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Vicente R, Bittencourt J, Costa É, Nicoliche E, Gongora M, Di Giacomo J, Bastos VH, Teixeira S, Orsini M, Budde H, Cagy M, Velasques B, Ribeiro P. Differences between hemispheres and in saccade latency regarding volleyball athletes and non-athletes during saccadic eye movements: an analysis using EEG. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2023; 81:876-882. [PMID: 37852289 PMCID: PMC10631850 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The saccadic eye movement is responsible for providing focus to a visual object of interest to the retina. In sports like volleyball, identifying relevant targets quickly is essential to a masterful performance. The training improves cortical regions underlying saccadic action, enabling more automated processing in athletes. OBJECTIVE We investigated changes in the latency during the saccadic eye movement and the absolute theta power on the frontal and prefrontal cortices during the execution of the saccadic eye movement task in volleyball athletes and non-athletes. We hypothesized that the saccade latency and theta power would be lower due to training and perceptual-cognitive enhancement in volleyball players. METHODS We recruited 30 healthy volunteers: 15 volleyball athletes (11 men and 4 women; mean age: 15.08 ± 1.06 years) and 15 non-athletes (5 men and 10 women; mean age: 18.00 ± 1.46 years). All tasks were performed simultaneously with electroencephalography signal recording. RESULTS The latency of the saccadic eye movement presented a significant difference between the groups; a shorter time was observed among the athletes, associated with the players' superiority in terms of attention level. During the experiment, the athletes observed a decrease in absolute theta power compared to non-athletes on the electrodes of each frontal and prefrontal area. CONCLUSION In the present study, we observed the behavior of reaction time and absolute theta power in athletes and non-athletes during a saccadic movement task. Our findings corroborate the premise of cognitive improvement, mainly due to the reduction of saccadic latency and lower beta power, validating the neural efficiency hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Vicente
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Élida Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Nicoliche
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Gongora
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Jessé Di Giacomo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Teresina PI, Brazil.
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Teresina PI, Brazil.
| | - Marco Orsini
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói RJ, Brazil.
| | - Henning Budde
- Medical School Hamburg, Faculty of Human Sciences, Hamburg, Germany.
- Reykjavik University, Department of Sport Science, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Engenharia Biomédica, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
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Krause A, Poth CH. Maintaining eye fixation relieves pressure of cognitive action control. iScience 2023; 26:107520. [PMID: 37636052 PMCID: PMC10457444 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control enables humans to behave guided by their current goals and intentions. Cognitive control in one task generally suffers when humans try to engage in another task on top. However, we discovered an additional task that supports conflict resolution. In two experiments, participants performed a spatial cognitive control task. For different blocks of trials, they either received no instruction regarding eye movements or were asked to maintain the eyes fixated on a stimulus. The additional eye fixation task did not reduce task performance, but selectively ameliorated the adverse effects of cognitive conflicts on reaction times (Experiment 1). Likewise, in urgent situations, the additional task reduced performance impairments due to stimulus-driven processing overpowering cognitive control (Experiment 2). These findings suggest that maintaining eye fixation locks attentional resources that would otherwise induce spatial cognitive conflicts. This reveals an attentional disinhibition that boosts goal-directed action by relieving pressure from cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Krause
- Biopsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Neuro-Cognitive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian H. Poth
- Neuro-Cognitive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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3
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Enhancing the Sense of Attention from an Assistance Mobile Robot by Improving Eye-Gaze Contact from Its Iconic Face Displayed on a Flat Screen. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114282. [PMID: 35684903 PMCID: PMC9185237 DOI: 10.3390/s22114282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
One direct way to express the sense of attention in a human interaction is through the gaze. This paper presents the enhancement of the sense of attention from the face of a human-sized mobile robot during an interaction. This mobile robot was designed as an assistance mobile robot and uses a flat screen at the top of the robot to display an iconic (simplified) face with big round eyes and a single line as a mouth. The implementation of eye-gaze contact from this iconic face is a problem because of the difficulty of simulating real 3D spherical eyes in a 2D image considering the perspective of the person interacting with the mobile robot. The perception of eye-gaze contact has been improved by manually calibrating the gaze of the robot relative to the location of the face of the person interacting with the robot. The sense of attention has been further enhanced by implementing cyclic face explorations with saccades in the gaze and by performing blinking and small movements of the mouth.
