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Jenniskens JCA, Offermans K, Samarska I, Fazzi GE, Simons CCJM, Smits KM, Schouten LJ, Weijenberg MP, van den Brandt PA, Grabsch HI. Validity and Reproducibility of Immunohistochemical Scoring by Trained Non-Pathologists on Tissue Microarrays. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1867-1874. [PMID: 34272264 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scoring of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining is often done by non-pathologists, especially in large-scale tissue microarray (TMA)-based studies. Studies on the validity and reproducibility of scoring results from non-pathologists are limited. Therefore, our main aim was to assess interobserver agreement between trained non-pathologists and an experienced histopathologist for three IHC markers with different subcellular localization (nucleus/membrane/cytoplasm). METHODS Three non-pathologists were trained in recognizing adenocarcinoma and IHC scoring by a senior histopathologist. Kappa statistics were used to analyze interobserver and intraobserver agreement for 6,249 TMA cores from a colorectal cancer series. RESULTS Interobserver agreement between non-pathologists (independently scored) and the histopathologist was "substantial" for nuclear and membranous IHC markers (κrange = 0.67-0.75 and κrange = 0.61-0.69, respectively), and "moderate" for the cytoplasmic IHC marker (κrange = 0.43-0.57). Scores of the three non-pathologists were also combined into a "combination score" (if at least two non-pathologists independently assigned the same score to a core, this was the combination score). This increased agreement with the pathologist (κnuclear = 0.74; κmembranous = 0.73; κcytopasmic = 0.57). Interobserver agreement between non-pathologists was "substantial" (κnuclear = 0.78; κmembranous = 0.72; κcytopasmic = 0.61). Intraobserver agreement of non-pathologists was "substantial" to "almost perfect" (κnuclear,range = 0.83-0.87; κmembranous,range = 0.75-0.82; κcytopasmic = 0.69). Overall, agreement was lowest for the cytoplasmic IHC marker. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that adequately trained non-pathologists are able to generate reproducible IHC scoring results, that are similar to those of an experienced histopathologist. A combination score of at least two non-pathologists yielded optimal results. IMPACT Non-pathologists can generate reproducible IHC results after appropriate training, making analyses of large-scale molecular pathological epidemiology studies feasible within an acceptable time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien C A Jenniskens
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly Offermans
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Iryna Samarska
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gregorio E Fazzi
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Colinda C J M Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim M Smits
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leo J Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Heike I Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands. .,Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Sajjanar M, Sajjan P, Puranik RS, Vanaki S, Jayanth V, Naik P. "Analysis of immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma using tissue microarray technology and whole sections:" A comparative study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:499-504. [PMID: 33967487 PMCID: PMC8083405 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_154_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dysregulation is associated with essentially all of the key features of cancer. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) allow the simultaneous analysis of many tumours using small-diameter cores sampled from larger blocks of tissue. Hence present study was taken up to validate TMA technology. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To analyse and compare the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of EGFR in OSCC using TMA technology and in whole tissue sections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study included 34 cases of OSCC.Three tissue cores, each 1 mm in diameter were placed into a recipient paraffin block using a precision microarray instrument finally containing 102 spots. EGFR expression was analysed. Agreement between whole sections and TMA scores was analysed using Cohen's weighted Kappa. RESULTS EGFR expression was seen in 61.8% of whole section cases. In TMA out of 102 cores 75.50 % of the disks were confirmed to represent an adequate amount of tumor tissue. In TMA 48.5% cases showed EGFR expression.The EGFR expression of whole. CONCLUSION Some OSCC express high EGFR and this expression may be an independent Wfactor of certain clinico-pathological variables. TMA may be used as an adjunct with conventional method of evaluation of OSCC especially in larger sample sized studies keeping in mind its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Sajjanar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Mallareddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Parappa Sajjan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mallareddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rudrayya S Puranik
- Department of Oral Pathology, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Shreenivas Vanaki
- Department of Oral Pathology, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - V Jayanth
- Department of Oral Pathology SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pooja Naik
- Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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He S, Peng J, Li L, Xu Y, Wu X, Yu J, Liu J, Zhang J, Zhang R, Wang W. High expression of cytokeratin CAM5.2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17104. [PMID: 31517842 PMCID: PMC6750307 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a common human malignant tumor with high mortality. Glandular epithelial markers, such as CAM5.2, can be expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the clinical significance of these cells in ESCC remains elusive.Immunohistochemical analysis of CAM5.2 was performed on 604 ESCC specimens using tissue microarray. Our study design and study population used retrospective cohorts based on the hospital information system and pathological information management system which included medical information, date of admission, procedures undergone, registration, examinations, and medication.In total, positive staining of CAM5.2 was 145 of 604 (24%). Statistical analysis showed that the expression of CAM5.2 had no relationship with sex, age, tumor differentiation, tumor size, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification, and lymph node metastasis, but it was significantly associated with poor prognosis of overall survival (P = .0041) and disease-free survival (P = .0048) in ESCC patients.Herein, we report for the first time that the high expression of the CAM 5.2 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovasology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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4
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Yao S, Huang HY, Han X, Ye Y, Qin Z, Zhao G, Li F, Hu G, Hu L, Ji H. Keratin 14-high subpopulation mediates lung cancer metastasis potentially through Gkn1 upregulation. Oncogene 2019; 38:6354-6369. [PMID: 31320708 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of lung cancer-related death. Elucidating the metastasis process can provide new avenues to inhibit this malignant behavior of cancer cells. Here we found that human lung cancers with high Keratin 14 (K14) expression were associated with nodal metastasis and poor survival. Using the KrasG12D/Trp53L/L lung cancer mouse model, we confirmed that K14-high cancer cells harbored increased metastatic potential. Mechanistic investigation revealed that Gastrokine 1 (Gkn1) expression positively correlated with K14 level, cancer metastasis, and poor patient survival. Importantly, ectopic expression of Gkn1 enhanced the metastatic capability of K14-low cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas knockdown of Gkn1 did the opposite, indicating the importance of Gkn1 in mediating the metastasis of K14-high cells. Further study demonstrated that Gkn1 expression conferred K14-high cells resistance to anoikis, which is critical for cancer metastasis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that K14-high cells contribute to lung cancer metastasis potentially through inhibition of anoikis via upregulation of Gkn1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangkun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 200120, Shanghai, China.
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Aljabery F, Shabo I, Gimm O, Jahnson S, Olsson H. The expression profile of p14, p53 and p21 in tumour cells is associated with disease-specific survival and the outcome of postoperative chemotherapy treatment in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:530.e7-530.e18. [PMID: 30539751 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effects of alterations in the biological markers p14, p53, p21, and p16 in relation to tumour cell proliferation, T-category, N- category, lymphovascular invasion, and the ability to predict prognosis in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated with cystectomy and, if applicable, chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively studied patients with urinary bladder cancer pathological stage pT1 to pT4 treated with cystectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection and postoperative chemotherapy. Tissue microarrays from paraffin-embedded cystectomy tumour samples were examined for expression of immunostaining of p14, p53, p21, p16 and Ki-67 in relation to other clinical and pathological factors as well as cancer-specific survival. RESULTS The median age of the 110 patients was 70 years (range 51-87 years), and 85 (77%) were male. Pathological staging was pT1 to pT2 (organ-confined) in 28 (25%) patients and pT3 to pT4 (non-organ-confined) in 82 (75%) patients. Lymph node metastases were found in 47 patients (43%). P14 expression was more common in tumours with higher T-stages (P = 0.05). The expression of p14 in p53 negative tumours was associated with a significantly shorter survival time (P=0.003). Independently of p53 expression, p14 expression was associated with an impaired response to chemotherapy (P=0.001). The expression of p21 in p53 negative tumours was associated with significantly decrease levels of tumour cell proliferation detected as Ki-67 expression (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous expression of the senescence markers involved in the p53-pathway shows a more relevant correlation to the pathological outcome of MIBC than each protein separately. P14 expression in tumours with non-altered (p53-) tumours is associated with poor prognosis. P14 expression is associated with impaired response to chemotherapy. P21 expression is related to decreased tumour cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Aljabery
- Department of Urology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, SE 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Ivan Shabo
- Endocrine and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Breast, Endocrine and Sarcoma Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, SE 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Gimm
- Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, SE 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Staffan Jahnson
- Department of Urology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, SE 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hans Olsson
- Department of Pathology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, SE 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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6
