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Peptidomics as a Tool to Assess the Cleavage of Wine Haze Proteins by Peptidases from Drosophila suzukii Larvae. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030451. [PMID: 36979386 PMCID: PMC10046487 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermolabile grape berry proteins such as thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) and chitinases (CHIs) promote haze formation in bottled wines if not properly fined. As a natural grapevine pest, the spotted-wing fly Drosophila suzukii is a promising source of peptidases that break down grape berry proteins because the larvae develop and feed inside mature berries. Therefore, we produced recombinant TLP and CHI as model thermolabile wine haze proteins and applied a peptidomics strategy to investigate whether D. suzukii larval peptidases were able to digest them under acidic conditions (pH 3.5), which are typically found in winemaking practices. The activity of the novel peptidases was confirmed by mass spectrometry, and cleavage sites within the wine haze proteins were visualized in 3D protein models. The combination of recombinant haze proteins and peptidomics provides a valuable screening tool to identify optimal peptidases suitable for clarification processes in the winemaking industry.
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Matignon L, Lo MM, Monpierre M, Correia MV, Valencia DP, Palmeira-Mello MV, Sylvestre MN, Pruneau L, Sylvestre M, Domenech A, Benfodda Z, Meffre P, Cebrián-Torrejón G. Phytochemical and Biological Study of Trophic Interaction between Pseudosphinx Tetrio L. Larvae and Allamanda Cathartica L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:520. [PMID: 36771605 PMCID: PMC9921458 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we propose to explore the chemical interaction between Pseudosphinx tetrio L. and Allamanda cathartica L. using different analytical methods, including an innovative electrochemical approach (called electrochemical ecology) and multivariate analysis, and we investigate the potential antimicrobial effects (antibacterial and antifungal activities) of this interaction in order to gain a better understanding of their specific interaction. The analytical study presents a similar chemical profile between the leaves of healthy and herbivorous A. cathartica and the excretions of the caterpillars. The similar analytical profile of the leaves of A. cathartica and the excretions of P. tetrio, and the difference with the caterpillar bodies, suggests a selective excretion of compounds by the caterpillar. The measured antimicrobial activities support the physicochemical tests. The natural products found selectively in the excretions (rather than in the body) could explain the ability of P. tetrio to feed on this toxic Apocynaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Matignon
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, Fouillole Campus, University of the French West Indies, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Mame Marietou Lo
- CHROME Laboratory, EA7352, University of Nîmes, CEDEX 1, 30021 Nîmes, France
| | - Magneric Monpierre
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Department of Chemistry, Fouillole Campus, University of the French West Indies, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Mauro Vicentini Correia
- Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Drochss Pettry Valencia
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana sede Cali, Calle 18 No. 118-250, Cali 760031, Colombia
| | - Marcos V. Palmeira-Mello
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro S. João Batista S/N, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Marie-Noëlle Sylvestre
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Department of Chemistry, Fouillole Campus, University of the French West Indies, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Ludovic Pruneau
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Department of Chemistry, Fouillole Campus, University of the French West Indies, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Muriel Sylvestre
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, Fouillole Campus, University of the French West Indies, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Antonio Domenech
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Zohra Benfodda
- CHROME Laboratory, EA7352, University of Nîmes, CEDEX 1, 30021 Nîmes, France
| | - Patrick Meffre
- CHROME Laboratory, EA7352, University of Nîmes, CEDEX 1, 30021 Nîmes, France
| | - Gerardo Cebrián-Torrejón
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, Fouillole Campus, University of the French West Indies, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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Yan T, Zhou Z, Wang R, Bao D, Li S, Li A, Yu R, Wuriyanghan H. A cluster of atypical resistance genes in soybean confers broad-spectrum antiviral activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1277-1293. [PMID: 34730802 PMCID: PMC8825445 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a severe soybean (Glycine max) pathogen. Here we characterize a soybean SMV resistance cluster (SRC) that comprises five resistance (R) genes. SRC1 encodes a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor and nucleotide-binding site (TIR-NBS [TN]) protein, SRC4 and SRC6 encode TIR proteins with a short EF-hand domain, while SRC7 and SRC8 encode TNX proteins with a noncanonical basic secretory protein (BSP) domain at their C-termini. We mainly studied SRC7, which contains a noncanonical BSP domain and gave full resistance to SMV. SRC7 possessed broad-spectrum antiviral activity toward several plant viruses including SMV, plum pox virus, potato virus Y, and tobacco mosaic virus. The TIR domain alone was both necessary and sufficient for SRC7 immune signaling, while the NBS domain enhanced its activity. Nuclear oligomerization via the interactions of both TIR and NBS domains was essential for SRC7 function. SRC7 expression was transcriptionally inducible by SMV infection and salicylic acid (SA) treatment, and SA was required for SRC7 triggered virus resistance. SRC7 expression was posttranscriptionally regulated by miR1510a and miR2109, and the SRC7-miR1510a/miR2109 regulatory network appeared to contribute to SMV-soybean interactions in both resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars. In summary, we report a soybean R gene cluster centered by SRC7 that is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, possesses a yet uncharacterized BSP domain, and has broad-spectrum antiviral activities. The SRC cluster is special as it harbors several functional R genes encoding atypical TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) type R proteins, highlighting its importance in SMV-soybean interaction and plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Zikai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Duran Bao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Aoga Li
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Ruonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Hada Wuriyanghan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
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Castelblanque L, García-Andrade J, Martínez-Arias C, Rodríguez JJ, Escaray FJ, Aguilar-Fenollosa E, Jaques JA, Vera P. Opposing roles of plant laticifer cells in the resistance to insect herbivores and fungal pathogens. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100112. [PMID: 34027388 PMCID: PMC8132127 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
More than 12,000 plant species (ca. 10% of flowering plants) exude latex when their tissues are injured. Latex is produced and stored in specialized cells named "laticifers". Laticifers form a tubing system composed of rows of elongated cells that branch and create an internal network encompassing the entire plant. Laticifers constitute a recent evolutionary achievement in ecophysiological adaptation to specific natural environments; however, their fitness benefit to the plant still remains to be proven. The identification of Euphorbia lathyris mutants (pil mutants) deficient in laticifer cells or latex metabolism, and therefore compromised in latex production, allowed us to test the importance of laticifers in pest resistance. We provided genetic evidence indicating that laticifers represent a cellular adaptation for an essential defense strategy to fend off arthropod herbivores with different feeding habits, such as Spodoptera exigua and Tetranychus urticae. In marked contrast, we also discovered that a lack of laticifer cells causes complete resistance to the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Thereafter, a latex-derived factor required for conidia germination on the leaf surface was identified. This factor promoted disease susceptibility enhancement even in the non-latex-bearing plant Arabidopsis. We speculate on the role of laticifers in the co-evolutionary arms race between plants and their enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Castelblanque
