1
|
Vinje MA, Gartman LS, Simmons CH. Characterization of a near isogenic barley line with high grain β-amylase activity reveals a separation in the tight co-regulation of B-hordeins (Hor2) with endosperm-specific β-amylase (Bmy1). Gene 2024; 928:148799. [PMID: 39067543 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
GSHO 2096 is a near isogenic barley line with extremely high grain β-amylase activity, a desirable trait in the malting and brewing industry. High levels of grain β-amylase activity are caused by a surge in endosperm-specific β-amylase (Bmy1) gene expression during the early stages of grain development with high expression levels persisting throughout development. Origins of the high β-amylase activity trait are perplexing considering GSHO 2096 is not supposed to have grain β-amylase activity. GSHO 2096 is reported to be derived from a Bowman x Risø 1508 cross followed by recurrent backcrossing to Bowman (BC5). Risø 1508 carries a mutated form of the barley prolamin binding factor, which is responsible for Bmy1 expression during grain development. Thus, the pedigree of GSHO 2096 was explored to determine the potential origins of the high grain β-amylase trait. Genotyping using the barley 50k iSelect SNP array revealed Bowman and GSHO 2096 were very similar (95.4 %) and provided evidence that both Risø 56 and 1508 are in the pedigree. Risø mutants 56 and 1508 both have perturbed hordein gene expression leading to a discernable pattern using SDS-PAGE. GSHO 2096 and Risø 56 have the same hordein pattern whereas Bowman and Risø 1508 have unique patterns. RNAseq revealed that Hor2 (B-hordein) gene expression was completely downregulated making it unique as the only known line with Bmy1 expression without Hor2 co-expression. Regardless of pedigree, GSHO 2096 remains an extremely valuable high β-amylase activity line with potential utilization in breeding for malt quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Vinje
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
| | - Logan S Gartman
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Carl H Simmons
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saburi W, Mori H. Comparisons of the amylolytic enzymes and malt starch hydrolysates of two barley cultivars, Hokudai 1 (the first cultivar developed in Japan) and Kitanohoshi (currently used cultivar for beer production). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:1180-1187. [PMID: 38992276 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Starch degradation in malted barley produces yeast-fermentable sugars. In this study, we compared the amylolytic enzymes and composition of the malt starch hydrolysates of two barley cultivars, Hokudai 1 (the first cultivar established in Japan) and Kitanohoshi (the currently used cultivar for beer production). Hokudai 1 malt contained lower activity of amylolytic enzymes than Kitanohoshi malt, although these cultivars contained α-amylase AMY2 and β-amylase Bmy1 as the predominant enzymes. Malt starch hydrolysate of Hokudai 1 contained more limit dextrin and less yeast-fermentable sugars than that of Kitanohoshi. In mixed malt saccharification, a high Hokudai 1 malt ratio increased the limit dextrin levels and decreased the maltotriose and maltose levels. Even though Kitanohoshi malt contained more amylolytic enzymes than Hokudai 1 malt, addition of Kitanohoshi extract containing the amylolytic enzymes did not enhance malt starch degradation of Hokudai 1. Hokudai 1 malt starch was less degradable than Kitanohoshi malt starch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Saburi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vinje MA, Simmons CH. Characterization of barley (Horduem vulgare) lys3 mutants identifies genes under the regulation of the prolamin-box binding transcription factor and elucidates its role in endosperm promoter methylation during grain development. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:17. [PMID: 38416243 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Barley ranks fourth in global cereal production and is primarily grown for animal feed and malt. Hordeins, the principal barley seed storage proteins, are homologous to wheat gluten and when ingested elicit an immune response in people with Coeliac disease. Risø 1508 is a chemically induced barley mutant with low hordein levels imparted by the lys3.a locus that is reported to be caused by an SNP in the barley prolamin-box binding factor gene (BPBF). Reports suggest the lys3.a locus prevents CG DNA demethylation at the Hor2 (B-hordein) promoter during grain development subsequently causing hypermethylation and inhibiting gene expression. In lys3.a mutants, endosperm-specific β-amylase (Bmy1) and Hor2 are similarly downregulated during grain development and thus we hypothesize that the inability to demethylate the Bmy1 promoter CG islands is also causing Bmy1 downregulation. We use whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and mRNA-seq on developing endosperms from two lys3.a mutants and a lys3.b mutant