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Visser NCM, van der Wurff AAM, Pijnenborg JMA, Massuger LFAG, Bulten J, Nagtegaal ID. Tissue microarray is suitable for scientific biomarkers studies in endometrial cancer. Virchows Arch 2018; 472:407-413. [PMID: 29426961 PMCID: PMC5887002 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to define the concordance between tissue microarrays (TMAs) of different sizes and whole slide for 15 different antibodies in endometrial cancer and study the use of TMAs in preoperative endometrial samples. Cores of preoperative and hysterectomy specimens of 14 endometrial cancer and three atypical hyperplasia cases were collected in TMA blocks. Two 0.6-mm and two 2.0-mm cores were used from each sample. Different antibodies were tested in TMAs and compared with results of whole slides of hysterectomy. Tested antibodies were as follows: ER, PR, p53, Ki-67, MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6, ARID1A, stathmin, IMP3, L1CAM, PTEN, β-catenin, and p16. Seventeen cases with four cores per paraffin block (both 0.6 and 2.0 mm in duplicate) and 15 different antibodies resulted in a total of 1020 cores for both preoperative and hysterectomy specimen. Overall, 2.0-mm cores were more assessable for evaluation than 0.6-mm cores (96.0 versus 79.5%, p < 0.01). For most antibodies, a substantial to good agreement between hysterectomy TMA and whole slide was present, with lowest agreement for p16 and stathmin and perfect agreement for mismatch repair proteins. Preoperative TMAs showed for most antibodies moderate to perfect agreement with hysterectomy TMAs. In conclusion, 2.0-mm cores are the preferred size for immunohistochemical studies in endometrial cancer. For all tested antibodies, TMAs are a good alternative for whole slide analysis in scientific studies with large patient cohorts, even in preoperative endometrial samples. However, caution is required for interpretation of TMA results of p16 and stathmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C M Visser
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Johanna M A Pijnenborg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Bulten
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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7
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Rossi G, Cerquetella M, Scarpona S, Pengo G, Fettucciari K, Bassotti G, Jergens AE, Suchodolski JS. Effects of probiotic bacteria on mucosal polyamines levels in dogs with IBD and colonic polyps: a preliminary study. Benef Microbes 2017; 9:247-255. [PMID: 29022381 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Spermine (SPM) and its precursor putrescine (PUT), regulated by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and diamino-oxidase (DAO), are polyamines required for cell growth and proliferation. Only a few studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory and tumour inhibitory properties of probiotics on mucosal polyamine levels. We investigated the effects of a high concentration multistrain probiotic for human use on colonic polyamine biosynthesis in dogs. Histological sections (inflammatory bowel disease, n=10; polyposis, n=5) were assessed after receiving 112 to 225×109 lyophilised bacteria daily for 60 days at baseline (T0) and 30 days after treatment end (T90). Histology scores, expression of PUT, SPM, ODC and DAO, and a clinical activity index (CIBDAI) were compared at T0 and T90. In polyps, cellular proliferation (Ki-67 expression), and apoptosis (caspase-3 protein expression) were also evaluated. After treatment, in inflammatory bowel disease significant decreases were observed for CIBDAI (P=0.006) and histology scores (P<0.001); PUT, SPM and ODC expression increased (P<0.01). In polyps, a significant decrease in polyamine levels, ODC activity, and Ki-67, and a significant increase in caspase-3 positivity and DAO expression (P=0.005) was noted. Our results suggest potential anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of the probiotic mixture in polyps and inflammation, associated with reduced mucosal infiltration and up-regulation of PUT, SPM, and ODC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rossi
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Macerata (MC), Italy
| | - M Cerquetella
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Macerata (MC), Italy
| | - S Scarpona
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Macerata (MC), Italy
| | - G Pengo
- 2 Clinic 'St. Antonio', Strada Statale 415, km 38,50, 26020 Madignano (CR), Italy
| | - K Fettucciari
- 3 Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1-8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Bassotti
- 4 Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06156 San Sisto, Italy
| | - A E Jergens
- 5 College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr., Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - J S Suchodolski
- 6 Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Yang Q, Bavi P, Wang JY, Roehrl MH. Immuno-proteomic discovery of tumor tissue autoantigens identifies olfactomedin 4, CD11b, and integrin alpha-2 as markers of colorectal cancer with liver metastases. J Proteomics 2017; 168:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Validation of a low-cost modified technique for constructing tissue microarrays for canine mammary tumor analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:783-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Limberger KA, Bogatyreva L, Todorova R, Herde B, Hauschke D, Pahl HL, Werner M, Aumann K. Tissue microarray technique is applicable to bone marrow biopsies of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:75-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Quality Management of the Immunohistochemistry Laboratory: A Practical Guide. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 23:471-80. [PMID: 25203427 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Governmental regulations and most published guidelines do not provide specific guidance on implementation of quality management (QM) programs for immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays in Anatomic Pathology. QM of IHC consists of 3 main components: quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvement initiatives, each entailing distinctive but interrelated objectives. Discussion of the principles and some specific practices involved in these phases of QM of the IHC laboratory are therefore offered in this review, with an admitted emphasis on pragmatism.
