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Wang J, Yang B, Zhang F, Wang J, Xue K, Hussain Chang B, Zhang J, Qin X. Identification and Expression Analysis of Cytochrome P450 Genes Probably Involved in Triterpenoid Saponins Biosynthesis in Astragalus mongholicus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8333. [PMID: 39125903 PMCID: PMC11312233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (P450s) are one of the largest enzymatic protein families and play critical roles in the synthesis and metabolism of plant secondary metabolites. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the primary active components in Astragalus herbs, exhibiting diverse biological activities and pharmacological effects. However, P450s involved in the astragaloside biosynthesis have not been systematically analyzed in Astragalus mongholicus (A. mongholicus). In this study, we identified 209 P450 genes from the genome of A. mongholicus (AmP450s), which were classified into nine clans and 47 families and performed a systematic overview of their physical and chemical properties, phylogeny, gene structures and conserved motifs. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that AmP450s are critical in the astragaloside biosynthesis pathway. The expression levels of these AmP450s were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis in the root, stem and leaf, showing that most AmP450s are abundant in the root. Additionally, the correlation analysis between gene expressions and AS-IV content showed that twelve AmP450s, especially CYP71A28, CYP71D16 and CYP72A69, may have significant potential in the biosynthesis of astragaloside. This study systematically investigates the P450s of A. mongholicus and offers valuable insights into further exploring the functions of CYP450s in the astragaloside biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.W.); (B.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Baoping Yang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.W.); (B.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.W.); (B.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaorui Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.W.); (B.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Kunlun Xue
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (K.X.); (B.H.C.)
| | - Babar Hussain Chang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (K.X.); (B.H.C.)
- Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
| | - Jianqin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (K.X.); (B.H.C.)
| | - Xuemei Qin
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (K.X.); (B.H.C.)
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Wang W, Chen M, Li H, Wu X, He C, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zheng H. Genome-wide analysis of the cytochrome P450 gene family in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and their expression profiles during gonad development. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101291. [PMID: 39018793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene superfamily plays a significant role in various physiological processes, producing different compounds such as hormones, fatty acids, and biomolecules. However, little information is known their roles during gonad development in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). In this study, total of 116 CgCYP (Crassostrea gigas cytochrome P450) genes were identified and their expression pattern was analyzed for the first time. The relative molecular weights of these CgCYP genes ranged from 63.52 to 113.41 kDa, and the length of encoded amino acids ranged from 103 to 993. And total 26 cis-acting elements of these CgCYP genes were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed some CgCYP genes are essential for the metabolism of male and female sex hormones. Additionally, expression anslysis showed 69 CgCYP genes were over-expressed in early gonad development and triploid infertile individuals. More importantly, expression levels of CgCYP1, CgCYP15, CgCYP34, CgCYP46, CgCYP69, CgCYP87, CgCYP88, and CgCYP103, were found to be significantly higher in female gonad, suggesting their important roles in female gonad development. The results of this study will provide a better understanding of the CgCYP genes in the gonad development of Pacific oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Meizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xuanbing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Chuanxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongkuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center of Engineering Technology for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China.
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Nagayoshi H, Murayama N, Kim V, Kim D, Takenaka S, Yamazaki H, Guengerich FP, Shimada T. Oxidation of Naringenin, Apigenin, and Genistein by Human Family 1 Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Comparison of Interaction of Apigenin with Human P450 1B1.1 and Scutellaria P450 82D.1. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1778-1788. [PMID: 37783573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Naringenin, an initial synthesized flavanone in various plant species, is further utilized for production of many biologically active flavonoids, e.g., apigenin, eriodictyol, and genistein, by various plant enzymes including cytochrome P450s (P450s or CYPs). We examined how these flavonoids are oxidized by human P450 family 1 and 2A enzymes. Naringenin was principally oxidized at the 3'-position to form eriodictyol by CYP1 enzymes more efficiently than by CYP2A enzymes, and the resulting eriodictyol was further oxidized to two penta-hydroxylated products. In contrast to plant P450 enzymes, these human P450s did not mediate the desaturation of naringenin and eriodictyol to give apigenin and luteolin, respectively. Apigenin was oxidized at the C3' and C6 positions to form luteolin and scutellarein by these P450s. CYP1B1.1 and 1B1.3 had high activities in apigenin 6-hydroxylation with a homotropic cooperative manner, as has been observed previously in chrysin 6-hydroxylation (Nagayoshi et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2019, 32, 1268-1280). Molecular docking analysis suggested that CYP1B1 had two apigenin binding sites and showed similarities in substrate recognition sites to plant CYP82D.1, one of the enzymes in catalyzing apigenin and chrysin 6-hydroxylations in Scutellaria baicalensis. The present results suggest that human CYP1 enzymes and CYP2A13 in some reactions have important roles in the oxidation of naringenin, eriodictyol, apigenin, and genistein and that human CYP1B1 and Scutellaria CYP82D.1 have similarities in their SRS regions, catalyzing 6-hydroxylation of both apigenin and chrysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Nagayoshi
- Food Chemistry Section, Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Vitchan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05025, Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05025, Korea
