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Borge M, Ellis CJ. Interactions of moisture and light drive lichen growth and the response to climate change scenarios: experimental evidence for Lobaria pulmonaria. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:43-58. [PMID: 38430562 PMCID: PMC11161569 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is growing interest in the functional ecology of poikilohydric non-vascular photoautotrophs (NVPs), including 'cryptogamic' bryophytes and lichens. These organisms are structurally important in many ecosystems, contributing substantially to ecosystem function and services, while also being sensitive to climate change. Previous research has quantified the climate change response of poikilohydric NVPs using predictive bioclimatic models with standard climate variables including precipitation totals and temperature averages. This study aimed for an improved functional understanding of their climate change response based on their growth rate sensitivity to moisture and light. METHODS We conducted a 24-month experiment to monitor lichen hydration and growth. We accounted for two well-known features in the ecology of poikilohydric NVPs, and exemplified here for a structurally dominant lichen epiphyte, Lobaria pulmonaria: (1) sensitivity to multiple sources of atmospheric moisture including rain, condensed dew-formation and water vapour; and (2) growth determined by the amount of time hydrated in the light, driving photosynthesis, referred to as the Iwet hypothesis. KEY RESULTS First, we found that even within an oceanic high-rainfall environment, lichen hydration was better explained by vapour pressure deficit than precipitation totals. Second, growth at a monthly resolution was positively related to the amount of time spent hydrated in the light, and negatively related to the amount of time spent hydrated in the dark. CONCLUSIONS Using multimodel averaging to project growth models for an ensemble of future climate change scenarios, we demonstrated reduced net growth for L. pulmonaria by the late 21st century, explained by extended climate dryness and lichen desiccation for periods when there is otherwise sufficient light to drive photosynthesis. The results further emphasize a key issue of photoperiodism when constructing functionally relevant models to understand the risk of climate change, especially for poikilohydric NVPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Borge
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK
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Nikolić N, Zotz G, Bader MY. Modelling the carbon balance in bryophytes and lichens: Presentation of PoiCarb 1.0, a new model for explaining distribution patterns and predicting climate-change effects. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16266. [PMID: 38038342 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Bryophytes and lichens have important functional roles in many ecosystems. Insight into their CO2 -exchange responses to climatic conditions is essential for understanding current and predicting future productivity and biomass patterns, but responses are hard to quantify at time scales beyond instantaneous measurements. We present PoiCarb 1.0, a model to study how CO2 -exchange rates of these poikilohydric organisms change through time as a function of weather conditions. METHODS PoiCarb simulates diel fluctuations of CO2 exchange and estimates long-term carbon balances, identifying optimal and limiting climatic patterns. Modelled processes were net photosynthesis, dark respiration, evaporation and water uptake. Measured CO2 -exchange responses to light, temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and thallus water content (calculated in a separate module) were used to parameterize the model's carbon module. We validated the model by comparing modelled diel courses of net CO2 exchange to such courses from field measurements on the tropical lichen Crocodia aurata. To demonstrate the model's usefulness, we simulated potential climate-change effects. RESULTS Diel patterns were reproduced well, and the modelled and observed diel carbon balances were strongly positively correlated. Simulated warming effects via changes in metabolic rates were consistently negative, while effects via faster drying were variable, depending on the timing of hydration. CONCLUSIONS Reproducing weather-dependent variation in diel carbon balances is a clear improvement compared to simply extrapolating short-term measurements or potential photosynthetic rates. Apart from predicting climate-change effects, future uses of PoiCarb include testing hypotheses about distribution patterns of poikilohydric organisms and guiding conservation strategies for species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Nikolić
- Faculty of Geography, Ecological Plant Geography, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- University of Oldenburg, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Functional Ecology of Plants, Germany
| | - Maaike Y Bader
- Faculty of Geography, Ecological Plant Geography, University of Marburg, Germany
