1
|
Katase N, Nishimatsu SI, Yamauchi A, Okano S, Fujita S. DKK3 expression is correlated with poorer prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A bioinformatics study based on the TCGA database. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:334-346. [PMID: 37716425 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported that dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3 (DKK3) expression is correlated with poorer prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here we investigated DKK3 expression by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public database and bioinformatic analyses. METHODS We used the RNA sequence data and divided the tumor samples into "DKK3-high" and "DKK3-low" groups according to median DKK3 expression. The correlations between DKK3 expression and the clinical data were investigated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected using DESEq2 and analyzed by ShinyGO 0.77. A gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was also performed using GSEA software. The DEGs were also analyzed with TargetMine to establish the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. RESULTS DKK3 expression was significantly increased in cancer samples, and a high DKK3 expression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival. We identified 854 DEGs, including 284 up-regulated and 570 down-regulated. Functional enrichment analyses revealed several Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling. The PPI network identified COL8A1, AGTR1, FN1, P4HA3, PDGFRB, and CEP126 as the key genes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested the cancer-promoting ability of DKK3, the expression of which is a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Katase
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimatsu
- Department of Natural Sciences, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Shinji Okano
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan; Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Fujita
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kano J, Wang H, Zhang H, Noguchi M. Roles of DKK3 in cellular adhesion, motility, and invasion through extracellular interaction with TGFBI. FEBS J 2022; 289:6385-6399. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Japan
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan
| | - Han Zhang
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kafka A, Bukovac A, Brglez E, Jarmek AM, Poljak K, Brlek P, Žarković K, Njirić N, Pećina-Šlaus N. Methylation Patterns of DKK1, DKK3 and GSK3β Are Accompanied with Different Expression Levels in Human Astrocytoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112530. [PMID: 34064046 PMCID: PMC8196684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated genetic and epigenetic changes and protein expression levels of negative regulators of Wnt signaling, DKK1, DKK3, and APC as well as glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β) and β-catenin in 64 human astrocytomas of grades II-IV. Methylation-specific PCR revealed promoter methylation of DKK1, DKK3, and GSK3β in 38%, 43%, and 18% of samples, respectively. Grade IV comprised the lowest number of methylated GSK3β cases and highest of DKK3. Evaluation of the immunostaining using H-score was performed for β-catenin, both total and unphosphorylated (active) forms. Additionally, active (pY216) and inactive (pS9) forms of GSK3β protein were also analyzed. Spearman's correlation confirmed the prevalence of β-catenin's active form (rs = 0.634, p < 0.001) in astrocytoma tumor cells. The Wilcoxon test revealed that astrocytoma with higher levels of the active pGSK3β-Y216 form had lower expression levels of its inactive form (p < 0.0001, Z = -5.332). Changes in APC's exon 11 were observed in 44.44% of samples by PCR/RFLP. Astrocytomas with changes of APC had higher H-score values of total β-catenin compared to the group without genetic changes (t = -2.264, p = 0.038). Furthermore, a positive correlation between samples with methylated DKK3 promoter and the expression of active pGSK3β-Y216 (rs = 0.356, p = 0.011) was established. Our results emphasize the importance of methylation for the regulation of Wnt signaling. Large deletions of the APC gene associated with increased β-catenin levels, together with oncogenic effects of both β-catenin and GSK3β, are clearly involved in astrocytoma evolution. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of gliomas. Further studies should elucidate the clinical and therapeutic relevance of the observed molecular alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anja Bukovac
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emilija Brglez
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Ana-Marija Jarmek
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Karolina Poljak
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Petar Brlek
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
| | - Kamelija Žarković
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 10, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Division of Pathology, University Hospital Center “Zagreb”, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niko Njirić