| | - Shigeo Takenaka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino, Osaka 583-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Tsutomu Shimada
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino, Osaka 583-8555, Japan
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Yadav M, Panwar R, Rustagi A, Chakraborty A, Roy A, Singh IK, Singh A. Comprehensive and evolutionary analysis of Spodoptera litura-inducible Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene family in Glycine max elucidate their role in defense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1221526. [PMID: 38023937 PMCID: PMC10654349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1221526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile organisms and lacking both circulating phagocytic cells and somatic adaptive immune response, have thrived on various defense mechanisms to fend off insect pests and invasion of pathogens. CYP450s are the versatile enzymes, which thwart plants against insect pests by ubiquitous biosynthesis of phytohormones, antioxidants, and secondary metabolites, utilizing them as feeding deterrents and direct toxins. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of biotic stress-responsive CYPs from Glycine max was performed to ascertain their function against S. litura-infestation. Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary studies on conserved domains and motifs disclosed the evolutionary correspondence of these GmCYPs with already characterized members of the CYP450 superfamily and close relatedness to Medicago truncatula. These GmCYPs were mapped on 13 chromosomes; they possess 1-8 exons; they have evolved due to duplication and are localized in endoplasmic reticulumn. Further, identification of methyl-jasmonate, salicylic acid, defense responsive and flavonoid biosynthesis regulating cis-acting elements, their interaction with biotic stress regulating proteins and their differential expression in diverse types of tissues, and during herbivory, depicted their responsiveness to biotic stress. Three-dimensional homology modelling of GmCYPs, docking with heme cofactor required for their catalytic activity and enzyme-substrate interactions were performed to understand the functional mechanism of their action. Moreover, to gain insight into their involvement in plant defense, gene expression analysis was evaluated, which revealed differential expression of 11 GmCYPs upon S. litura-infestation, 12 GmCYPs on wounding while foliar spray of ethylene, methyl-jasmonate and salicylic acid differentially regulated 11 GmCYPs, 6 GmCYPs, and 10 GmCYPs respectively. Our study comprehensively analysed the underlying mechanism of GmCYPs function during S. litura-infestation, which can be further utilized for functional characterization to develop new strategies for enhancing soybean resistance to insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Yadav
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- J C Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ruby Panwar
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjana Rustagi
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- EVA 4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Amit Roy
- Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, EXTEMIT-K, EVA 4.0, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Indrakant K. Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- J C Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Malik C, Dwivedi S, Rabuma T, Kumar R, Singh N, Kumar A, Yogi R, Chhokar V. De novo sequencing, assembly, and characterization of Asparagus racemosus transcriptome and analysis of expression profile of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Front Genet 2023; 14:1236517. [PMID: 37745855 PMCID: PMC10513371 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1236517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagus racemosus is known for its diverse content of secondary metabolites, i.e., saponins, alkaloids, and a wide range of flavonoids. Flavonoids, including phenols and polyphenols, have a significant role in plant physiology and are synthesized in several tissues. Despite the diverse role of flavonoids, genetic information is limited for flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in A. racemosus. The current study explores full-scale functional genomics information of A. racemosus by de novo transcriptome sequencing using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology to elucidate the genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The de novo assembly of high-quality paired-end reads resulted in ∼2.3 million high-quality reads with a pooled transcript of 45,647 comprising ∼76 Mb transcriptome with a mean length (bp) of 1,674 and N50 of 1,868bp. Furthermore, the coding sequence (CDS) prediction analysis from 45,647 pooled transcripts resulted in 45,444 CDS with a total length and mean length of 76,398,686 and 1,674, respectively. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis resulted in a high number of CDSs assigned to 25,342 GO terms, which grouped the predicted CDS into three main domains, i.e., Biological Process (19,550), Molecular Function (19,873), and Cellular Component (14,577). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database was used to categorize 6,353 CDS into 25 distinct biological pathway categories, in which the majority of mapped CDS were shown to be related to translation (645), followed by signal transduction (532), carbohydrate metabolism (524), folding, sorting, and degradation (522). Among these, only ∼64 and 14 CDSs were found to be involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, respectively. Quantitative Real-time PCR was used to check the expression profile of fourteen potential flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes. The qRT-PCR analysis result matches the transcriptome sequence data validating the Illumina sequence results. Moreover, a large number of genes associated with the flavonoids biosynthesis pathway were found to be upregulated under the induction of methyl jasmonate. The present-day study on transcriptome sequence data of A. racemosus can be utilized for characterizing genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways and for functional genomics analysis in A. racemosus using the reverse genetics approach (CRISPR/Cas9 technology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Malik
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhanshu Dwivedi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Tilahun Rabuma
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nitesh Singh
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Yogi