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Vass C, Rigby D, Tate K, Stewart A, Payne K. An Exploratory Application of Eye-Tracking Methods in a Discrete Choice Experiment. Med Decis Making 2019; 38:658-672. [PMID: 30074879 PMCID: PMC6088456 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x18782197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are increasingly
used to elicit preferences for benefit-risk tradeoffs. The primary aim of this
study was to explore how eye-tracking methods can be used to understand DCE
respondents’ decision-making strategies. A secondary aim was to explore if the
presentation and communication of risk affected respondents’ choices.
Method. Two versions of a DCE were designed to understand the
preferences of female members of the public for breast screening that varied in
how risk attributes were presented. Risk was communicated as either 1)
percentages or 2) icon arrays and percentages. Eye-tracking equipment recorded
eye movements 1000 times a second. A debriefing survey collected
sociodemographics and self-reported attribute nonattendance (ANA) data. A
heteroskedastic conditional logit model analyzed DCE data. Eye-tracking data on
pupil size, direction of motion, and total visual attention (dwell time) to
predefined areas of interest were analyzed using ordinary least squares
regressions. Results. Forty women completed the DCE with
eye-tracking. There was no statistically significant difference in attention
(fixations) to attributes between the risk communication formats. Respondents
completing either version of the DCE with the alternatives presented in columns
made more horizontal (left-right) saccades than vertical (up-down). Eye-tracking
data confirmed self-reported ANA to the risk attributes with a 40% reduction in
mean dwell time to the “probability of detecting a cancer” (P =
0.001) and a 25% reduction to the “risk of unnecessary follow-up”
(P = 0.008). Conclusion. This study is one of
the first to show how eye-tracking can be used to understand responses to a
health care DCE and highlighted the potential impact of risk communication on
respondents’ decision-making strategies. The results suggested self-reported ANA
to cost attributes may not be reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vass
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dan Rigby
- Department of Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kelly Tate
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Stewart
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Katherine Payne
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Exploring the quiet eye in archery using field- and laboratory-based tasks. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:2843-2855. [PMID: 28660285 PMCID: PMC5550539 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ‘quiet eye’ (QE)—a period of extended gaze fixation on a target—has been reported in many tasks that require accurate aiming. Longer quiet eye durations (QEDs) are reported in experts compared to non-experts and on successful versus less successful trials. The QE has been extensively studied in the field; however, the cognitive mechanisms underlying the QE are not yet fully understood. We investigated the QEDs of ten expert and ten novice archers in the field and in the laboratory using a computer-based archery task. The computer task consisted of shooting archery targets using a joystick. Random ‘noise’ (visual motion perturbation) was introduced at high and low levels to allow for the controlled examination of the effects of task complexity and processing demands. In this computer task, we also tested an additional group of ten non-archers as controls. In both field and computer tasks, eye movements were measured using electro-oculography. The expert archers exhibited longer QED compared to the novice archers in the field task. In the computer task, the archers again exhibited longer QEDs and were more accurate compared to non-archers. Furthermore, expert archers showed earlier QE onsets and longer QEDs during high noise conditions compared to the novices and non-archers. Our findings show skill-based effects on QED in field conditions and in a novel computer-based archery task, in which online (visual) perturbations modulated experts’ QEDs. These longer QEDs in experts may be used for more efficient programming in which accurate predictions are facilitated by attention control.