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12
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Neves-Silva R, Fonseca FP, de Jesus AS, Pontes HAR, Rocha AC, Brandão TB, Vargas PA, Lopes MA, de Almeida OP, Santos-Silva AR. Tissue microarray use for immunohistochemical study of ameloblastoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 45:704-711. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Neves-Silva
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza de Jesus
- Service of Oral Pathology; João de Barros Barreto University Hospital; Federal University of Pará; Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Hélder Antônio Rebelo Pontes
- Service of Oral Pathology; João de Barros Barreto University Hospital; Federal University of Pará; Belém Pará Brazil
| | - André Caroli Rocha
- Medical School; Clinics Hospital; University of São Paulo; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Thais Bianca Brandão
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
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Gillio-Meina C, Zielke HR, Fraser DD. Translational Research in Pediatrics IV: Solid Tissue Collection and Processing. Pediatrics 2016; 137:peds.2015-0490. [PMID: 26659457 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tissues are critical for child-health research. Specimens are commonly obtained at the time of biopsy/surgery or postmortem. Research tissues can also be obtained at the time of organ retrieval for donation or from tissue that would otherwise have been discarded. Navigating the ethics of solid tissue collection from children is challenging, and optimal handling practices are imperative to maximize tissue quality. Fresh biopsy/surgical specimens can be affected by a variety of factors, including age, gender, BMI, relative humidity, freeze/thaw steps, and tissue fixation solutions. Postmortem tissues are also vulnerable to agonal factors, body storage temperature, and postmortem intervals. Nonoptimal tissue handling practices result in nucleotide degradation, decreased protein stability, artificial posttranslational protein modifications, and altered lipid concentrations. Tissue pH and tryptophan levels are 2 methods to judge the quality of solid tissue collected for research purposes; however, the RNA integrity number, together with analyses of housekeeping genes, is the new standard. A comprehensive clinical data set accompanying all tissue samples is imperative. In this review, we examined: the ethical standards relating to solid tissue procurement from children; potential sources of solid tissues; optimal practices for solid tissue processing, handling, and storage; and reliable markers of solid tissue quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gillio-Meina
- Translational Research Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Douglas D Fraser
- Translational Research Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Critical Illness Research, Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Clinical Neurologic Sciences, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Wald N, Goormaghtigh E. Infrared imaging of primary melanomas reveals hints of regional and distant metastases. Analyst 2015; 140:2144-55. [PMID: 25574519 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Metastatic melanomas are resistant to almost all existing adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, so detection of metastases remains a challenge, and no biomarkers are currently available to detect primary tumors with the highest risk of metastasis. Results presented in this paper show that Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) imaging of histological sections followed by supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) can accurately (>90%) identify the main cell types commonly found in melanoma tumors. Here we define six cell types: melanoma cells, erythrocytes, connective tissue (includes blood vessel walls, dermis and collagen regions), keratinocytes, lymphocytes and necrotic cells. Interestingly, more than 98% of the melanoma cells are correctly identified. The spectra of the cells identified as melanomas were then further analyzed. First, we compared melanoma cells in primary tumors (from 26 patients) with melanoma cells from metastases (from 25 patients). Neither supervised nor unsupervised analyses revealed any significant difference. Similarly, we found no significant correlation between the infrared spectra of melanoma cells and the number of proliferative cells assessed by Ki67 immunostaining. Finally, we compared the infrared spectra of primary tumors from patients diagnosed at different stages of the disease. Infrared spectroscopy was capable of pointing out differences between primary tumors of patients at stage I or II and patients at stage III or IV, even by unsupervised analysis. We then developed a supervised PLS-DA model capable of predicting whether tumor cells belonged to one of the two aggregated disease stage groups. The model predicted a high rate of true positives (sensitivity of 88.9%) and a good rate of true negatives (specificity of 70.6%) in external validation. These results demonstrate that infrared spectroscopy can be used to help identify melanoma characteristics related to the cells' invasive capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wald
- Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, Bld du Triomphe 2, CP206/2, B1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Tissue microarray is a reliable method for immunohistochemical analysis of pleomorphic adenoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 117:81-8. [PMID: 24332331 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the most adequate number and size of tissue microarray (TMA) cores for pleomorphic adenoma immunohistochemical studies. STUDY DESIGN Eighty-two pleomorphic adenoma cases were distributed in 3 TMA blocks assembled in triplicate containing 1.0-, 2.0-, and 3.0-mm cores. Immunohistochemical analysis against cytokeratin 7, Ki67, p63, and CD34 were performed and subsequently evaluated with PixelCount, nuclear, and microvessel software applications. RESULTS The 1.0-mm TMA presented lower results than 2.0- and 3.0-mm TMAs versus conventional whole section slides. Possibly because of an increased amount of stromal tissue, 3.0-mm cores presented a higher microvessel density. Comparing the results obtained with one, two, and three 2.0-mm cores, there was no difference between triplicate or duplicate TMAs and a single-core TMA. CONCLUSIONS Considering the possible loss of cylinders during immunohistochemical reactions, 2.0-mm TMAs in duplicate are a more reliable approach for pleomorphic adenoma immunohistochemical study.