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Corapi A, Gallo L, Tursi A, Lucadamo L. Agricultural drift depositional simulation of a copper-based fungicide and its effects on non-target terrestrial and freshwater compartments. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:370-382. [PMID: 36995475 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Our research investigated the potential impacts of the fungicide Bordeaux mixture drift processes on off-target species representing terrestrial vegetation and fluvial-lacustrine zooplankton. The simulation of drift events was carried out by a predictive scaling analysis of the quantities potentially exported to a predetermined area adjacent to an agricultural field. The theoretical rate of deposition on a terrestrial species, the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea, was calculated following high (4 kg ha-1) and low (2 kg ha-1) rate treatments using anti-drift nozzles and non-anti-drift nozzles. The experimental set up consisted in 40 boxes holding lichen thalli, all stored in a climatic chamber for 40 days. Spraying of the fungicide was alternated with rainfall simulations to reproduce scenarios related to agricultural practices. Following a single simulation, anti-drift nozzles resulted in a higher overall load deposited per unit of lichen surface area compared to non-anti-drift nozzles, although both loads significantly differed from controls. However, only anti-drift nozzles, associated with the high rate, caused a remarkable impairment of several ecophysiological parameters, differing (p < 0.05) from controls. Rainfalls promoted activation of lichen metabolism, mitigating the cell damage, but exported only 2.5% of the copper deposited on the thalli surfaces. Nevertheless, the exposure of Daphnia magna neonates to leachates showed significant outcomes for the two rates. After only 24 h, leachates resulting from the high application rate led to widespread mortality, which appeared to be extremely relevant after 48 h, whereas the lower rate induced much lower toxicity for both exposure times.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Corapi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, CS, Italy.
| | - L Gallo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, CS, Italy
| | - A Tursi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, CS, Italy
| | - L Lucadamo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, CS, Italy
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Ellis CJ, Eaton S. Microclimates hold the key to spatial forest planning under climate change: Cyanolichens in temperate rainforest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1915-1926. [PMID: 33421251 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is deepening interest in how microclimatic refugia can reduce species threat, if suitable climatic conditions are maintained locally, despite global climate change. Microclimates are a particularly important consideration in topographically heterogeneous landscapes, while in some habitats, such as forests and woodlands, microclimates are also extremely labile and affected by management practices that could consequently be used to offset climate change impact. This study explored a conservation priority guild-cyanolichen epiphytes in temperate rainforest-quantifying the niche response to macroclimate, and landscape or woodland stand structures that determine the microclimate. Based on epiphyte survey in a core region of European temperate rainforest (western Scotland), a 'random forest' machine-learning model confirmed a strong cyanolichen response to summer dryness, as well as the effects of distance to running water, topographic heatload and tree species identity, which modify the local moisture regime and/or lichen growth rates. By quantifying this response to macroclimate, landscape and stand structures, it was possible to estimate an extent to which woodland may be expanded in the future, to offset a negative effect of increasing summer dryness projected through to the 2080s. Using current policy as a yardstick, sufficient woodland expansion could be delivered relatively quickly for median impacted sites, but with times to woodland delivery extending over 10, 20 and 25 years for sites at the 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles of cyanolichen decline. Furthermore, the extent of new woodland required, and delivery times, increase almost threefold on average, as new woodland becomes distributed over wider riparian zones. These contrasting implications emphasize an urgent need for afforestation that achieves targeted spatial planning responsive to microclimates as refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally Eaton
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Holt EA, Nelson PR. Climatic, vegetative, and disturbance predictors of lichen species’ height in Arctic Alaska, USA. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gauslaa Y, Goward T. Melanic pigments and canopy-specific elemental concentration shape growth rates of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria in unmanaged mixed forest. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Functional trade-off of hydration strategies in old forest epiphytic cephalolichens. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:903-913. [PMID: 32948278 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although water is essential for photosynthetic activation in lichens, rates of vapor uptake and activation in humid air, which likely influence their niche preferences and distribution ranges, are insufficiently known. This study simultaneously quantifies rehydration kinetics and PSII reactivation in sympatric, yet morphologically and functionally distinct cephalolichens (Lobaria amplissima, Lobaria pulmonaria, Lobaria virens). High-temporal resolution monitoring of rehydrating thalli by automatic weighing combined with chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of maximal PSII efficiency (FV/FM) was applied to determine species-specific rates of vapor uptake and photosynthetic activation. The thin and loosely attached growth form of L. pulmonaria rehydrates and reactivates faster in humid air than the thick L. amplissima, with L. virens in between. This flexible hydration strategy is consistent with L. pulmonaria's wide geographical distribution stretching from rainforests to continental forests. By contrast, the thick and resupinate L. amplissima reactivates slowly in humid air but stores much water when provided in abundance. This prolongs active periods after rain, which could represent an advantage where abundant rain and stem flow alternates with long-lasting drying. Understanding links between morphological traits and functional responses, and their ecological implications for species at risk, is crucial to conservation planning and for modelling populations under various climate scenarios.