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center “Zagreb”, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (E.B.); (A.-M.J.); (K.P.); (P.B.); (N.N.); (N.P.-Š.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Katase N, Nagano K, Fujita S. DKK3 expression and function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and other cancers. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:9-15. [PMID: 32032750 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer arises from cumulative genetic or epigenetic aberrations, or the destabilization of central signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle, gene transcription, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Investigating the cancer-specific genetic background is important to get deeper apprehension of cancer biology. In this review, we aimed to identify head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)-specific genes and identified DKK3 gene as a candidate. HIGHLIGHT DKK3 belongs to the DKK family (DKK1, DKK2, DKK3 and DKK4), which codes for an evolutionally conserved secreted glycoprotein that is characterized by two distinct cysteine rich domains and functions as an antagonist of the oncogenic Wnt signaling pathway. It has been reported that DKK3 expression is decreased in many kinds of cancers, and it is thus thought to be a tumor suppressor gene. However, our investigations have demonstrated unique expression and function of DKK3 in HNSCC. DKK3 protein expression is predominantly positive in HNSCC, and DKK3-positive patients show significantly shorter disease-free survival rates, whereas DKK3-negative cases do not show metastasis. Molecular biological analyses demonstrated that DKK3 over expression significantly increased HNSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via increased phosphorylation of AKT. Moreover, DKK3 knockdown in HNSCC cells significantly decreased these malignant potentials through decreased AKT phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Our previously published data, alongside those from other reports, indicate that DKK3 may have an additional oncogenic function other than tumor suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Katase
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fujita
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Komori Y, Kano J, Nakano N, Sakashita S, Sakamoto N, Noguchi M. Dickkopf‐related protein 3 promotes cell adhesion and invasion during progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Int 2019; 69:646-654. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Komori
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Junko Kano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Noriaki Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pang Q, Hu W, Zhang X, Pang M. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway-Related Proteins (DKK-3, β-Catenin, and c-MYC) Are Involved in Prognosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:436-443. [PMID: 31025872 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is one of the highly conserved signaling pathway widely reported to play essential roles in the development of various tumors and human cancers, thus serving as a potential target for anticancer therapy. However, the specific effects of the related proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) still remain elusive. Thus, this study was performed to uncover the correlation between the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of NPC. NPC tissues were revealed to present high expression of β-catenin and v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-MYC) but low expression of Dickkopf-3 (DKK-3). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that DKK-3 was positively linked to but β-catenin and c-MYC were negatively linked to differentiation, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis of patients with NPC. In addition, c-MYC was identified to be positively correlated to DKK-3 in NPC tissues. The positive expression of β-catenin and c-MYC had negative relations with and that of DKK-3 had positive relations with survival rate of patients with NPC, which was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Moreover, it was shown that later TNM stage and positive expression of β-catenin were risk factors for NPC-related death. These findings provide evidence that the proteins related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (DKK-3, β-catenin, and c-MYC) participate in the development of NPC and positive expression of DKK-3 and negative expression of β-catenin, and c-MYC can serve as essential prognostic biomarkers, shedding new light on the prognosis and treatment of NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Pang
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Hu
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Pang
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pei Y, Yao Q, Yuan S, Xie B, Liu Y, Ye C, Zhuo H. GATA4 promotes hepatoblastoma cell proliferation by altering expression of miR125b and DKK3. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77890-77901. [PMID: 27788486 PMCID: PMC5363629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA4 is a zinc finger DNA-binding protein that plays an important role in mammalian liver development. However, the effects of GATA4 in hepatoblastoma (HB), a common liver cancer in pediatric patients, remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that GATA4 promotes growth and survival in the Huh6 human hepatoblastoma cell line. GATA4 expression was high in Huh6 cells, and its knockdown decreased expression of Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3), a gene that may contribute to premature or undifferentiated phenotypes in HB. GATA4 also directly bound to the promoter regions of the miRNA miR125b and inhibited its expression in Huh6 cells. DKK3 was a direct target of miR125b in Huh6 cells. Inhibition of miR125b or overexpression of DKK3 promoted proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion in Huh6 cells. This is the first report to demonstrate that GATA4 promotes oncogenesis by inhibiting miR125b-dependent suppression of DKK3 expression. This GATA4/miR125b/DKK3 axis may be a major regulator of growth, migration, invasion, and survival in hepatoma cells, and is therefore a potential therapeutic target or biomarker for progression in HB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Pei