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Buishand FO, Visser J, Kik M, Gröne A, Keesler RI, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Kirpensteijn J. Evaluation of prognostic indicators using validated canine insulinoma tissue microarrays. Vet J 2014; 201:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Hou YC, Chao YJ, Tung HL, Wang HC, Shan YS. Coexpression of CD44-positive/CD133-positive cancer stem cells and CD204-positive tumor-associated macrophages is a predictor of survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2014; 120:2766-77. [PMID: 24839953 PMCID: PMC4232049 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interactions between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can promote tumor progression, maintain the CSCs population, and reduce therapeutic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the coexpression of CSCs and TAMs and its clinical significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS Ninety-six patients with PDAC were included in this study. Tissue microarrays were constructed for immunostaining of the CSCs markers CD44 and CD133 and the TAMs marker CD204. Correlations between the expression of CSCs and TAMs markers and clinicopathologic characteristics or disease progression were analyzed. RESULTS Expression levels of CD44/CD133 and CD204 were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues (P < .0001). The variables associated with survival were high coexpression of CD44/CD133 (P = .000), high expression of CD204 (P = .011), and tumor grade (P = .014). There was a positive correlation between CD44/CD133 and CD204 expression (r = 0.294; P = .004). Survival analysis indicated that high coexpression of CD44/CD133 and CD204 was associated significantly with shorter overall survival (P = .000) and disease-free survival (P = .003). Multivariate analysis revealed that high CD44/CD133 expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival, whereas high CD204 expression was an independent predictor for both overall and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Coexpression of CD44/CD133 and CD204 is a useful survival prediction marker for patients with PDAC. Cancer 2014;120:2766–2777. © The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. The clinical significance of pancreatic cancer stem cells and tumor-associated macrophages is explored in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The results clearly demonstrate that coexpression of 2 cancer stem cell markers (CD44 and CD133) and a tumor-associated macrophage marker (CD204) is a useful prognostic factor for predicting the survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chin Hou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Pøhl M, Olsen KE, Holst R, Ditzel HJ, Hansen O. Tissue Microarrays in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Reliability of Immunohistochemically-Determined Biomarkers. Clin Lung Cancer 2014; 15:222-230.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang LH, Huang Q, Fan XS, Wu HY, Yang J, Feng AN. Clinicopathological significance of SIRT1 and p300/CBP expression in gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer and the correlation with E-cadherin and MLH1. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209:611-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Prins M, Ruurda J, van Diest P, van Hillegersberg R, ten Kate F. The significance of the HER-2 status in esophageal adenocarcinoma for survival: an immunohistochemical and an in situ hybridization study. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1290-7. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Determination of Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ Lymphocytes in Human Ovarian Cancer. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2013; 32:269-76. [DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e31826a63f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Rakha EA, Teoh TK, Lee AHS, Nolan CC, Ellis IO, Green AR. Further evidence that E-cadherin is not a tumour suppressor gene in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study. Histopathology 2013; 62:695-701. [PMID: 23347178 DOI: 10.1111/his.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS E-cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule expressed in normal breast tissue; it is used generally as a phenotypical marker in breast cancer, with the absence of its expression observed frequently in lobular tumours. We have reported E-cadherin expression previously in 1516 ductal breast carcinoma using tissue microarray (TMA), where 7% of cases showed a complete absence of membrane staining. In this study, we investigated further the existence of E-cadherin-negative ductal carcinoma and evaluated the status of the E-cadherin-catenin complex in this subgroup. MATERIAL AND METHODS Full-face sections from excision specimens of 72 ductal breast carcinomas reported previously as E-cadherin-negative were assessed morphologically using haematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemically using two E-cadherin antibodies (HECD-1 and CDH1/4A2C7) and antibodies recognizing β-catenin and p120 proteins. Only membrane expression was considered. RESULTS Forty-seven ductal carcinomas were assessed after the exclusion of inappropriate cases; 34 of these showed positive E-cadherin (HECD-1) membrane expression which was focal and weak and seen mainly in invasion fronts. Ten cases showed E-cadherin (4A2C7) staining. Staining for p120 and β-catenin showed membrane staining in all cases for both antibodies, which was variable in both intensity and the proportion of positive cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that E-cadherin-negative ductal carcinoma is rare, and in these cases p120 and β-catenin maintained their membranous localization, suggesting a functional E-cadherin-membrane complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Kim HS, Kim MA, Hodgson D, Harbron C, Wellings R, O'Connor MJ, Womack C, Yin X, Bang YJ, Im SA, Lee BL, Kim WH. Concordance of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) immunohistochemistry between biopsy or metastatic tumor samples and primary tumors in gastric cancer