to determine all downstream genes affected by lys3 mutations. RNAseq analysis identified 306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared between all mutants and their parents and 185 DEGs shared between both lys3.a mutants and their parents. Global DNA methylation levels and promoter CG DNA methylation levels were not significantly different between the mutants and their parents and thus refute the hypothesis that the lys3.a mutant's phenotype is caused by dysregulation of demethylation during grain development. The majority of DEGs were downregulated (e.g., B- and C-hordeins and Bmy1), but some DEGs were upregulated (e.g., β-glucosidase, D-hordein) suggesting compensatory effects and potentially explaining the low β-glucan phenotype observed in lys3.a germplasm. These findings have implications on human health and provide novel insight to barley breeders regarding the use of BPBF transcription factor mutants to create gluten-free barley varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Vinje
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
| | - Carl H Simmons
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vinje MA, Friedman DA. Exogenous spike-in mouse RNAs for accurate differential gene expression analysis in barley using RT-qPCR. Biol Methods Protoc 2023; 8:bpad034. [PMID: 38116324 PMCID: PMC10728042 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) followed by the 2-ΔΔCt method is the most common way to measure transcript levels for relative gene expression assays. The quality of an RT-qPCR assay is dependent upon the identification and validation of reference genes to normalize gene expression data. The so-called housekeeping genes are commonly used as internal reference genes because they are assumed to be ubiquitously expressed at stable levels. Commonly, researchers do not validate their reference genes but rely on historical reference genes or previously validated genes from an unrelated experiment. Using previously validated reference genes to assess gene expression changes occurring during malting resulted in extensive variability. Therefore, a new method was tested and validated to circumvent the use of internal reference genes. Total mouse RNA was chosen as the external reference RNA and a suite of primer sets to putatively stable mouse genes was created to identify stably expressed genes for use as an external reference gene. cDNA was created by co-amplifying total mouse RNA, as an RNA spike-in, and barley RNA. When using the external reference genes to normalize malting gene expression data, standard deviations were significantly reduced and significant differences in transcript abundance were observed, whereas when using the internal reference genes, standard deviations were larger with no significant differences seen. Furthermore, external reference genes were more accurate at assessing expression levels in malting and developing grains, whereas the internal reference genes overestimated abundance in developing grains and underestimated abundance in malting grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Vinje
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - David A Friedman
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Y, Sun F, Wang P, Yusuyin M, Kuerban W, Lai C, Li C, Ma J, Xiao F. Genome-Wide Identification and Preliminary Functional Analysis of BAM (β-Amylase) Gene Family in Upland Cotton. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2077. [PMID: 38003020 PMCID: PMC10671626 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-amylase (BAM) gene family encodes important enzymes that catalyze the conversion of starch to maltose in various biological processes of plants and play essential roles in regulating the growth and development of multiple plants. So far, BAMs have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). However, the characteristics of the BAM gene family in the crucial economic crop, cotton, have not been reported. In this study, 27 GhBAM genes in the genome of Gossypium hirsutum L (G. hirsutum) were identified by genome-wide identification, and they were divided into three groups according to sequence similarity and phylogenetic relationship. The gene structure, chromosome distribution, and collinearity of all GhBAM genes identified in the genome of G. hirsutum were analyzed. Further sequence alignment of the core domain of glucosyl hydrolase showed that all GhBAM family genes had the glycosyl hydrolase family 14 domain. We identified the BAM gene GhBAM7 and preliminarily investigated its function by transcriptional sequencing analysis, qRT-PCR, and subcellular localization. These results suggested that the GhBAM7 gene may influence fiber strength during fiber development. This systematic analysis provides new insight into the transcriptional characteristics of BAM genes in G. hirsutum. It may lay the foundation for further study of the function of these genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Yang
- Research Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (C.L.)