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Sibo Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Bozhen Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Chunsheng Ye
- Department Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Huiqin Zhuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chiyonobu N, Shimada S, Akiyama Y, Mogushi K, Itoh M, Akahoshi K, Matsumura S, Ogawa K, Ono H, Mitsunori Y, Ban D, Kudo A, Arii S, Suganami T, Yamaoka S, Ogawa Y, Tanabe M, Tanaka S. Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) Overexpression in Intratumoral Hepatic Stellate Cells within Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Metabolic Risk Factors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1213-1224. [PMID: 29454748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a newly identified risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, tumor-specific biomarkers still remain unclear. We performed cross-species analysis to compare gene signatures of HCC from human patients and melanocortin 4 receptor-knockout mice, which develop HCC with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and principle component analysis of 746 differentially expressed orthologous genes classified HCC of 152 human patients and melanocortin 4 receptor-knockout mice into two distinct subgroups, one of which included mouse HCC and was causatively associated with metabolic risk factors. Nine genes commonly overexpressed in human and mouse metabolic disease-associated HCC were identified; fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) was remarkably enriched in intratumoral activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Subclones constitutively expressing FABP4 were established from a human HSC cell line in which expression levels of inflammatory chemokines, including IL-1A and IL-6, were up-regulated through NF-κB nuclear translocation, resulting in recruitment of macrophages. An immunohistochemical validation study of 106 additional human HCC samples indicated that FABP4-positive HSCs were distributed in tumors of 38 cases, and the FABP4-high group consisted of patients with nonviral and nonalcoholic HCC (P = 0.027) and with multiple metabolic risk factors (P < 0.001) compared with the FABP4-low group. Thus, FABP4 overexpression in HSCs may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with metabolic risk factors by modulation of inflammatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norimichi Chiyonobu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Itoh
- Department of Organ Network and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsumura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ogawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ono
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mitsunori
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Arii
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medical and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qui S, Kano J, Noguchi M. Dickkopf 3 attenuates xanthine dehydrogenase expression to prevent oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Genes Cells 2017; 22:406-417. [PMID: 28299863 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dickkopf (DKK) 3 is a DKK glycoprotein family member that controls cell fate during embryogenesis and exerts opposing effects on survival in a cell type-dependent manner; however, the mechanisms governing its pro-apoptosis versus pro-survival functions remain unclear. Here, we investigated DKK3 function in Li21 hepatoma cells and tPH5CH immortalized hepatocytes. DKK3 knockdown by siRNA resulted in reactive oxygen species accumulation and subsequent apoptosis, which were abrogated by administration of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine. Moreover, forced DKK3 over-expression induced resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced apoptosis. Expression analysis by cDNA microarray showed that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) expression was significantly lower in Li21 and tPH5CHDKK3-over-expressing cells in response to H2 O2 treatment when compared to that in their respective mock-transfected controls, whereas a marked increase was observed in H2 O2 -treated DKK3 knockdown cells. Thus, these data suggest that DKK3 promotes cell survival during oxidative stress by suppressing the expression of the superoxide-producing enzyme XDH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qui