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politécnica de València-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier García-Andrade
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politécnica de València-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Martínez-Arias
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politécnica de València-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J. Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politécnica de València-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Escaray
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politécnica de València-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ernestina Aguilar-Fenollosa
- Universitat Jaume I, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Campus del Riu Sec, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Josep A. Jaques
- Universitat Jaume I, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Campus del Riu Sec, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Pablo Vera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politécnica de València-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Ramos MV, Demarco D, da Costa Souza IC, de Freitas CDT. Laticifers, Latex, and Their Role in Plant Defense. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:553-567. [PMID: 30979674 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Latex, a sap produced by cells called laticifers, occurs in plants of wide taxonomic diversity. Plants exude latex sap in response to physical damage. Questions about the function of latex or the underlying mechanisms persist, but a role in defense is likely. The presence of constitutive peptidases in latex sap in addition to inducible and de novo synthesized pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins), raises the question about the role that each sap component plays to protect plants and how synergism occurs among sap proteins in the course of herbivory or infection. Here we discuss a variety of functions for laticifer and latex in plant defense. We propose that latex peptidases build the front line of defense against herbivores or pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Viana Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Fortaleza-Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil.
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina da Costa Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Fortaleza-Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Diniz Teixeira de Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Fortaleza-Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil
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Li-Byarlay H, Pittendrigh BR, Murdock LL. Plant Defense Inhibitors Affect the Structures of Midgut Cells in Drosophila melanogaster and Callosobruchus maculatus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 8:71-79. [PMID: 27594789 PMCID: PMC5005011 DOI: 10.4137/ijis.s28595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce proteins such as protease inhibitors and lectins as defenses against herbivorous insects and pathogens. However, no systematic studies have explored the structural responses in the midguts of insects when challenged with plant defensive proteins and lectins across different species. In this study, we fed two kinds of protease inhibitors and lectins to the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and alpha-amylase inhibitors and lectins to the cowpea bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus. We assessed the changes in midgut cell structures by comparing them with such structures in insects receiving normal diets or subjected to food deprivation. Using light and transmission electron microscopy in both species, we observed structural changes in the midgut peritrophic matrix as well as shortened microvilli on the surfaces of midgut epithelial cells in D. melanogaster. Dietary inhibitors and lectins caused similar lesions in the epithelial cells but not much change in the peritrophic matrix in both species. We also noted structural damages in the Drosophila midgut after six hours of starvation and changes were still present after 12 hours. Our study provided the first evidence of key structural changes of midguts using a comparative approach between a dipteran and a coleopteran. Our particular observation and discussion on plant-insect interaction and dietary stress are relevant for future mode of action studies of plant defensive protein in insect physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li-Byarlay
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- The W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Barry R. Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, Natural Science Building, East Lansing MI, USA
| | - Larry L. Murdock
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Vilanova C, Baixeras J, Latorre A, Porcar M. The Generalist Inside the Specialist: Gut Bacterial Communities of Two Insect Species Feeding on Toxic Plants Are Dominated by Enterococcus sp. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1005. [PMID: 27446044 PMCID: PMC4923067 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some specialist insects feed on plants rich in secondary compounds, which pose a major selective pressure on both the phytophagous and the gut microbiota. However, microbial communities of toxic plant feeders are still poorly characterized. Here, we show the bacterial communities of the gut of two specialized Lepidoptera, Hyles euphorbiae and Brithys crini, which exclusively feed on latex-rich Euphorbia sp. and alkaloid-rich Pancratium maritimum, respectively. A metagenomic analysis based on high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the gut microbiota of both insects is dominated by the phylum Firmicutes, and especially by the common gut inhabitant Enterococcus sp. Staphylococcus sp. are also found in H. euphorbiae though to a lesser extent. By scanning electron microscopy, we found a dense ring-shaped bacterial biofilm in the hindgut of H. euphorbiae, and identified the most prominent bacterium in the biofilm as Enterococcus casseliflavus through molecular techniques. Interestingly, this species has previously been reported to contribute to the immobilization of latex-like molecules in the larvae of Spodoptera litura, a highly polyphagous lepidopteran. The E. casseliflavus strain was isolated from the gut and its ability to tolerate natural latex was tested under laboratory conditions. This fact, along with the identification of less frequent bacterial species able to degrade alkaloids and/or latex, suggest a putative role of bacterial communities in the tolerance of specialized insects to their toxic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vilanova
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de ValènciaValencia, Spain; Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia-CSICValencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Baixeras
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de València Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Latorre
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de ValènciaValencia, Spain; Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia-CSICValencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud, Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud PúblicaValencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Porcar
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de ValènciaValencia, Spain; Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia-CSICValencia, Spain
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