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López-Pozo M, Ballesteros D, Laza JM, García-Plazaola JI, Fernández-Marín B. Desiccation Tolerance in Chlorophyllous Fern Spores: Are Ecophysiological Features Related to Environmental Conditions? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1130. [PMID: 31616448 PMCID: PMC6764020 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fern spores of most species are desiccation tolerant (DT) and, in some cases, are photosynthetic at maturation, the so-called chlorophyllous spores (CS). The lifespan of CS in the dry state is very variable among species. The physiological, biochemical, and biophysical mechanisms underpinning this variability remain understudied and their interpretation from an ecophysiological approach virtually unexplored. In this study, we aimed at fulfilling this gap by assessing photochemical, hydric, and biophysical properties of CS from three temperate species with contrasting biological strategies and longevity in the dry state: Equisetum telmateia (spore maturation and release in spring, ultrashort lifespan), Osmunda regalis (spore maturation and release in summer, medium lifespan), Matteuccia struthiopteris (spore maturation and release in winter, medium-long lifespan). After subjection of CS to controlled drying treatments, results showed that the three species displayed different extents of DT. CS of E. telmateia rapidly lost viability after desiccation, while the other two withstood several dehydration-rehydration cycles without compromising viability. The extent of DT was in concordance with water availability in the sporulation season of each species. CS of O. regalis and M. struthiopteris carried out the characteristic quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, widely displayed by other DT cryptogams during drying, and had higher tocopherol and proline contents. The turgor loss point of CS is also related to the extent of DT and to the sporulation season: lowest values were found in CS of M. struthiopteris and O. regalis. The hydrophobicity of spores in these two species was higher and probably related to the prevention of water absorption under unfavorable conditions. Molecular mobility, estimated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, confirmed an unstable glassy state in the spores of E. telmateia, directly related to the low DT, while the DT species entered in a stable glassy state when dried. Overall, our data revealed a DT syndrome related to the season of sporulation that was characterized by higher photoprotective potential, specific hydric properties, and lower molecular mobility in the dry state. Being unicellular haploid structures, CS represent not only a challenge for germplasm preservation (e.g., as these spores are prone to photooxidation) but also an excellent opportunity for studying mechanisms of DT in photosynthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina López-Pozo
- Depatment of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel Ballesteros
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - José Manuel Laza
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry (Labquimac), Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Depatment of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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Bianchi E, Paoli L, Colzi I, Coppi A, Gonnelli C, Lazzaro L, Loppi S, Papini A, Vannini A, Benesperi R. High-light stress in wet and dry thalli of the endangered Mediterranean lichen Seirophora villosa (Ach.) Frödén: does size matter? Mycol Prog 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-1451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fortuna L, Tretiach M. Effects of site-specific climatic conditions on the radial growth of the lichen biomonitor Xanthoria parietina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34017-34026. [PMID: 30280342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The protocols commonly applied in surveys with lichens as biomonitors of airborne trace elements require analyses of samples derived from thalli or parts of thalli grown in the last year before sampling, under the postulation that samples of the same size are of the same age. Unfortunately, the influence of ecological site-specific factors on lichen growth is still largely ignored, so that samples of the same size collected in environmentally and climatically diverse sites might actually differ in age. This work aims at quantifying the influence of climatic conditions on the radial growth rates (RaGRs) of Xanthoria parietina, one of the most popular lichen biomonitors. RaGR was monitored in seven populations distributed along an altitudinal transect of 30 km in the Classical Karst (NE Italy), from 20 to 500 m above sea level. For c. 17 months, lobe growth was measured seasonally with a digital calliper, and site-specific climatic variables were monitored by means of thermo-hygrometric sensors and implemented by meteorological data. Finally, the lobe growth of X. parietina was modelled as a function of 18 environmental variables. Results revealed that thalli of relatively dry sites had significantly lower seasonal RaGR with respect to moister ones. Considering that cumulative precipitations were equally distributed along the transect, it was concluded that RaGR of X. parietina is affected negatively by high air temperatures and positively by high relative humidity. The importance of RaGR variation in lichen bioaccumulation studies is critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fortuna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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Haughian SR, Clayden SR, Cameron R. On the distribution and habitat of Fuscopannaria leucosticta in New Brunswick, Canada. ECOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2018.1526997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. Haughian
