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Zhang FJ, Xie YH, Jiang H, Wang X, Hao YJ, Zhang Z, You CX. The ankyrin repeat-containing protein MdANK2B regulates salt tolerance and ABA sensitivity in Malus domestica. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:405-419. [PMID: 33331953 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ankyrin repeat-containing protein MdANK2B was identified to contribute to increasing resistance to salt stress and decreasing sensitivity to ABA in Malus domestica. Ankyrin (ANK) repeat-containing proteins occur widely in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and even in some viruses and play a critical role in plant growth and development, as well as the response to biotic and abiotic stress. However, the function of ANK repeat-containing proteins in apple (Malus domestica) has not yet been investigated. Here, we identified apple MdANK2B based on homology analysis with the Arabidopsis ANK repeat-containing proteins AtAKR2A and AtAKR2B. MdANK2B was found to be localized in the cytoplasm, and its encoding gene was highly expressed in both apple leaves and fruits. In addition, MdANK2B gene expression was highly induced by salt stresses and abscisic acid (ABA). Overexpression of MdANK2B increased resistance to salt stress and decreased sensitivity to ABA in both transgenic apple calli and seedlings. In addition, overexpression of MdANK2B reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to salt stress. Our data revealed the role of MdANK2B in response to salt stress and ABA treatment in apple, which widens the known functions of ANK repeat-containing proteins in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yin-Huan Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yang ling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenlu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Ahuja I, Kissen R, Hoang L, Sporsheim B, Halle KK, Wolff SA, Ahmad SJN, Ahmad JN, Bones AM. The Imaging of Guard Cells of thioglucosidase ( tgg) Mutants of Arabidopsis Further Links Plant Chemical Defence Systems with Physical Defence Barriers. Cells 2021; 10:227. [PMID: 33503919 PMCID: PMC7911204 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucosinolate-myrosinase system is a well-known plant chemical defence system. Two functional myrosinase-encoding genes, THIOGLUCOSIDASE 1 (TGG1) and THIOGLUCOSIDASE 2 (TGG2), express in aerial tissues of Arabidopsis. TGG1 expresses in guard cells (GCs) and is also a highly abundant protein in GCs. Recently, by studying wild type (WT), tgg single, and double mutants, we showed a novel association between the glucosinolate-myrosinase system defence system, and a physical barrier, the cuticle. In the current study, using imaging techniques, we further analysed stomata and ultrastructure of GCs of WT, tgg1, tgg2 single, and tgg1 tgg2 double mutants. The tgg mutants showed distinctive features of GCs. The GCs of tgg1 and tgg1 tgg2 mutants showed vacuoles that had less electron-dense granular material. Both tgg single mutants had bigger stomata complexes. The WT and tgg mutants also showed variations for cell wall, chloroplasts, and starch grains of GCs. Abscisic acid (ABA)-treated stomata showed that the stomatal aperture was reduced in tgg1 single and tgg1 tgg2 double mutants. The data provides a basis to perform comprehensive further studies to find physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with ultrastructure differences in tgg mutants. We speculate that the absence of myrosinase alters the endogenous chemical composition, hence affecting the physical structure of plants and the plants' physical defence barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Ahuja
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Ralph Kissen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Linh Hoang
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (L.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (L.H.); (B.S.)
- Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari K. Halle
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Silje Aase Wolff
- National Centre for STEM Recruitment, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.J.N.A.); (J.N.A.)
- Integrated Genomics, Cellular, Developmental and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.J.N.A.); (J.N.A.)