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Junko Kano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maschietto M, Rodrigues TC, Kashiwabara AY, de Araujo ÉSS, Marques Aguiar TF, da Costa CML, da Cunha IW, Dos Reis Vasques L, Cypriano M, Brentani H, de Toledo SRC, Pearson PL, Carraro DM, Rosenberg C, Krepischi ACV. DNA methylation landscape of hepatoblastomas reveals arrest at early stages of liver differentiation and cancer-related alterations. Oncotarget 2016; 8:97871-97889. [PMID: 29228658 PMCID: PMC5716698 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastomas are uncommon embryonal liver tumors accounting for approximately 80% of childhood hepatic cancer. We hypothesized that epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, could be relevant to hepatoblastoma onset. The methylomes of eight matched hepatoblastomas and non-tumoral liver tissues were characterized, and data were validated in an independent group (11 hepatoblastomas). In comparison to differentiated livers, hepatoblastomas exhibited a widespread and non-stochastic pattern of global low-level hypomethylation. The analysis revealed 1,359 differentially methylated CpG sites (DMSs) between hepatoblastomas and control livers, which are associated with 765 genes. Hypomethylation was detected in hepatoblastomas for ~58% of the DMSs with enrichment at intergenic sites, and most of the hypermethylated CpGs were located in CpG islands. Functional analyses revealed enrichment in signaling pathways involved in metabolism, negative regulation of cell differentiation, liver development, cancer, and Wnt signaling pathway. Strikingly, an important overlap was observed between the 1,359 DMSs and the CpG sites reported to exhibit methylation changes through liver development (p<0.0001), with similar patterns of methylation in both hepatoblastomas and fetal livers compared to adult livers. Overall, our results suggest an arrest at early stages of liver cell differentiation, in line with the hypothesis that hepatoblastoma ontogeny involves the disruption of liver development. This genome-wide methylation dysfunction, taken together with a relatively small number of driver genetic mutations reported for both adult and pediatric liver cancers, shed light on the relevance of epigenetic mechanisms for hepatic tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Maschietto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Cristina Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Dos Reis Vasques
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Cypriano
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology Institute (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Brentani
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Lees Pearson
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C V Krepischi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhuang LK, Yang YT, Ma X, Han B, Wang ZS, Zhao QY, Wu LQ, Qu ZQ. MicroRNA-92b promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting Smad7 and is mediated by long non-coding RNA XIST. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2203. [PMID: 27100897 PMCID: PMC4855645 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have been demonstrated to participate in the progression of many cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive malignant tumors worldwide, while the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC tumorigenesis are not completely clear. In this study, we showed that miR-92b was significantly upregulated in tumor tissue and plasma of HCC patients, and its expression level was highly correlated with gender and microvascular invasion. Functionally, miR-92b could promote cell proliferation and metastasis of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations suggested that Smad7, which exhibited an inverse relationship with miR-92b expression in HCC, was a direct target of miR-92b and could reverse its effects on HCC tumorigenesis. Furthermore, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) and miR-92b could directly interact with and repress each other, and XIST could inhibit HCC cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting miR-92b. Taken together, our study not only revealed for the first time the importance of XIST/miR-92b/Smad7 signaling axis in HCC progression but also suggested the potential value of miR-92b as a biomarker in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L K Zhuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.,Center for Medical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Y T Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - X Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - B Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Z S Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Q Y Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - L Q Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Z Q Qu
- Center for Medical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shiozawa T, Iyama S, Toshima S, Sakata A, Usui S, Minami Y, Sato Y, Hizawa N, Noguchi M. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 promotes tumor angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma. Virchows Arch 2015; 468:179-90. [PMID: 26515557 PMCID: PMC4778151 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although embryonal proteins have been used as tumor marker, most are not useful for detection of early malignancy. In the present study, we developed mouse monoclonal antibodies against fetal lung of miniature swine, and screened them to find an embryonal protein that is produced at the early stage of malignancy, focusing on lung adenocarcinoma. We found an antibody clone that specifically stained stroma of lung adenocarcinoma. LC-MS/MS identified the protein recognized by this clone as dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2), an enzyme known for antiatherosclerotic activity. DDAH2 