- UIBT-Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Chhokar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Chakraborty P, Biswas A, Dey S, Bhattacharjee T, Chakrabarty S. Cytochrome P450 Gene Families: Role in Plant Secondary Metabolites Production and Plant Defense. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:402-423. [PMID: 37606423 PMCID: PMC10443375 DOI: 10.3390/jox13030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the most prominent family of enzymes involved in NADPH- and O2-dependent hydroxylation processes throughout all spheres of life. CYPs are crucial for the detoxification of xenobiotics in plants, insects, and other organisms. In addition to performing this function, CYPs serve as flexible catalysts and are essential for producing secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants. Numerous biotic and abiotic stresses frequently affect the growth and development of plants. They cause a dramatic decrease in crop yield and a deterioration in crop quality. Plants protect themselves against these stresses through different mechanisms, which are accomplished by the active participation of CYPs in several biosynthetic and detoxifying pathways. There are immense potentialities for using CYPs as a candidate for developing agricultural crop species resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors. This review provides an overview of the plant CYP families and their functions to plant secondary metabolite production and defense against different biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Chakraborty
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Ashok Biswas
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Susmita Dey
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Tuli Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Swapan Chakrabarty
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- College of Computing, Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Liu J, Li G, Wang R, Wang G, Wan Y. Genome-Wide Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors Involved in Abiotic Stress and ABA Response in Caragana korshinskii. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119519. [PMID: 37298467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor family plays a vital role in plant development and environmental response. However, the information of WRKY genes at the genome-wide level is rarely reported in Caragana korshinskii. In this study, we identified and renamed 86 CkWRKY genes, which were further classified into three groups through phylogenetic analysis. Most of these WRKY genes were clustered and distributed on eight chromosomes. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the conserved domain (WRKYGQK) of the CkWRKYs was basically consistent, but there were also six variation types (WRKYGKK, GRKYGQK, WRMYGQK, WRKYGHK, WKKYEEK and RRKYGQK) that appeared. The motif composition of the CkWRKYs was quite conservative in each group. In general, the number of WRKY genes gradually increased from lower to higher plant species in the evolutionary analysis of 28 species, with some exceptions. Transcriptomics data and RT-qPCR analysis showed that the CkWRKYs in different groups were involved in abiotic stresses and ABA response. Our results provided a basis for the functional characterization of the CkWRKYs involved in stress resistance in C. korshinskii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Guojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ruigang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Guangxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yongqing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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Decsi K, Kutasy B, Hegedűs G, Alföldi ZP, Kálmán N, Nagy Á, Virág E. Natural immunity stimulation using ELICE16INDURES® plant conditioner in field culture of soybean. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12907. [PMID: 36691550 PMCID: PMC9860300 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, climate change has had an increasing impact on the world. Innate defense mechanisms operating in plants - such as PAMP-triggered Immunity (PTI) - help to reduce the adverse effects caused by various abiotic and biotic stressors. In this study, the effects of ELICE16INDURES® plant conditioner for organic farming, developed by the Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd. Budakalász Hungary, were studied in a soybean population in Northern Hungary. The active compounds and ingredients of this product were selected in such a way as to facilitate the triggering of general plant immunity without the presence and harmful effects of pathogens, thereby strengthening the healthy plant population and preparing it for possible stress effects. In practice, treatments of this agent were applied at two different time points and two concentrations. The conditioning effect was well demonstrated by using agro-drone and ENDVI determination in the soybean field. The genetic background of healthier plants was investigated by NGS sequencing, and by the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in the catalysis of metabolic pathways regulating PTI. The genome-wide transcriptional profiling resulted in 13 contigs related to PAMP-triggered immunity and activated as a result of the treatments. Further analyses showed 16 additional PTI-related contigs whose gene expression changed positively as a result of the treatments. The gene expression values of genes encoded in these contigs were determined by in silico mRNA quantification and validated by RT-qPCR. Both - relatively low and high treatments - showed an increase in gene expression of key genes involving AOC, IFS, MAPK4, MEKK, and GST. Transcriptomic results indicated that the biosyntheses of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, phytoalexin, and cellular detoxification processes were triggered in the appropriate molecular steps and suggested that plant immune reactions may be activated also artificially, and innate immunity can be enhanced with proper plant biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kincső Decsi
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Campus Keszthely, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Georgikon, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kutasy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Campus Keszthely, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Georgikon, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Géza Hegedűs
- EduCoMat Ltd., Keszthely, Hungary
- Department of Information Technology and Its Applications, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Pannonia, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Péter Alföldi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Campus Keszthely, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Georgikon, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Kálmán
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Nagy
- Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Budakalász, Hungary
| | - Eszter Virág
- EduCoMat Ltd., Keszthely, Hungary
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Budakalász, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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