to 2 h of hypergravity. The respective proteins are involved in scavenging and detoxification of ROS (32%), primary metabolism (20.5%), general signalling (14.7%), protein translation and proteolysis (14.7%), and ion homeostasis (8.8%). Together with our recent data on protein expression, it is assumed that changes in gravitational fields induce the production of ROS. Our data further indicate that responses toward RP are more by post-translational protein modulation (most changes in the degree of phosphorylation occur under RP-treatment) than by protein expression (hypergravity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Žarko Barjaktarović
- University of Tübingen, Botany Institute, Physiological Ecology of Plants, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schütz
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Proteom Centrum Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Madlung
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Proteom Centrum Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Fladerer
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Proteom Centrum Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Nordheim
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Proteom Centrum Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hampp
- University of Tübingen, Botany Institute, Physiological Ecology of Plants, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Sobol MA, González-Camacho F, Kordyum EL, Medina FJ. Nucleolar proteins change in altered gravity. J Appl Biomed 2007. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2007.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Sobol M, Gonzalez-Camacho F, Rodríguez-Vilariño V, Kordyum E, Medina FJ. Subnucleolar location of fibrillarin and NopA64 in Lepidium sativum root meristematic cells is changed in altered gravity. PROTOPLASMA 2006; 228:209-19. [PMID: 16838080 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-006-0157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillarin and the plant nucleolin homolog NopA64 are two important nucleolar proteins involved in pre-rRNA processing. In order to determine the effects of the altered gravity environment on the nucleolus, we have investigated the location of fibrillarin and NopA64 in nucleolar subcomponents of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) root meristematic cells grown under clinorotation, which reproduces an important feature of microgravity, namely, the absence of the orienting action of a gravity vector, and compared it to the location in control cells grown in normal 1 g conditions. Prior to these experiments, we report here the characterization of cress fibrillarin as a 41 kDa protein which can be isolated from meristematic cells in three nuclear fractions, namely, the soluble ribonucleoprotein fraction, the chromatin fraction, and the nuclear-matrix fraction. Furthermore, as reported for other species, the location of both fibrillarin and NopA64 in the cress cell nucleolus was in zones known to contain complex ribonucleoprotein particles involved in early pre-rRNA processing, i.e., processomes. Under altered gravity, a decrease in the quantity of both fibrillarin and NopA64 compared to controls was observed in the transition zone between fibrillar centers and the dense fibrillar component, as well as in the bulk of the dense fibrillar component. These data suggest that altered (reduced) gravity results in a lowered level of functional activity in the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sobol
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Hogg BV, Cullimore JV, Ranjeva R, Bono JJ. The DMI1 and DMI2 early symbiotic genes of medicago truncatula are required for a high-affinity nodulation factor-binding site associated to a particulate fraction of roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 140:365-73. [PMID: 16377749 PMCID: PMC1326057 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.068981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of the legume-rhizobia symbiosis between Medicago spp. and Sinorhizobium meliloti is dependent on the production of sulfated lipo-chitooligosaccharidic nodulation (Nod) factors by the bacterial partner. In this article, using a biochemical approach to characterize putative Nod factor receptors in the plant host, we describe a high-affinity binding site (Kd = 0.45 nm) for the major Nod factor produced by S. meliloti. This site is termed Nod factor-binding site 3 (NFBS3). NFBS3 is associated to a high-density fraction prepared from roots of Medicago truncatula and shows binding specificity for lipo-chitooligosaccharidic structures. As for the previously characterized binding sites (NFBS1 and NFBS2), NFBS3 does not recognize the sulfate group on the S. meliloti Nod factor. Studies of Nod factor binding in root extracts of early symbiotic mutants of M. truncatula reveals that the new site is present in Nod factor perception and does not make infections 3 (dmi3) mutants but is absent in dmi1 and dmi2 mutants. Roots and cell cultures of all these mutants still contain sites similar to NFBS1 and NFBS2, respectively. These results suggest that NFBS3 is different from NFBS2 and NFBS1 and is dependent on the common symbiotic genes DMI1 and DMI2 required for establishment of symbioses with both rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The potential role of this site in the establishment of root endosymbioses is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget V Hogg
- Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5546 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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12
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Wojtaszek P, Anielska-Mazur A, Gabryś H, Baluška F, Volkmann D. Recruitment of myosin VIII towards plastid surfaces is root-cap specific and provides the evidence for actomyosin involvement in root osmosensing. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2005; 32:721-736. [PMID: 32689170 DOI: 10.1071/fp05004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2004] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The existence of a cell wall-plasma membrane-cytoskeleton (WMC) continuum in plants has long been postulated. However, the individual molecules building such a continuum are still largely unknown. We test here the hypothesis that the integrin-based multiprotein complexes of animal cells have been replaced in plants with more dynamic entities. Using an experimental approach based on protoplast digestion mixtures, and utilising specific antibodies against Arabidopsis ATM1 myosin, we reveal possible roles played by plant-specific unconventional myosin VIII in the functioning of WMC continuum. We demonstrate rapid relocation (less than 5 min) of myosin VIII to statolith surfaces in maize root-cap cells, which is accompanied by the reorganisation of actin cytoskeleton. Upon prolonged stimulation, myosin VIII is also recruited to plasmodesmata and pit-fields of plasmolysing root cap statocytes. The osmotic stimulus is the major factor inducing relocation, but the cell wall-cytoskeleton interactions also play an important role. In addition, we demonstrate the tight association of myosin VIII with the surfaces of chloroplasts, and provide an indication for the differences in the mechanisms of plastid movement in roots and leaves of plants. Overall, our data provide evidence for the active involvement of actomyosin complexes, rooted in the WMC continuum, in the cellular volume control and maintenance of spatial relationships between cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Wojtaszek
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Anielska-Mazur
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Gabryś
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Volkmann
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Kamada M, Higashitani A, Ishioka N. Proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis root gravitropism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.2187/bss.19.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shevchenko GV, Kordyum EL. Organization of cytoskeleton during differentiation of gravisensitive root sites under clinorotation. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2005; 35:289-95. [PMID: 15934208 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Key role in cell gravisensing is attributed to the actin cytoskeleton which acts as a mediator in signaling reactions, including graviperception. Despite of increased attention to the actin cytoskeleton, major gaps in our understanding of its functioning in plant gravisensing still remain. To fill these gaps, we propose a novel approach focused on the investigation of actin involvement in the development of columella cells and cells in the transition zone of roots submitted to clinorotation. Both statocytes and cells in the transition zone represent the postmitotic cells which take origin in root meristems and are specified into graviperceptive (root cap) and gravireacting (transition zone) root tissues. The aim of the research was to investigate and compare the microfilament arrangements in root cap statocytes and peripheral root tissues (epidermis and cortex cells) in the transition zone and to find out how the actin cytoskeleton is involved in their specification under clinostat conditions. So far, our experiments have shown that under clinorotation the cytoplasmic microfilament network in the cortex cells in the transition zone is significantly enhanced. It is suggested that more abundant cytoplasmic microfilaments could strengthen the cortical actin cytoskeleton arranged parallel with the cortical microtubules, which are found to be partially disorganized in this area. Due to microtubule disorganization, the functioning of cellulose-synthesizing machinery and proper deposition of cell wall might be affected and could cause the alterations in the growth mode. But, in our case growth of the cells in the transition zone under clinorotation was rather stable. Due to our opinion, general stability of cell growth under clinorotation is promoted by mutual functional interrelation between actin and tubulin cytoskeletons. It is suggested that a strengthened cortical actin cytoskeleton restricts the cell growth instead of disorganized microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Shevchenko
- Institute of Botany, Cell Biology Department, Kiev, Ukraine.
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