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kuqa County Upland Cotton Test Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kuqa 842000, China; (P.W.); (W.K.)
| | - Fenglei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China;
| | - Penglong Wang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kuqa County Upland Cotton Test Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kuqa 842000, China; (P.W.); (W.K.)
| | - Mayila Yusuyin
- Research Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Wumaierjiang Kuerban
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kuqa County Upland Cotton Test Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kuqa 842000, China; (P.W.); (W.K.)
| | - Chengxia Lai
- Research Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Chunping Li
- Research Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Jun Ma
- Research Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.); (C.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Fei Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li M, Cai K, Zheng N, Zhang G, Ye L. Identification of the Key Transcription Factors Regulating the Expression of the Genes Associated with Barley Malt Quality during Malting. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:8241-8251. [PMID: 37192323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Barley malt is produced through a malting process; it begins with steeping followed by germination and kilning, in which dramatic changes happen for a large number of physiological and biochemical traits in barley seeds. The objectives of this study were to comprehensively investigate the phenotypic changes during malting, and identify the key regulators that modulate the expression of genes associated with malt quality traits. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between gibberellic acid (GA) content and the activities of some hydrolytic enzymes, including α-amylases, β-amylases, and limit dextrinase (LD), and a significant negative correlation between GA and β-glucan content. Starch content had little change, but starch granules were pitted severely during malting. Weighted gene coexpression analysis (WGCNA) identified the genes associated with the greatest changes of the examined malt traits during malting. The correlation analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis detected several key transcriptional factor (TF) regulating genes associated with malt quality. These genes and TFs regulating malting traits are potentially useful in barley breeding for malt quality improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Li
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kangfeng Cai
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Nannan Zheng
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Lingzhen Ye
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Y, Zhao J, Hu M, Sun L, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang P, Ma W, Li H, Gao H, Zhang Y. Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Revealed the Influence of High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits (HMW-GSs) Deficiency on Expression of Storage Substances and the Potential Regulatory Mechanism of HMW-GSs. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020361. [PMID: 36673453 PMCID: PMC9857648 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The processing quality of wheat is affected by seed storage substances, such as protein and starch. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) are the major components of wheat seed storage proteins (SSPs); they are also key determinators of wheat end-use quality. However, the effects of HMW-GSs absence on the expression of other storage substances and the regulation mechanism of HMW-GSs are still limited. Previously, a wheat transgenic line LH-11 with complete deletions of HMW-GSs was obtained through introducing an exogenous gene Glu-1Ebx to the wild-type cultivar Bobwhite by transgenic approach. In this study, comparative seed transcriptomics and proteomics of transgenic and non-transgenic lines at different seed developmental stages were carried out to explore the changes in genes and proteins and the underlying regulatory mechanism. Results revealed that a number of genes, including genes related to SSPs, carbohydrates metabolism, amino acids metabolism, transcription, translation, and protein process were differentially enriched. Seed storage proteins displayed differential expression patterns between the transgenic and non-transgenic line, a major rise in the expression levels of gliadins were observed at 21 and 28 days post anthesis (DPA) in the transgenic line. Changes in expressions of low-molecular-weight glutenins (LMW-GSs), avenin-like proteins (ALPs), lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) were also observed. In addition, genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were differentially expressed, which probably leads to a difference in starch component and deposition. A list of gene categories participating in the accumulation of SSPs was proposed according to the transcriptome and proteome data. Six genes from the MYB and eight genes from the NAC transcription families are likely important regulators of HMW-GSs accumulation. This study will provide data support for understanding the regulatory network of wheat storage substances. The screened candidate genes can lay a foundation for further research on the regulation mechanism of HMW-GSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Mengyun Hu
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Lijing Sun
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Yelun Zhang