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Botany and Mycology, New Brunswick Museum, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | | | - Robert Cameron
- Department of Environment, Province of Nova Scotia, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Benesperi R, Nascimbene J, Lazzaro L, Bianchi E, Tepsich A, Longinotti S, Giordani P. Successful conservation of the endangered forest lichen Lobaria pulmonaria requires knowledge of fine-scale population structure. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Solhaug KA, Chowdhury DP, Gauslaa Y. Short- and long-term freezing effects in a coastal (Lobaria virens) versus a widespread lichen (L. pulmonaria). Cryobiology 2018; 82:124-129. [PMID: 29571630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are considered freezing tolerant, although few species have been tested. Growth, a robust measure of fitness integrating processes in all partners of a lichen thallus, has not yet been used as a viability measure after freezing. We compared relative growth rates (RGR) after freezing with short-term viability measures of photo- and mycobiont functions in the coastal Lobaria virens and the widespread L. pulmonaria to test the hypothesis that low temperature shapes the coastal distribution of L. virens. Hydrated thalli from sympatric populations were subjected to freezing at -10, -20 and -40 °C for 5 h. The rate of cooling and subsequent warming was 5 °C h-1. Short-term viability measures of photobiont (maximal photosystem II efficiency, effective PSII yield) and mycobiont viability (conductivity index), as well as subsequent RGR, were assessed. The exotherms showed that L. virens froze at -3 °C; L. pulmonaria, at -4 °C. Freezing significantly impaired short-term viability measures of both photo- and mycobiont, particularly in the coastal species. Lobaria pulmonaria grew 2.1 times faster than L. virens, but the short-term damage after one freezing event did not affect the long-term RGR in any species. Thereby, short-term responses were impaired by freezing, long-term responses were not. While the lacking RGR-responses to freezing suggest that freezing tolerance does not shape the coastal distribution of L. virens, the significant reported adverse short-term effects in L. virens may be aggravated by repeated freezing-thawing cycles in cold winters. In such a perspective, repeated freezing may eventually lead to reduced long-term fitness in L. virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dipa Paul Chowdhury
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Yngvar Gauslaa
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
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Petruzzellis F, Savi T, Bertuzzi S, Montagner A, Tretiach M, Nardini A. Relationships between water status and photosystem functionality in a chlorolichen and its isolated photobiont. PLANTA 2018; 247:705-714. [PMID: 29170912 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought tolerance was greater in the whole lichen than in its isolated photobiont. Cell turgor state has an influence on the functionality of photosynthetic process in lichens. Irreversible thermodynamics is widely used to describe the water relations of vascular plants. However, poikilohydrous organisms like lichens and aeroterrestrial microalgae have seldom been studied using this approach. Water relations of lichens are generally addressed without separate analysis of the mycobiont and photobiont, and only few studies have correlated changes in photosynthetic efficiency of dehydrating lichens to accurate measurements of their water potential components. We measured water potential isotherms and chlorophyll a fluorescence in the lichen Flavoparmelia caperata harvested in different seasons, as well as in its isolated photobiont, the green alga Trebouxia gelatinosa, either exposed to water stress cycles or fully hydrated. No significant seasonal trends were observed in lichen water relations parameters. Turgor loss point and osmotic potential of the whole thallus were significantly lower than those measured in the photobiont, while differences between the water stressed photobiont and controls were not significant. Dehydration-induced drop of F v/F m was correlated with turgor loss, revealing that the photosynthetic activity of lichens partly depends on their turgor level. We provided one of the first quantitative evidences of the influence that turgor status could exert on the functionality of photosynthetic processes in lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petruzzellis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Tadeja Savi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Bertuzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Montagner