was found to be expressed in fibroblasts of stroma of malignancies, with higher expression in minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma than in adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Moreover, tumors with high stromal expression of DDAH2 had a poorer prognosis than those without. In vitro analysis showed that DDAH2 increases expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducing proliferation and capillary-like tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. In resected human tissues, eNOS also showed higher expression in invasive adenocarcinoma than in AIS and normal lung, similarly to DDAH2. Our data indicate that expression of DDAH2 is associated with invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma via tumor angiogenesis. DDAH2 expression might be a prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Shiozawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Iyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shotaro Toshima
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakata
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shingo Usui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, NHO Ibarakihigashi National Hospital, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Minami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yukio Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The role of Dickkopf-3 overexpression in esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 150:377-385.e2. [PMID: 26093488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ninety percent of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma ultimately die of their disease, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic targets. The goal of this study was to define the functional significance of overexpression of Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) in esophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS DKK3 expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 95 chemonaive and 21 chemoresistant esophageal adenocarcinomas. The esophageal adenocarcinoma cell line OE33 was stably transfected with DKK3 (OE33/DKK3) and evaluated using WST-1 (Roche, Basel, Switzerland), Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, Calif), endothelial tube formation, and chemosensitivity assays. Tumorigenesis was evaluated by injecting 1 × 10(6) OE33/DKK3 and vector cells in NOD/SCIDγ mice. RESULTS DKK3 was overexpressed (>2-fold) in 75.8% (72/95) of esophageal adenocarcinomas. DKK3 protein was present at moderate to high levels in 46.8% (29/62) of esophageal adenocarcinomas on tissue microarray. Stable transfection of DKK3 significantly increased proliferation (P < .05) and Matrigel invasion (P < .001). Levels of SMAD4, a key mediator of the transforming growth factor-ß pathway, increased after activin treatment of OE33/DKK3, and siSMAD4 significantly decreased Matrigel invasion, suggesting that DKK3 acts through the transforming growth factor-β pathway. OE33/DKK3 cells increased endothelial tube formation and were significantly more resistant to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, and DKK3 expression was significantly higher in chemoresistant esophageal adenocarcinomas (P < .005). In NOD/SCIDγ mice, OE33/DKK3 cells resulted in tumors at all sites (8/8), whereas vector cells grew in only 1 of 8 sites. Nodal metastases were also significantly increased in patients with esophageal adenocarcinomas highly overexpressing DKK3, 28 of 32 (88%) versus 42 of 63 (68%) (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that DKK3 may be important in mediating invasion in esophageal adenocarcinoma and could be a novel target in the treatment and prevention of metastatic disease.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sequential transcriptome analysis of human liver cancer indicates late stage acquisition of malignant traits. J Hepatol 2014; 60:346-353. [PMID: 24512821 PMCID: PMC3943679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human hepatocarcinogenesis is as a multi-step process starting from dysplastic lesions to early carcinomas (eHCC) that ultimately progress to HCC (pHCC). However, the sequential molecular alterations driving malignant transformation of the pre-neoplastic lesions are not clearly defined. This lack of information represents a major challenge in the clinical management of patients at risk. METHODS We applied next-generation transcriptome sequencing to tumor-free surrounding liver (n = 7), low- (n = 4) and high-grade (n = 9) dysplastic lesions, eHCC (n = 5) and pHCC (n = 3) from 8 HCC patients with hepatitis B infection. Integrative analyses of genetic and transcriptomic changes were performed to characterize the genomic alterations during hepatocarcinogenesis. RESULTS We report that changes in transcriptomes of early lesions including eHCC were modest and surprisingly homogenous. Extensive genetic alterations and subsequent activation of prognostic adverse signaling pathways occurred only late during hepatocarcinogenesis and were centered on TGFβ, WNT, NOTCH, and EMT-related genes highlighting the molecular diversity of pHCC. We further identify IGFALS as a key genetic determinant preferentially down-regulated in pHCC. CONCLUSIONS Our results define new hallmarks in molecular stratification and therapy options for patients at risk for HCC, and merit larger prospective investigations to develop a modified clinical-decision making algorithm based on the individualized next-generation sequencing analyses.