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Qianying Li
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Peinan Wang
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rani H, Bhardwaj RD. Quality attributes for barley malt: "The backbone of beer". J Food Sci 2021; 86:3322-3340. [PMID: 34287897 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Malting is the process of preparing barley for brewing through partial germination followed by drying. This process softens the grain cell wall and stimulates the production of diastatic enzymes, which convert starch into malt extract. The suitability of a barley grain for malt production depends upon a large number of quality parameters that are crucial for the identification and release of high-quality malt varieties. Maintaining tight control of these quality attributes is essential to ensure high processing efficiency and final product quality in brewery and malt house. Therefore, we have summarized the basic malting process and various physiological and biochemical quality parameters that are desirable for better malt quality. This study may provide an understanding of the process, problems faced, and opportunities to maltsters and researchers to improve the malt efficiency by altering the malting process or malt varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heena Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Rachana D Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vinje MA, Henson CA, Duke SH, Simmons CH, Le K, Hall E, Hirsch CD. Description and functional analysis of the transcriptome from malting barley. Genomics 2021; 113:3310-3324. [PMID: 34273497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to establish an early model of the malting barley transcriptome, which describes the expression of genes and their ontologies, identify the period during malting with the largest dynamic shift in gene expression for future investigation, and to determine the expression patterns of all starch degrading enzyme genes relevant to the malting and brewing industry. Large dynamic increases in gene expression occurred early in malting with differential expressed genes enriched for cell wall and starch hydrolases amongst many malting related categories. Twenty-five of forty starch degrading enzyme genes were differentially expressed in the malting barley transcriptome including eleven α-amylase genes, six β-amylase genes, three α-glucosidase genes, and all five starch debranching enzyme genes. Four new or novel α-amylase genes, one β-amylase gene (Bmy3), three α-glucosidase genes, and two isoamylase genes had appreciable expression that requires further exploration into their potential relevance to the malting and brewing industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Vinje
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
| | - Cynthia A Henson
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53726, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agronomy, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Stanley H Duke
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agronomy, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Carl H Simmons
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Khoa Le
- University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Evan Hall
- University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Cory D Hirsch
- University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang DL, Wang Y, Jia BC, Tian XQ, Chu J, Yin HB, Jameson PE, Chen SH, Guo SL. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the β-Amylase Gene Family in Chenopodium quinoa. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:936-948. [PMID: 34042512 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Amylase (BAM) is an important starch hydrolase, playing a role in a variety of plant growth and development processes. In this study, 22 BAM gene family members (GFMs) were identified in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), an ancient crop gaining modern consumer acceptance because of its nutritional qualities. The genetic structure, phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns of CqBAM GFMs in different tissues, were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses assigned the CqBAMs, AtBAMs, and OsBAMs into four clades. The CqBAM gene family had expanded due to segmental duplication. RNA-seq analysis revealed expression of the duplicated pairs to be similar, with the expression of CqBAM GFM pairs showing a degree of tissue specificity that was confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Several CqBAM GFMs were also responsive to abiotic stresses in shoots and/or roots. In conclusion, the BAM gene family in quinoa was identified and systematically analyzed using bioinformatics and experimental methods. These results will help to elucidate the evolutionary relationship and biological functions of the BAM gene family in quinoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Bing-Chen Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jing Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Paula E Jameson
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Shi-Hua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Shan-Li Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Henson CA, Vinje MA, Duke SH. Maltose Effects on Barley Malt β-Amylase Activity and Thermostability at Low Isothermal Mashing Temperatures. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2020.1738811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Henson
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, U.S.A.