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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Colesie C, Büdel B, Hurry V, Green TGA. Can Antarctic lichens acclimatize to changes in temperature? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1123-1135. [PMID: 29143417 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic Peninsula, a tundra biome dominated by lichens and bryophytes, is an ecozone undergoing rapid temperature shifts. Such changes may demand a high physiological plasticity of the local lichen species to maintain their role as key drivers in this pristine habitat. This study examines the response of net photosynthesis and respiration to increasing temperatures for three Antarctic lichen species with different ecological response amplitudes. We hypothesize that negative effects caused by increased temperatures can be mitigated by thermal acclimation of respiration and/or photosynthesis. The fully controlled growth chamber experiment simulated intermediate and extreme temperature increases over the time course of 6 weeks. Results showed that, in contrast to our hypothesis, none of the species was able to down-regulate temperature-driven respiratory losses through thermal acclimation of respiration. Instead, severe effects on photobiont vitality demonstrated that temperatures around 15°C mark the upper limit for the two species restricted to the Antarctic, and when mycobiont demands exceeded the photobiont capacity they could not survive within the lichen thallus. In contrast, the widespread lichen species was able to recover its homoeostasis by rapidly increasing net photosynthesis. We conclude that to understand the complete lichen response, acclimation processes of both symbionts, the photo- and the mycobiont, have to be evaluated separately. As a result, we postulate that any acclimation processes in lichen are species-specific. This, together with the high degree of response variability and sensitivity to temperature in different species that co-occur spatially close, complicates any predictions regarding future community composition in the Antarctic. Nevertheless, our results suggest that species with a broad ecological amplitude may be favoured with on-going changes in temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Colesie
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Burkhard Büdel
- Department of Plant Ecology and Systematics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas George Allan Green
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Merinero S, Gauslaa Y. Specialized fungal parasites reduce fitness of their lichen hosts. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:175-182. [PMID: 29155927 PMCID: PMC5786238 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Understanding to what extent parasites affect host fitness is a focus of research on ecological interactions. Fungal parasites usually affect the functions of vascular plants. However, parasitic interactions comprising effects of fungal parasites on the fitness of lichen hosts are less well known. This study assesses the effects of the abundance of two highly specialized gall-forming fungi on growth of their two respective lichen hosts and tests whether these fungal parasites reduce lichen fitness. Methods The relative biomass and thallus area growth rates, and change in specific thallus mass of Lobaria pulmonaria and L. scrobiculata were compared between lichens with and without galls of the lichenicolous fungi Plectocarpon lichenum and P. scrobiculatae, cultivated in a growth chamber for 14 d. By estimating the thallus area occupied by the galls, it was also assessed whether growth rates varied with effective photosynthetic lichen surface area. Key results Plectocarpon galls significantly reduced relative growth rates of the lichen hosts. Growth rates decreased with increasing cover of parasitic galls. The presence of Plectocarpon-galls per se, not the reduced photosynthetic thallus surface due to gall induction, reduced relative growth rates in infected hosts. Specific thallus mass in the hosts changed in species-specific ways. Conclusions This study shows that specialized fungal parasites can reduce lichen fitness by reducing their growth rates. Higher parasite fitness correlated with lower host fitness, supporting the view that these associations are antagonistic. By reducing hosts' growth rates, these parasites in their symptomatic life stage may affect important lichen functions. This fungal parasite-lichen study widens the knowledge on the ecological effects of parasitism on autotrophic hosts and expands our understanding of parasitic interactions across overlooked taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Merinero
- Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yngvar Gauslaa
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Fernández-Marín B, Holzinger A, García-Plazaola J. Photosynthetic Strategies of Desiccation-Tolerant Organisms. HANDBOOK OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, THIRD EDITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/b19498-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Alam MA, Gauslaa Y, Solhaug KA. Soluble carbohydrates and relative growth rates in chloro-, cyano- and cephalolichens: effects of temperature and nocturnal hydration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:750-62. [PMID: 26017819 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This growth chamber experiment evaluates how temperature and humidity regimes shape soluble carbohydrate pools and growth rates in lichens with different photobionts. We assessed soluble carbohydrates, relative