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6
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Boutsen FA, Dvorak JD, Pulusu VK, Ross ED. Altered saccadic targets when processing facial expressions under different attentional and stimulus conditions. Vision Res 2017; 133:150-160. [PMID: 28279711 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Depending on a subject's attentional bias, robust changes in emotional perception occur when facial blends (different emotions expressed on upper/lower face) are presented tachistoscopically. If no instructions are given, subjects overwhelmingly identify the lower facial expression when blends are presented to either visual field. If asked to attend to the upper face, subjects overwhelmingly identify the upper facial expression in the left visual field but remain slightly biased to the lower facial expression in the right visual field. The current investigation sought to determine whether differences in initial saccadic targets could help explain the perceptual biases described above. Ten subjects were presented with full and blend facial expressions under different attentional conditions. No saccadic differences were found for left versus right visual field presentations or for full facial versus blend stimuli. When asked to identify the presented emotion, saccades were directed to the lower face. When asked to attend to the upper face, saccades were directed to the upper face. When asked to attend to the upper face and try to identify the emotion, saccades were directed to the upper face but to a lesser degree. Thus, saccadic behavior supports the concept that there are cognitive-attentional pre-attunements when subjects visually process facial expressions. However, these pre-attunements do not fully explain the perceptual superiority of the left visual field for identifying the upper facial expression when facial blends are presented tachistoscopically. Hence other perceptual factors must be in play, such as the phenomenon of virtual scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Boutsen
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, 1200 North Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Justin D Dvorak
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, 1200 North Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Vinay K Pulusu
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and the VA Medical Center (127), 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Elliott D Ross
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and the VA Medical Center (127), 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, 1200 North Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
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7
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Ylitalo AK, Särkkä A, Guttorp P. What we look at in paintings: A comparison between experienced and inexperienced art viewers. Ann Appl Stat 2016. [DOI: 10.1214/16-aoas921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Venini D, Remington RW, Horstmann G, Becker SI. Centre-of-Gravity Fixations in Visual Search: When Looking at Nothing Helps to Find Something. J Ophthalmol 2014; 2014:237812. [PMID: 25002972 PMCID: PMC4065739 DOI: 10.1155/2014/237812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In visual search, some fixations are made between stimuli on empty regions, commonly referred to as "centre-of-gravity" fixations (henceforth: COG fixations). Previous studies have shown that observers with task expertise show more COG fixations than novices. This led to the view that COG fixations reflect simultaneous encoding of multiple stimuli, allowing more efficient processing of task-related items. The present study tested whether COG fixations also aid performance in visual search tasks with unfamiliar and abstract stimuli. Moreover, to provide evidence for the multiple-item processing view, we analysed the effects of COG fixations on the number and dwell times of stimulus fixations. The results showed that (1) search efficiency increased with increasing COG fixations even in search for unfamiliar stimuli and in the absence of special higher-order skills, (2) COG fixations reliably reduced the number of stimulus fixations and their dwell times, indicating processing of multiple distractors, and (3) the proportion of COG fixations was dynamically adapted to potential information gain of COG locations. A second experiment showed that COG fixations are diminished when stimulus positions unpredictably vary across trials. Together, the results support the multiple-item processing view, which has important implications for current theories of visual search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Venini
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, McElwain Building, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Gernot Horstmann
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Bielefeld University, 33602 Bielefeld, Germany
- The University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefanie I. Becker
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Bielefeld University, 33602 Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Walsh DV, Liu L. Adaptation to a simulated central scotoma during visual search training. Vision Res 2014; 96:75-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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The involvement of bottom-up saliency processing in endogenous inhibition of return. Atten Percept Psychophys 2012; 74:285-99. [PMID: 22038667 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-011-0234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Participants are faster at detecting a visual target when it appears at a cued, as compared with an uncued, location. In general, a reversal of this cost-benefit pattern is observed after exogenous cuing when the cue-target interval exceeds approximately 250 ms (inhibition of return [IOR]), and not after endogenous cuing. We suggest that, usually, no IOR is found with endogenous cues because no bottom-up saliency-based orienting processes are claimed. Therefore, we developed an endogenous feature-based split-cue task to allow for endogenous saliency-based orienting. IOR was observed in the saliency-driven endogenous cuing condition, and not in the control condition that prevented saliency-based orienting. These results suggest that usage of saliency-based orienting processes in either endogenous or exogenous orienting warrants the appearance of IOR.
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11
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Abstract
Microsaccades are small eye movements that occur during gaze fixation. Although taking place only when we attempt to stabilize gaze position, microsaccades can be understood by relating them to the larger voluntary saccades, which abruptly shift gaze position. Starting from this approach to microsaccade analysis, I show how it can lead to significant insight about the generation and functional role of these eye movements. Like larger saccades, microsaccades are now known to be generated by brainstem structures involved not only in compiling motor commands for eye movements, but also in identifying and selecting salient target locations in the visual environment. In addition, these small eye movements both influence and are influenced by sensory and cognitive processes in various areas of the brain, and in a manner that is similar to the interactions between larger saccades and sensory or cognitive processes. By approaching the study of microsaccades from the perspective of what has been learned about their larger counterparts, we are now in a position to make greater strides in our understanding of the function of the smallest possible saccadic eye movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad M Hafed
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Paul Ehrlich Str. 17, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.
