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Zhang M, Cheng W, Wang J, Cheng T, Lin X, Zhang Q, Li C. Genome-Wide Identification of Callose Synthase Family Genes and Their Expression Analysis in Floral Bud Development and Hormonal Responses in Prunus mume. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4159. [PMID: 38140486 PMCID: PMC10748206 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Callose is an important polysaccharide composed of beta-1,3-glucans and is widely implicated in plant development and defense responses. Callose synthesis is mainly catalyzed by a family of callose synthases, also known as glucan synthase-like (GSL) enzymes. Despite the fact that GSL family genes were studied in a few plant species, their functional roles have not been fully understood in woody perennials. In this study, we identified total of 84 GSL genes in seven plant species and classified them into six phylogenetic clades. An evolutionary analysis revealed different modes of duplication driving the expansion of GSL family genes in monocot and dicot species, with strong purifying selection constraining the protein evolution. We further examined the gene structure, protein sequences, and physiochemical properties of 11 GSL enzymes in Prunus mume and observed strong sequence conservation within the functional domain of PmGSL proteins. However, the exon-intron distribution and protein motif composition are less conservative among PmGSL genes. With a promoter analysis, we detected abundant hormonal responsive cis-acting elements and we inferred the putative transcription factors regulating PmGSLs. To further understand the function of GSL family genes, we analyzed their expression patterns across different tissues, and during the process of floral bud development, pathogen infection, and hormonal responses in Prunus species and identified multiple GSL gene members possibly implicated in the callose deposition associated with bud dormancy cycling, pathogen infection, and hormone signaling. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of GSL family genes in Prunus species and has laid the foundation for future functional research of callose synthase genes in perennial trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (W.C.); (J.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Wenhui Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (W.C.); (J.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (W.C.); (J.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (W.C.); (J.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Xinlian Lin
- Flower Research Institute, Meizhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Meizhou 514071, China;
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (W.C.); (J.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Cuiling Li
- Flower Research Institute, Meizhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Meizhou 514071, China;
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Li W, Yuan K, Ren M, Xie Z, Qi K, Gong X, Wang Q, Zhang S, Tao S. PbPDCB16-mediated callose deposition affects the plasmodesmata blockage and reduces lignification in pear fruit. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 337:111876. [PMID: 37748584 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Stone cell, a type of lignified cell, is a unique trait in pear and one of the key factors affects pear fruit quality and economic value. The transmissibility of cell lignification process has been proven to exist, however the effects of callose on the permeability of plasmodesmata (PD) and how to influence cell lignification processes are still unknown. In this study, the genome-wide analysis of PD callose binding proteins (PDCB) gene family in pear genome was performed, and 25 PbPDCB genes were identified and divided into four branches. Similar intron/exon structural patterns were observed in the same branch, strongly supporting their close evolutionary relationship. The expression of PbPDCB16 was negatively correlated with lignin accumulation through qRT-PCR analysis. With transient expression in pear fruit and stable expression in pear calli, the increased callose content accompanied by decreased lignin content was further observed. Besides, compared with wild type Arabidopsis, the transgenic plants grew slowly, and cell walls in the stem were thinner, while fewer PDs were observed on the cell walls, and the interspore filaments were also blocked in transgenic Arabidopsis through the transmission electron microscope (TEM). In summary, overexpression of PbPDCB16 could promote accumulation of callose at PD to affect the PD-mediated intercellular connectivity, and inhibit the intercellular communication. This study will provide new insight in reducing the lignin content through callose deposition, and also provide the theoretical basis for further exploration of lignin metabolism and cell wall lignification to form stone cells in pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaili Yuan
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mei Ren
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Gong
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Shutian Tao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China.
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Ušák D, Haluška S, Pleskot R. Callose synthesis at the center point of plant development-An evolutionary insight. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:54-69. [PMID: 37165709 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Polar callose deposition into the extracellular matrix is tightly controlled in time and space. Its presence in the cell wall modifies the properties of the surrounding area, which is fundamental for the correct execution of numerous processes such as cell division, male gametophyte development, intercellular transport, or responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Previous studies have been invaluable in characterizing specific callose synthases (CalSs) during individual cellular processes. However, the complex view of the relationships between a particular CalS and a specific process is still lacking. Here we review the recent proceedings on the role of callose and individual CalSs in cell wall remodelling from an evolutionary perspective and with a particular focus on cytokinesis. We provide a robust phylogenetic analysis of CalS across the plant kingdom, which implies a 3-subfamily distribution of CalS. We also discuss the possible linkage between the evolution of CalSs and their function in specific cell types and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ušák
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Haluška
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
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