patients. Pathobiology 2013; 80:127-37. [PMID: 23328638 DOI: 10.1159/000346034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) is one of several DNA repair proteins that are suggested to sensitize tumor cells to the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib when deficient. The aim of this study was to assess the spatiotemporal concordance of ATM immunohistochemistry (IHC) in gastric cancer in order to determine if measurements made at the level of various sample types and times could be inferred as having the potential to be relevant to treatment decisions made at the patient level. Two independent cohorts composed of 591 gastric cancer patients divided into a gastrectomy cohort (n = 450) and a metastasis cohort (n = 141) were used in this study. A total of 2,705 ATM IHC samples were examined, including 450 whole tissue, 3 sets of 450 tissue microarray (TMA), 301 biopsy, 222 metastatic tumor and 2 additional whole tissue samples of 50 cases from the gastrectomy cohort, and 141 pairs of primary and metastatic tumors from the metastasis cohort. The prevalence of ATM negativity was 13.1% in biopsies, 13.9, 15.1, and 16.0% in TMAs and 15.9% in whole tissue samples of the gastrectomy cohort, and 21.4% in primary tumor and 21.5% in metastatic tumor samples of the metastasis cohort. coefficients were 0.341 for biopsy, 0.572 as the average of 3 TMAs and 0.415 for the largely synchronous metastatic tumors of the gastrectomy cohort, and 0.153 for the largely asynchronous metastatic tumors of the metastasis cohort. Using whole tissue sections from tumor resections or primary tumor, respectively, as the reference standards, specificity and sensitivity were 91.6 and 41.0% for biopsy, 93.9 and 61.9% as the average of 3 TMAs, and 86.6 and 58.8% for metastatic tumors of the gastrectomy cohort and 81.7 and 33.3% for metastatic tumors of the metastasis cohort, respectively. Although we have demonstrated that the IHC assay for ATM was robust and reproducible in gastric tumor samples, we have also found that measurements were subject to significant discordance across multiple sample types from the same patient. Further work will be necessary to determine if classification may be made more consistent by multiple sampling. However, the lack of agreement between primary and asynchronous metastatic samples suggests that such sampling would need to be performed at the time of any treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Jung JH, Im S, Jung ES, Kang CS. Clinicopathological implications of the expression of hypoxia-related proteins in gastric cancer. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1217-23. [PMID: 23935399 PMCID: PMC3739021 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor hypoxia confers poor prognosis of a wide range of solid tumors due to increased malignancy, increased likelihood of metastasis and treatment resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-1α-inducible proteins in gastric cancer and their impact on prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, CA-9, and iNOS proteins was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 193 gastric adenocarcinomas (GAs) and 20 normal gastric mucosa. RESULTS HIF-1α, GLUT-1, CA-9 and iNOS were expressed in 52.3%, 43.0%, 57.0%, and 43.0% of GAs, respectively, which are higher than the normal counterparts except for CA-9. HIF-1α expression was positively correlated with the expression of GLUT-1, CA-9 and iNOS. GLUT-1 expression was higher in the intestinal type (p = 0.012); however, iNOS expression was higher in the less-differentiated type and the diffuse type (p = 0.006, p = 0.032, respectively). The expression of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.009, p = 0.008, respectively), while the expression of GLUT-1 and iNOS was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion and advanced stage (p = 0.044, p = 0.004; p = 0.009, p = 0.008, respectively). Overall survival was shorter in patients with GLUT-1 expression than in those without GLUT-1 expression, which was statistically significant by univariate analysis (p = 0.042). On multivariate analysis, however, stage was determined as the only independent prognostic marker (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that overexpression of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, and iNOS may play an important role in gastric cancer progression. GLUT-1 is a potential candidate for predicting patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Han Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
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Paiva-Fonseca F, de Almeida OP, Ayroza-Rangel ALC, Agustin-Vargas P. Tissue microarray construction for salivary gland tumors study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18:e1-6. [PMID: 22926480 PMCID: PMC3548626 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and discuss the design, building and usefulness of tissue microarray (TMA) blocks for the study of salivary gland tumors (SGTs). STUDY DESIGN Two hundred thirty-eight formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded SGTs were arranged in blocks of TMA using a manual tissue arrayer. Three representative cores of 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0mm were taken from each original block and their characteristics were analyzed and described. RESULTS It was created 12 TMA blocks that presented highly representative neoplastic cylinders. However, those neoplasias rich in cystic spaces such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma and Warthin tumor presented more difficulties to be sampled, as the neoplastic tissue available was scarce. Tissue damage and loss during TMA construction was estimated as 3.7%. CONCLUSION Representative areas of SGTs, with relatively small loss of tissue, can be obtained with the construction of TMA blocks for molecular studies. However, tumors rich in cystic spaces present more difficulties to be adequately sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Paiva-Fonseca
- Department of Oral Diagnosis Oral Pathology Section, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - São Paulo - Brazil