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Marcus A. Vinje
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, U.S.A.
| | - Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Analysis of durum wheat proteome changes under marine and fungal biostimulant treatments using large-scale quantitative proteomics: A useful dataset of durum wheat proteins. J Proteomics 2019; 200:28-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Vinje MA, Walling JG, Henson CA, Duke SH. Comparative gene expression analysis of the β-amylase and hordein gene families in the developing barley grain. Gene 2019; 693:127-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
14
|
Duke SH, Henson CA, Vinje MA, Walling JG, Bockelman HE. Comparisons of Modern United States and Canadian Malting Barley Cultivars with Those from Pre-Prohibition: V. Bmy1 Intron III Alleles and Grain β-Amylase Activity and Thermostability. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2018.1546110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Marcus A. Vinje
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Jason G. Walling
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Harold E. Bockelman
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen, Idaho, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aubert MK, Coventry S, Shirley NJ, Betts NS, Würschum T, Burton RA, Tucker MR. Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sci Rep 2018; 8:11025. [PMID: 30038399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29068-29064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aleurone is a critical component of the cereal seed and is located at the periphery of the starchy endosperm. During germination, the aleurone is responsible for releasing hydrolytic enzymes that degrade cell wall polysaccharides and starch granules, which is a key requirement for barley malt production. Inter- and intra-species differences in aleurone layer number have been identified in the cereals but the significance of this variation during seed development and germination remains unclear. In this study, natural variation in mature aleurone features was examined in a panel of 33 Hordeum vulgare (barley) genotypes. Differences were identified in the number of aleurone cell layers, the transverse thickness of the aleurone and the proportion of aleurone relative to starchy endosperm. In addition, variation was identified in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes that are associated with germination. Notably, activity of the free fraction of β-amylase (BMY), but not the bound fraction, was increased at grain maturity in barley varieties possessing more aleurone. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) and transcriptional profiling confirmed that HvBMY1 is the most abundant BMY gene in developing grain and accumulates in the aleurone during early stages of grain fill. The results reveal a link between molecular pathways influencing early aleurone development and increased levels of free β-amylase enzyme, potentially highlighting the aleurone as a repository of free β-amylase at grain maturity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Aubert
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stewart Coventry
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Neil J Shirley
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Natalie S Betts
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Tobias Würschum
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rachel A Burton
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Differences in hydrolytic enzyme activity accompany natural variation in mature aleurone morphology in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sci Rep 2018; 8:11025. [PMID: 30038399 PMCID: PMC6056469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aleurone is a critical component of the cereal seed and is located at the periphery of the starchy endosperm. During germination, the aleurone is responsible for releasing hydrolytic enzymes that degrade cell wall polysaccharides and starch granules, which is a key requirement for barley malt production. Inter- and intra-species differences in aleurone layer number have been identified in the cereals but the significance of this variation during seed development and germination remains unclear. In this study, natural variation in mature aleurone features was examined in a panel of 33 Hordeum vulgare (barley) genotypes. Differences were identified in the number of aleurone cell layers, the transverse thickness of the aleurone and the proportion of aleurone relative to starchy endosperm. In addition, variation was identified in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes that are associated with germination. Notably, activity of the free fraction of β-amylase (BMY), but not the bound fraction, was increased at grain maturity in barley varieties possessing more aleurone. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) and transcriptional profiling confirmed that HvBMY1 is the most abundant BMY gene in developing grain and accumulates in the aleurone during early stages of grain fill. The results reveal a link between molecular pathways influencing early aleurone development and increased levels of free β-amylase enzyme, potentially highlighting the aleurone as a repository of free β-amylase at grain maturity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen L, Wang Z, Li M, Ma X, Tian E, Sun A, Yin Y. Analysis of the natural dehydration mechanism during middle and late stages of wheat seeds development by some physiological traits and iTRAQ-based proteomic. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
18
|