- Integrated Genomics, Cellular, Developmental and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Atle M. Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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Ahuja I, de Vos RCH, Rohloff J, Stoopen GM, Halle KK, Ahmad SJN, Hoang L, Hall RD, Bones AM. Arabidopsis myrosinases link the glucosinolate-myrosinase system and the cuticle. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38990. [PMID: 27976683 PMCID: PMC5157024 DOI: 10.1038/srep38990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both physical barriers and reactive phytochemicals represent two important components of a plant's defence system against environmental stress. However, these two defence systems have generally been studied independently. Here, we have taken an exclusive opportunity to investigate the connection between a chemical-based plant defence system, represented by the glucosinolate-myrosinase system, and a physical barrier, represented by the cuticle, using Arabidopsis myrosinase (thioglucosidase; TGG) mutants. The tgg1, single and tgg1 tgg2 double mutants showed morphological changes compared to wild-type plants visible as changes in pavement cells, stomatal cells and the ultrastructure of the cuticle. Extensive metabolite analyses of leaves from tgg mutants and wild-type Arabidopsis plants showed altered levels of cuticular fatty acids, fatty acid phytyl esters, glucosinolates, and indole compounds in tgg single and double mutants as compared to wild-type plants. These results point to a close and novel association between chemical defence systems and physical defence barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Ahuja
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ric C. H. de Vos
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Rohloff
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geert M. Stoopen
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- RIKILT, Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kari K. Halle
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Linh Hoang
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Robert D. Hall
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Atle M. Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Shen H, Zhong X, Zhao F, Wang Y, Yan B, Li Q, Chen G, Mao B, Wang J, Li Y, Xiao G, He Y, Xiao H, Li J, He Z. Overexpression of receptor-like kinase ERECTA improves thermotolerance in rice and tomato. Nat Biotechnol 2015; 33:996-1003. [PMID: 26280413 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of global warming on crop productivity threaten to reduce the world's food supply. Although plant responses to changes in temperature have been studied, genetic modification of crops to improve thermotolerance has had little success to date. Here we demonstrate that overexpression of the Arabidopsis thaliana receptor-like kinase ERECTA (ER) in Arabidopsis, rice and tomato confers thermotolerance independent of water loss and that Arabidopsis er mutants are hypersensitive to heat. A loss-of-function mutation of a rice ER homolog and reduced expression of a tomato ER allele decreased thermotolerance of both species. Transgenic tomato and rice lines overexpressing Arabidopsis ER showed improved heat tolerance in the greenhouse and in field tests at multiple locations in China during several seasons. Moreover, ER-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis, tomato and rice plants had increased biomass. Our findings could contribute to engineering or breeding thermotolerant crops with no growth penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology &Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangbin Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology &Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology &Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology &Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingxiao Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology &Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology &Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Genyun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology &Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bizeng Mao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangsheng Li
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Guoying Xiao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yuke He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology &Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology &Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology &Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Physiology &Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Yue J, Hu X, Huang J. Horizontal gene transfer in the innovation and adaptation of land plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e24130. [PMID: 23470724 PMCID: PMC3907414 DOI: 10.4161/psb.24130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has been well documented in prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes, but its role in plants and animals remains elusive. In a recent study, we showed that at least 57 families of nuclear genes in the moss Physcomitrella patens were acquired from prokaryotes, fungi or viruses and that HGT played a critical role in plant colonization of land. In this paper, we categorize all acquired genes based on their putative functions and biological processes, and further address the importance of HGT in plant innovation and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipei Yue
- Department of Biology; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography; Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Science; Yunnan, China
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography; Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Science; Yunnan, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- Department of Biology; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
- Correspondence to: Jinling Huang,
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Bai T, Li C, Li C, Liang D, Ma F. Contrasting hypoxia tolerance and adaptation in Malus species is linked to differences in stomatal behavior and photosynthesis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 147:514-23. [PMID: 22924708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the potential differences in tolerance to hypoxia by two species of apple rootstocks. Stomatal behavior and photosynthesis were compared between Malus sieversii and Malus hupehensis. Plants were hydroponically grown for 15 days in normoxic or hypoxic nutrient solutions. Those of M. sieversii showed much greater sensitivity, with exposure to hypoxia resulting in higher leaf concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) that prompted stomatal closure. Compared with the control plants of that species, stomatal density was greater in both new and mature leaves under stress conditions. In contrast, stomatal density was significantly decreased in leaves from M. hupehensis, while stomatal length was unaffected. Under stress, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll contents were markedly reduced in M. sieversii. The relatively hypoxia-tolerant genotype M. hupehensis, however, showed only minor changes in net photosynthesis or chlorophyll content, and only a slight decrease in stomatal conductance due to such treatment. Therefore, we conclude that the more tolerant M. hupehensis utilizes a better protective mechanism for retaining higher photosynthetic capacity than does the hypoxia-sensitive M. sieversii. Moreover, this contrast in tolerance and adaptation to stress is linked to differences in their stomatal behavior, photosynthetic capacity and possibly their patterns of native distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanhui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Schramm EC, Nelson SK, Kidwell KK, Steber CM. Increased ABA sensitivity results in higher seed dormancy in soft white spring wheat cultivar 'Zak'. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:791-803. [PMID: 23212773 PMCID: PMC4241963 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-2018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As a strategy to increase the seed dormancy of soft white wheat, mutants with increased sensitivity to the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) were identified in mutagenized grain of soft white spring wheat "Zak". Lack of seed dormancy is correlated with increased susceptibility to preharvest sprouting in wheat, especially those cultivars with white kernels. ABA induces seed dormancy during embryo maturation and inhibits the germination of mature grain. Three mutant lines called Zak ERA8, Zak ERA19A, and Zak ERA19B (Zak ENHANCED RESPONSE to ABA) were recovered based on failure to germinate on 5 μM ABA. All three mutants resulted in increased ABA sensitivity over a wide range of concentrations such that a phenotype can be detected at very low ABA concentrations. Wheat loses sensitivity to ABA inhibition of germination with extended periods of dry after-ripening. All three mutants recovered required more time to after-ripen sufficiently to germinate in the absence of ABA and to lose sensitivity to 5 μM ABA. However, an increase in ABA sensitivity could be detected after as long as 3 years of after-ripening using high ABA concentrations. The Zak ERA8 line showed the strongest phenotype and segregated as a single semi-dominant mutation. This mutation resulted in no obvious decrease in yield and is a good candidate gene for breeding preharvest sprouting tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Schramm
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State, University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA
| | - Sven K. Nelson
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA
| | - Kimberlee K. Kidwell
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State, University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA
| | - Camille M. Steber
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State, University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA, , URL: http://public.wsu.edu/~csteber/
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA
- USDA-ARS, Wheat Genetics, Physiology, Biochemistry, and Quality Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA
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Lin L, Zhong SH, Cui XF, Li J, He ZH. Characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants reveals a role for receptor-like kinase SCRAMBLED/STRUBBELIG in coordinating cell proliferation and differentiation during Arabidopsis leaf development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 72:707-20. [PMID: 22805005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The balance between cell proliferation and cell differentiation is essential for leaf patterning. However, identification of the factors coordinating leaf patterning and cell growth behavior is challenging. Here, we characterized a temperature-sensitive Arabidopsis mutant with leaf blade and venation defects. We mapped the mutation to the sub-2 allele of the SCRAMBLED/STRUBBELIG (SCM/SUB) receptor-like kinase gene whose functions in leaf development have not been demonstrated. The sub-2 mutant displayed impaired blade development, asymmetric leaf shape and altered venation patterning under high ambient temperature (30°C), but these defects were less pronounced at normal growth temperature (22°C). Loss of SCM/SUB function results in reduced cell proliferation and abnormal cell expansion, as well as altered auxin patterning. SCM/SUB is initially expressed throughout leaf primordia and becomes restricted to the vascular cells, coinciding with its roles in early leaf patterning and venation formation. Furthermore, constitutive expression of the SCM/SUB gene also restricts organ growth by inhibiting the transition from cell proliferation to expansion. We propose the existence of a SCM/SUB-mediated developmental stage-specific signal for leaf patterning, and highlight the importance of the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation for leaf morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Mittler R, Blumwald E. Genetic engineering for modern agriculture: challenges and perspectives. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 61:443-62. [PMID: 20192746 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress conditions such as drought, heat, or salinity cause extensive losses to agricultural production worldwide. Progress in generating transgenic crops with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses has nevertheless been slow. The complex field environment with its heterogenic conditions, abiotic stress combinations, and global climatic changes are but a few of the challenges facing modern agriculture. A combination of approaches will likely be needed to significantly improve the abiotic stress tolerance of crops in the field. These will include mechanistic understanding and subsequent utilization of stress response and stress acclimation networks, with careful attention to field growth conditions, extensive testing in the laboratory, greenhouse, and the field; the use of innovative approaches that take into consideration the genetic background and physiology of different crops; the use of enzymes and proteins from other organisms; and the integration of QTL mapping and other genetic and breeding tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Mittler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.
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Sakamoto H, Matsuda O, Iba K. ITN1, a novel gene encoding an ankyrin-repeat protein that affects the ABA-mediated production of reactive oxygen species and is involved in salt-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 56:411-22. [PMID: 18643991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) induce accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. ROS not only act as second messengers for the activation of salt-stress responses, but also have deleterious effects on plant growth due to their cytotoxicity. Therefore, the timing and degree of activation of ROS-producing or ROS-scavenging enzymes must be tightly regulated under salt-stress conditions. We identified a novel locus of Arabidopsis, designated itn1 (increased tolerance to NaCl1), whose disruption leads to increased salt-stress tolerance in vegetative tissues. ITN1 encodes a transmembrane protein with an ankyrin-repeat motif that has been implicated in diverse cellular processes such as signal transduction. Comparative microarray analysis between wild-type and the itn1 mutant revealed that induction of genes encoding the ROS-producing NADPH oxidases (RBOHC and RBOHD) under salt-stress conditions was suppressed in the mutant. This suppression was accompanied by a corresponding reduction in ROS accumulation. The ABA-induced expression of RBOHC and RBOHD was also suppressed in the mutant, as was the case for RD29A, an ABA-inducible marker gene. However, the ABA-induced expression of another marker gene, RD22, was not impaired in the mutant. These results suggest that the itn1 mutation partially impairs ABA signaling pathways, possibly leading to the reduction in ROS accumulation under salt-stress conditions. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the salt-tolerant phenotype of the itn1 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sakamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
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