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Mascolo M, Ilardi G, Merolla F, Russo D, Vecchione ML, de Rosa G, Staibano S. Tissue microarray-based evaluation of Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 (CAF-1)/p60 as tumour prognostic marker. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11044-11062. [PMID: 23109837 PMCID: PMC3472729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we aimed to confirm the emerging role of Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF-1 p60) as a new proliferation and prognostic marker for cancer and to test the usefulness of the tissue microarray technique (TMA) for CAF-1 p60 rapid screening in several human malignancies. CAF-1 is a histone chaperone, regulating chromatin dynamics during DNA replication and repair in eukaryotics. TMA is a powerful high-throughput methodology in the study of cancer, allowing simultaneous assessment of different biomarkers within large numbers of tissue specimens. We generated TMA taking 3 mm diameter-core biopsies from oral squamous cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, salivary gland tumours and skin melanoma specimens, which had been previously tested for CAF-1 p60 on routine tissue sections. We also analysed, for the first time, 30 larynx and 30 skin squamous cell carcinomas. CAF-1 p60 resulted over-expressed in both the tissue sections and the TMA specimens, with the highest levels of expression in tumours which were more aggressive and metastasizing. Notably, a high degree of agreement was found between the CAF-1 p60 assessment on TMAs and on routine tissue sections. Our findings confirm the prognostic role of CAF-1 p60 and indicate TMA as a really advantageous method for CAF-1 p60 immunohistochemical screening, allowing savings on both tissue quantity and operator-time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefania Staibano
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:; Tel.: +39-81-7462368; Fax: +39-81-7463414
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Idikio HA. Quantitative analysis of p53 expression in human normal and cancer tissue microarray with global normalization method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2011; 4:505-512. [PMID: 21738821 PMCID: PMC3127071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tissue microarray based immunohistochemical staining and proteomics are important tools to create and validate clinically relevant cancer biomarkers. Immunohistochemical stains using formalin-fixed tissue microarray sections for protein expression are scored manually and semi-quantitatively. Digital image analysis methods remove some of the drawbacks of manual scoring but may need other methods such as normalization to provide across the board utility. In the present study, quantitative proteomics-based global normalization method was used to evaluate its utility in the analysis of p53 protein expression in mixed human normal and cancer tissue microarray. Global normalization used the mean or median of β-actin to calculate ratios of individual core stain intensities, then log transformed the ratios, calculate a mean or median and subtracted the value from the log of ratios. In the absence of global normalization of p53 protein expression, 44% (42 of 95) of tissue cores were positive using the median of intensity values and 40% (38 of 95) using the mean of intensities as cut-off points. With global normalization, p53 positive cores changed to 20% (19 of 95) when using median of intensities and 15.8%(15 of 95) when the mean of intensities were used. In conclusion, the global normalization method helped to define positive p53 staining in the tissue microarray set used. The method used helped to define clear cut-off points and confirmed all negatively stained tissue cores. Such normalization methods should help to better define clinically useful biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halliday A Idikio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta Edmonton, ALBERTA T6G 2B7, Canada.
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TSAO SHUCHUAN, WU CHUNCHIEH, WEN CHIENHUI, HUANG YACHUN, CHAI CHEEYIN. A simple and economical method for the manual construction of frozen tissue arrays. APMIS 2010; 118:739-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Monteiro LS, Diniz-Freitas M, Garcia-Caballero T, Forteza J, Fraga M. EGFR and Ki-67 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma using tissue microarray technology. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:571-8. [PMID: 20202087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to validate the use of tissue microarrays (TMA) in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) to analyse epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ki-67 expression. We also analysed the relationship that the expression of these markers may have with clinical, pathological and survival variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study sample comprised 39 unselected patients diagnosed and treated for OSCC. We analysed Ki-67 and EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical specimens. Whole sections (WS) were compared with double 1.5 mm core-tissue microarrays. RESULTS High EGFR expression was observed both on TMA (in 98% of the cases) and WS (in 100% of the cases) with substantial agreement kappa value (0.720). EGFR expression was not significantly associated with clinical, pathological and survival variables on TMA and WS. Ki-67 analysis showed a Spearman correlation of 0.741 with a Ki-67 mean labelling index of 45% in TMA and 56.8% in WS. We found a significant relationship between gender and Ki-67 labelling index on WS (P = 0.022) and TMA (P = 0.002). Clinical stage was the only parameter in multivariate analysis that had a significant predictive value. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that dual 1.5 mm core TMA is a valid, rapid, economical and tissue-saving way to study OSCC biopsies and that it presents strong correlation with the WS. EGFR overexpression in OSCC suggests that these tumours may be a candidate for therapy investigation directed to EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Silva Monteiro
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Paredes, Portugal.