Duke SH, Vinje MA, Henson CA. Tracking Amylolytic Enzyme Activities during Congress Mashing with North American Barley Cultivars: Comparisons of Patterns of Activity and β-Amylases with DifferingBmy1Intron III Alleles and Correlations of Amylolytic Enzyme Activities. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2012-0131-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus A. Vinje
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Crops Research Unit (CCRU), Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- USDA-ARS CCRU and Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Duke SH, Vinje MA, Henson CA. Comparisons of Amylolytic Enzyme Activities and β-Amylases with DifferingBmy1Intron III Alleles to Sugar Production during Congress Mashing with North American Barley Cultivars. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2012-0906-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Marcus A. Vinje
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, and Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Duke SH, Vinje MA, Henson CA. Comparisons of Amylolytic Enzyme Activities and β-Amylases with DifferingBmy1Intron III Alleles to Osmolyte Concentration and Malt Extract during Congress Mashing with North American Barley Cultivars. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2013-0912-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus A. Vinje
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Crops Research Unit (CCRU), Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison
- USDA-ARS CCRU
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Duke SH, Henson CA. Tracking the Progress of Wort Sugar Production during Congress Mashing with North American Barley Cultivars and Comparisons to Wort Osmolyte Concentrations and Malt Extract. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2011-0829-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Henson CA, Duke SH. Maltose Effects on Barley Malt Diastatic Power Enzyme Activity and Thermostability at High Isothermal Mashing Temperatures: I. β-Amylase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2016-2734-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Henson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Stanley H. Duke
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Duke SH, Henson CA, Vinje MA. Comparisons of Barley Malt Amylolytic Enzyme Thermostabilities to Wort Osmolyte Concentrations, Malt Extract, ASBC Measures of Malt Quality, and Initial Enzyme Activities. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2014-1027-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Crops Research Unit (CCRU), Madison, WI
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vinje MA, Duke SH, Henson CA. Comparison of Factors Involved in Starch Degradation in Barley Germination under Laboratory and Malting Conditions,. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2015-0318-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanley H. Duke
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agronomy, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agronomy, Madison, WI
- USDA-ARS, CCRU
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Duke SH, Henson CA, Bockelman HE. Comparisons of Modern U. S. and Canadian Malting Barley Cultivars with Those from Pre-Prohibition: III. Wort Sugar Production during Mashing. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2017.1402582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Harold E. Bockelman
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen, ID, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Visioli G, Galieni A, Stagnari F, Bonas U, Speca S, Faccini A, Pisante M, Marmiroli N. Proteomics of Durum Wheat Grain during Transition to Conservation Agriculture. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156007. [PMID: 27281174 PMCID: PMC4900532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen management in combination with sustainable agronomic techniques can have a great impact on the wheat grain proteome influencing its technological quality. In this study, proteomic analyses were used to document changes in the proportion of prolamins in mature grains of the newly released Italian durum wheat cv Achille. Such an approach was applied to wheat fertilized with urea (UREA) and calcium nitrate (NITRATE), during the transition to no-till Conservation Agriculture (CA) practice in a Mediterranean environment. Results obtained in a two-years field experiment study suggest low molecular weight glutenins (LMW-GS) as the fraction particularly inducible regardless of the N-form. Quantitative analyses of LMW-GS by 2D-GE followed by protein identification by LC-ESI-MS/MS showed that the stable increase was principally due to C-type LMW-GS. The highest accumulation resulted from a physiologically healthier state of plants treated with UREA and NITRATE. Proteomic analysis on the total protein fraction during the active phase of grain filling was also performed. For both N treatments, but at different extent, an up-regulation of different classes of proteins was observed: i) enzymes involved in glycolysis and citric acid cycles which contribute to an enhanced source of energy and carbohydrates, ii) stress proteins like heat shock proteins (HSPs) and antioxidant enzymes, such as peroxidases and superoxide dismutase which protect the grain from abiotic stress during starch and storage protein synthesis. In conclusion N inputs, which combined rate with N form gave high yield and improved quality traits in the selected durum wheat cultivar. The specific up-regulation of some HSPs, antioxidant enzymes and defense proteins in the early stages of grain development and physiological indicators related to fitness traits, could be useful bio-indicators, for wheat genotype screening under more sustainable agronomic conditions, like transition phase to no-till CA in Mediterranean environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Angelica Galieni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagnari
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Urbana Bonas
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Speca
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Faccini
- Interdepartmental Measure Centre “Giuseppe Casnati,” University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Pisante
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Regione Emilia-Romagna SITEIA, PARMA Technopole, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hofer K, Geißinger C, König C, Gastl M, Hückelhoven R, Heß M, Coleman AD. Influence of Fusarium isolates on the expression of barley genes related to plant defense and malting quality. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
28
|
Visioli G, Galieni A, Stagnari F, Bonas U, Speca S, Faccini A, Pisante M, Marmiroli N. Proteomics of Durum Wheat Grain during Transition to Conservation Agriculture. PLoS One 2016. [PMID: 27281174 DOI: 10.4081/ija.2016.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen management in combination with sustainable agronomic techniques can have a great impact on the wheat grain proteome influencing its technological quality. In this study, proteomic analyses were used to document changes in the proportion of prolamins in mature grains of the newly released Italian durum wheat cv Achille. Such an approach was applied to wheat fertilized with urea (UREA) and calcium nitrate (NITRATE), during the transition to no-till Conservation Agriculture (CA) practice in a Mediterranean environment. Results obtained in a two-years field experiment study suggest low molecular weight glutenins (LMW-GS) as the fraction particularly inducible regardless of the N-form. Quantitative analyses of LMW-GS by 2D-GE followed by protein identification by LC-ESI-MS/MS showed that the stable increase was principally due to C-type LMW-GS. The highest accumulation resulted from a physiologically healthier state of plants treated with UREA and NITRATE. Proteomic analysis on the total protein fraction during the active phase of grain filling was also performed. For both N treatments, but at different extent, an up-regulation of different classes of proteins was observed: i) enzymes involved in glycolysis and citric acid cycles which contribute to an enhanced source of energy and carbohydrates, ii) stress proteins like heat shock proteins (HSPs) and antioxidant enzymes, such as peroxidases and superoxide dismutase which protect the grain from abiotic stress during starch and storage protein synthesis. In conclusion N inputs, which combined rate with N form gave high yield and improved quality traits in the selected durum wheat cultivar. The specific up-regulation of some HSPs, antioxidant enzymes and defense proteins in the early stages of grain development and physiological indicators related to fitness traits, could be useful bio-indicators, for wheat genotype screening under more sustainable agronomic conditions, like transition phase to no-till CA in Mediterranean environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelica Galieni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagnari
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Urbana Bonas
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Speca
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Faccini
- Interdepartmental Measure Centre "Giuseppe Casnati," University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Pisante
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Regione Emilia-Romagna SITEIA, PARMA Technopole, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang N, Chen F, Huo W, Cui D. Proteomic analysis of middle and late stages of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:735. [PMID: 26442048 PMCID: PMC4569854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic approaches were applied in four grain developmental stages of the Chinese bread wheat Yunong 201 and its ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant line Yunong 3114. 2-DE and tandem MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analyzed proteome characteristics during middle and late grain development of the Chinese bread wheat Yunong 201 and its EMS mutant line Yunong 3114 with larger grain sizes. We identified 130 differentially accumulated protein spots representing 88 unique proteins, and four main expression patterns displayed a dynamic description of middle and late grain formation. Those identified protein species participated in eight biochemical processes: stress/defense, carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis/assembly/degradation, storage proteins, energy production and transportation, photosynthesis, transcription/translation, signal transduction. Comparative proteomic characterization demonstrated 12 protein spots that co-accumulated in the two wheat cultivars with different expression patterns, and six cultivar-specific protein spots including serpin, small heat shock protein, β-amylase, α-amylase inhibitor, dimeric α-amylase inhibitor precursor, and cold regulated protein. These cultivar-specific protein spots possibly resulted in differential yield-related traits of the two wheat cultivars. Our results provide valuable information for dissection of molecular and genetics basis of yield-related traits in bread wheat and the proteomic characterization in this study could also provide insights in the biology of middle and late grain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Chen
- *Correspondence: Feng Chen, Agronomy College/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Singh S, Tan HQ, Singh J. Mutagenesis of barley malting quality QTLs with Ds transposons. Funct Integr Genomics 2011; 12:131-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-011-0258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|