growth rates (RGRs) and relative thallus area growth rates (RTA GRs) in Parmelia sulcata (chlorolichen), Peltigera canina (cyanolichen) and Peltigera aphthosa (cephalolichen) cultivated for 14 d (150 μmol m(-2) s(-1) ; 12-h photoperiod) at four day : night temperatures (28 : 23°C, 20 : 15°C, 13 : 8°C, 6 : 1°C) and two hydration regimes (hydration during the day, dry at night; hydration day : night). The major carbohydrates were mannitol (cephalolichen), glucose (cyanolichen) and arabitol (chlorolichen). Mannitol occurred in all species. During cultivation, total carbohydrate pools decreased in cephalo-/cyanolichens, but increased in the chlorolichen. Carbohydrates varied less than growth with temperature and humidity. All lichens grew rapidly, particularly at 13 : 8°C. RGRs and RTA GRs were significantly higher in lichens hydrated for 24 h than for 12 h. Strong photoinhibition occurred in cephalo- and cyanolichens kept in cool dry nights, resulting in positive relationships between RGR and dark-adapted photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (Fv /Fm ). RGR increased significantly with the photobiont-specific carbohydrate pools within all species. Average RGR peaked in the chlorolichen lowest in total and photobiont carbohydrates. Nocturnal hydration improved recovery from photoinhibition and/or enhanced conversion rates of photosynthates into growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Azharul Alam
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Yngvar Gauslaa
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
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Marks JA, Pett-Ridge JC, Perakis SS, Allen JL, McCune B. Response of the nitrogen-fixing lichenLobaria pulmonariato phosphorus, molybdenum, and vanadium. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es15-00140.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Epiphytic lichen growth in Mediterranean forests: Effects of proximity to the ground and reproductive stage. Basic Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Aschenbrenner IA, Cardinale M, Berg G, Grube M. Microbial cargo: do bacteria on symbiotic propagules reinforce the microbiome of lichens? Environ Microbiol 2015; 16:3743-52. [PMID: 25331462 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to recent research, bacteria contribute as recurrent associates to the lichen symbiosis. Yet, the variation of the microbiomes within species and across geographically separated populations remained largely elusive. As a quite common dispersal mode, lichens evolved vertical transmission of both fungal and algal partners in specifically designed mitotic propagules. Bacteria, if co-transmitted with these symbiotic propagules, could contribute to a geographical structure of lichen-associated microbiomes. The lung lichen was sampled from three localities in eastern Austria to analyse their associated bacterial communities by bar-coded pyrosequencing, network analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. For the first time, bacteria were documented to colonize symbiotic propagules of lichens developed for short-distance transmission of the symbionts. The propagules share the overall bacterial community structure with the thalli at class level, except for filamentous Cyanobacteria (Nostocophycideae), and with Alphaproteobacteria as predominant group. All three sampling sites share a core fraction of the microbiome. Bacterial communities of lichen thalli from the same sampling site showed higher similarity than those of distant populations. This variation and the potential co-dispersal of a microbiome fraction with structures of the host organism contribute new aspects to the 'everything is everywhere' hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Aline Aschenbrenner
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Nadyeina O, Dymytrova L, Naumovych A, Postoyalkin S, Werth S, Cheenacharoen S, Scheidegger C. Microclimatic differentiation of gene pools in theLobaria pulmonariasymbiosis in a primeval forest landscape. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5164-78. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Nadyeina
- Lichenology & Bryology; M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany; Tereschenkivska str. 2 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
- Botany; Kherson State University; 40 Rokiv Zhovtnya str. 27 73000 Kherson Ukraine
| | - Lyudmyla Dymytrova
- Lichenology & Bryology; M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany; Tereschenkivska str. 2 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
- Botany; Kherson State University; 40 Rokiv Zhovtnya str. 27 73000 Kherson Ukraine
| | - Anna Naumovych
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest; Snow and Landscape Research WSL; Zürcherstrasse 111 CH-8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Sergyi Postoyalkin
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest; Snow and Landscape Research WSL; Zürcherstrasse 111 CH-8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Silke Werth
- Botany; Kherson State University; 40 Rokiv Zhovtnya str. 27 73000 Kherson Ukraine
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Iceland; Sturlugata 7 101 Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Saran Cheenacharoen
- Botany; Kherson State University; 40 Rokiv Zhovtnya str. 27 73000 Kherson Ukraine
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