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Boone J, van Hillegersberg R, Offerhaus GJA, van Diest PJ, Borel Rinkes IHM, Ten Kate FJW. Targets for molecular therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical analysis. Dis Esophagus 2009; 22:496-504. [PMID: 19302210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2009.00951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may improve the outcome of esophageal cancer after esophagectomy, but is accompanied by considerable toxicity by collateral destruction of normal cells. Such side effects may be avoided by developing therapies that specifically target molecular characteristics of tumors. The aim of the present study was to determine the proportion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients that could possibly benefit from (a combination of) currently available targeted therapies, by assessing the frequency of immunohistochemical expression of their target molecular markers in ESCC tissues. Sections from a validated tissue microarray comprising 108 ESCCs were immunohistochemically stained for Bcl-2, c-KIT, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), cyclin D1, estrogen receptor (ER), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Her-2/neu, progesterone receptor (PR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF, cyclin D1, EGFR, and COX-2 could be detected in 55, 42, 40, and 40%, respectively. Her-2/neu, Bcl-2, and c-KIT were detected in 12, 11, and 10% of the tumors, respectively. No nuclear expression of ER or PR was noticed. Concurrent expression of two markers was noticed in 28% of ESCCs, whereas 25% of ESCCs showed concurrent expression of three markers. The concurrent expression of two of the most frequently expressed markers (VEGF, cyclin D1, EGFR, and COX-2) ranged from 11 (COX-2 and EGFR) to 26% (cyclin D1 and VEGF). The expression of all of these four markers was seen in 5% of ESCCs. Promising targets for molecular therapy in ESCC appear to be COX-2, VEGF, EGFR, and cyclin D1, as they are frequently overexpressed. Phase II clinical studies on these molecular markers may therefore be warranted. The role for targeted therapy against ER, PR, Her-2/neu, c-KIT, or Bcl-2 in ESCC seems limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boone
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Liu X, Xu G, Wu W, Zhang R, Yin Q, Zhu W. Subtypes and One-Year Survival of First-Ever Stroke in Chinese Patients: The Nanjing Stroke Registry. Cerebrovasc Dis 2006; 22:130-6. [PMID: 16691021 DOI: 10.1159/000093241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality of stroke have been investigated extensively in Western populations, while data concerning case fatality and cause of death after stroke are very limited in mainland China. This study aimed to analyze the 1-year survival and predictors of case fatality in Chinese patients with first-ever stroke. METHODS Subjects are patients registered in the Nanjing Stroke Registry Program. Information concerning cardiovascular risk factors and stroke characteristics were collected, and patients were followed after registration. Ischemic strokes were classified according to TOAST criteria as large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardiac embolism stroke (CES), small-vessel stroke (SVS), or other determined and undetermined causes (UND). One-year case fatality was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and predictors of case fatality were evaluated by the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS A total of 752 patients with first-ever stroke were included, of which 142 (18.9%) were identified as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 120 (16.0%) as LAA, 123 (16.4%) as SVS, 160 (21.3%) as CES and 216 (28.7%) as UND. The overall survival rate was 86.4% at the end of the 1-year follow-up. Patients with SVS have the highest survival rate (92.7%), followed by UND (89.4%), CES (88.1%) and LAA (84.2%). Patients with ICH have the lowest survival rate (76.8%). Survival rates of patients with different subtypes of stroke presented a significant difference (chi2 = 19.3, p < 0.001). For patients deceased during the first year after the index stroke, 33.3% of deaths were caused by the first stroke, 18.6% by recurrent stroke, 16.7% by cardiovascular comorbidities, 14.7% by nonvascular conditions and 16.7% died of undetermined causes. Advanced age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), atrial fibrillation (AF), history of transient ischemic attack and cigarette smoking were associated with an increased risk of death 1 year after stroke. CONCLUSIONS The case fatality rate and predictors for mortality of Chinese patients with first-ever stroke are similar to those reported for other populations. The significant influence of cardiovascular disease on the first-year survival rate emphasizes the importance of acute stroke management and control of hypertension, DM, AF and other predictors for decreasing case fatality and improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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