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12
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Brennan CH. Zebrafish behavioural assays of translational relevance for the study of psychiatric disease. Rev Neurosci 2011; 22:37-48. [PMID: 21615260 DOI: 10.1515/rns.2011.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pathogenesis of the complex behavioural disorders that constitute psychiatric disease is a major challenge for biomedical research. Assays in rodents have contributed significantly to our understanding of the neural basis of behavioural disorders and continue to be one of the main focuses for the development of novel therapeutics. Now, owing to their genetic tractability and optical transparency (allowing in vivo imaging of circuit function) and the rapid expansion of genetic tools, zebrafish are becoming increasingly popular for behavioural genetic research. The increased development of behavioural assays in zebrafish raises the possibility of exploiting the advantages of this system to identify molecular mechanisms contributing to behavioural phenotypes associated with psychiatric disorders as well as potential therapeutics. This mini-review describes behavioural paradigms in zebrafish that can be used to address endophenotypes associated with psychiatric disease. The content reflects the interests of the author and covers tests of cognitive functions, response choice and inhibition, social interaction and executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H Brennan
- Queen Mary University of London, Biological and Experimental Psychology Group, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UK.
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The control of stimulus-driven saccades is subject not to central, but to visual attention limitations. Atten Percept Psychophys 2011; 72:2168-75. [PMID: 21097860 DOI: 10.3758/bf03196692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In three experiments, we investigated whether the control of reflexive saccades is subject to central attention limitations. In a dual-task procedure, Task 1 required either unspeeded reporting or ignoring of briefly presented masked stimuli, whereas Task 2 required a speeded saccade toward a visual target. The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between the two tasks was varied. In Experiments 1 and 2, the Task 1 stimulus was one or three letters, and we asked how saccade target selection is influenced by the number of items. We found (1) longer saccade latencies at short than at long SOAs in the report condition, (2) a substantially larger latency increase for three letters than for one letter, and (3) a latency difference between SOAs in the ignore condition. Broadly, these results match the central interference theory. However, in Experiment 3, an auditory stimulus was used as the Task 1 stimulus, to test whether the interference effects in Experiments 1 and 2 were due to visual instead of central interference. Although there was a small saccade latency increase from short to long SOAs, this difference did not increase from the ignore to the report condition. To explain visual interference effects between letter encoding and stimulus-driven saccade control, we propose an extended theory of visual attention.
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Ni J, Jiang H, Jin Y, Chen N, Wang J, Wang Z, Luo Y, Ma Y, Hu X. Dissociable modulation of overt visual attention in valence and arousal revealed by topology of scan path. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18262. [PMID: 21494331 PMCID: PMC3071806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional stimuli have evolutionary significance for the survival of organisms; therefore, they are attention-grabbing and are processed preferentially. The neural underpinnings of two principle emotional dimensions in affective space, valence (degree of pleasantness) and arousal (intensity of evoked emotion), have been shown to be dissociable in the olfactory, gustatory and memory systems. However, the separable roles of valence and arousal in scene perception are poorly understood. In this study, we asked how these two emotional dimensions modulate overt visual attention. Twenty-two healthy volunteers freely viewed images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) that were graded for affective levels of valence and arousal (high, medium, and low). Subjects' heads were immobilized and eye movements were recorded by camera to track overt shifts of visual attention. Algebraic graph-based approaches were introduced to model scan paths as weighted undirected path graphs, generating global topology metrics that characterize the algebraic connectivity of scan paths. Our data suggest that human subjects show different scanning patterns to stimuli with different affective ratings. Valence salient stimuli (with neutral arousal) elicited faster and larger shifts of attention, while arousal salient stimuli (with neutral valence) elicited local scanning, dense attention allocation and deep processing. Furthermore, our model revealed that the modulatory effect of valence was linearly related to the valence level, whereas the relation between the modulatory effect and the level of arousal was nonlinear. Hence, visual attention seems to be modulated by mechanisms that are separate for valence and arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Ni
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Jin
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanhui Chen
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbo Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanye Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XH); (YM)
| | - Xintian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XH); (YM)
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Singh N, Mishra RK. Simulating motion in figurative language comprehension. Open Neuroimag J 2010; 4:46-52. [PMID: 21379399 PMCID: PMC3048349 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001004010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this visual world eye tracking study we explored simulation of fictive motion during language comprehension in figurative sentences in Hindi. Eye movement measures suggest that language comprehenders gaze longer at visual scenes on hearing fictive motion sentences compared to their literal counterparts. The results support previous findings in English and provide cross linguistic evidence for the simulation and embodied views of language processing. We discuss the findings in the light of neuroimaging models and language vision interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Singh
- Centre for Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, Allahabad University, India
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