Collapse
|
15
|
Aguilar-Melero P, Prieto-Álamo MJ, Jurado J, Holmgren A, Pueyo C. Proteomics in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells with stably silenced expression of PRDX1. J Proteomics 2012; 79:161-71. [PMID: 23277276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) is a member of the peroxiredoxin family. Aberrant expression of PRDX1 has been described in various cancers. We investigated the significance of this up-regulation in non-challenged hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) cells by establishing a HepG2 cell line stably expressing a Prdx1 shRNA. Prdx1 silencing reversed, at least partially, the tumoural phenotype of HepG2 cells, resulting in morphological changes, delayed cell growth, down-regulation of transcripts for AFP, osteopontin and β-catenin and decreased γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, and oppositely up-regulation of transcripts for E-cadherin and proapoptotic proteins (BAX, CASP3) and increased alkaline phosphatase and CASP3 activities. Proteomic profiling identified 16 spots differentially expressed in Prdx1-silenced cells. Most of the variations involved the down-regulation of proteins with pivotal roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, in agreement with the observed phenotypic changes. We also investigated the effect of Prdx1 silencing on thiol protein oxidation. Proteins prone to reversible cysteine oxidation play major physiological functions. Notably, the down-regulation and altered redox status of key enzymes of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism suggested a disturbance of the Warburg effect and glutamine utilization, two major pathways in the proliferation of tumour cells. Overall, these observations suggest that PRDX1 acts as a pro-cancer protein in HCC HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aguilar-Melero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, planta 2(a)ª, Carretera Madrid-Cádiz Km 396-a, 14071-Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Katase N, Lefeuvre M, Gunduz M, Gunduz E, Beder LB, Grenman R, Fujii M, Tamamura R, Tsujigiwa H, Nagatsuka H. Absence of Dickkopf (Dkk)-3 protein expression is correlated with longer disease-free survival and lower incidence of metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2011; 3:273-280. [PMID: 22740894 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most frequently occurring types of cancer worldwide. We focused on the fact that the aberrant function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a frequent event in malignancies. Dickkopf (Dkk)-3 is a major negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is a known tumor suppressor and is down-regulated in various types of cancer. However, the expression profile of the Dkk-3 protein in HNSCC has not yet been reported. The present study was conducted to investigate Dkk-3 protein expression in 90 cases of HNSCC tissue samples and HNSCC-derived cell lines. In contrast to findings available on other types of cancer, the Western blot analysis revealed that HNSCC cell lines expressed the Dkk-3 protein. In immunohistochemistry, 76 cases (84.4%) out of 90 tissue samples were Dkk-3-positive, whereas only 14 cases (15.6%) were negative. Notably, survival analysis showed that the Dkk-3 (-) group exhibited significantly longer disease-free survival (p=0.038), metastasis-free survival (p=0.013) and longer overall survival (p=0.155). The results showed that the Dkk-3 protein was dominantly expressed and may be involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis in HNSCC. Moreover, the findings suggest that the function of Dkk-3 differs depending on the tissue of origin, and that it may exert an oncogenic function in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Katase
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate school of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sugita S, Morishita Y, Kano J, Furuya S, Shiba-Ishii A, Noguchi M. IGFBP-1 is expressed specifically in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2011; 58:729-38. [PMID: 21457161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the specific expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA). METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for IGFBP-1 were performed in normal endometrium, placenta, and 100 surgically resected cases of ovarian cancer including 31 CCAs and 69 non-CCAs. Immunohistochemistry for hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 (HNF-1β) was also examined in all cases. Specific expression of IGFBP-1 was confirmed in secretory endometrium, decidua of placenta and Arias-Stella glands of miscarriage material. Among ovarian cancers, almost all cases of CCA showed expression of both IGFBP-1 protein and mRNA, but non-CCA hardly expressed IGFBP-1. There was a significant difference between CCA and non-CCA in the expression of IGFBP-1 protein and mRNA. No correlation was found between the rate of IGFBP-1 expression and pathological T and N factors of the tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) classification. All CCA cases except for one exhibited expression of HNF-1β protein, whereas only 15.9% of non-CCAs did so. CONCLUSION The expression of IGFBP-1 in CCA is more specific than that of HNF-1β. IGFBP-1 shows expression by decidual endometrium and Arias-Stella glands, and CCA also exhibits characteristic expression. These results indicate that IGFBP-1 is a immunohistochemical marker for CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Sugita
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|