Nuclear factor-κB activation in primary lymphoma of bone

Prognostic relevance of protein expression, clinical factors, and MYD88 mutation in primary bone lymphoma

Primary bone lymphomas (PBLs) are composed of malignant lymphoid cells presenting in osseous sites, without supra-regional lymph node or extranodal involvement. We systematically characterized the immunophenotype and the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88)-L265P gene mutation status in PBL. Clinical data from 19 patients with PBL treated at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between 2009 and 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Protein expression patterns were identified immunohistochemically, and MYD88 mutation was assessed using polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing. Fifteen patients presented with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clinical factors favoring a good prognosis were an age < 60 years and rituximab treatment. B-cell lymphoma 2 expression was detected in 5/15 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients, and was associated with a poor prognosis in a univariate model. Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling factors were upregulated in PBLs. All eighteen evaluable PBL samples harbored wild-type MYD88. These data thus suggest that age and rituximab treatment are independent prognostic factors determining overall survival, and that activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling may promote the pathogenesis of PBL. Moreover, the absence of MYD88-L265P mutation in PBL indicate there are distinct pathogenetic backgrounds among extranodal lymphomas.

Hematopoietic Tumors Primarily Presenting in Bone

Hematologic neoplasms that primarily present in bone are rare; this article describes the most common examples of hematologic tumors primarily presenting in bone, including plasma cell myeloma, solitary plasmacytoma of bone, primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of bone, acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The macroscopic and microscopic features, differential diagnosis, diagnostic workup, and prognosis of all these different entities are discussed, with special emphasis on common differential diagnosis.

Chemical composition of total flavonoids from Salvia chinensia Benth and their pro-apoptotic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells: potential roles of suppressing cellular NF-κB signaling

Salvia chinensia Benth (S. chinensia) is a medical plant that has been traditionally applied for centuries in the treatment of malignant diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the scientific basis underlying its anti-HCC activity has not been fully established. In this study, the chemical profiles of total flavonoids from S. chinensia (TFSC) were explored. Thirteen compounds which constituted the major components of TFSC were separated and identified. Flow cytometry analysis and caspase activity assays showed that TFSC dose-dependently induced HepG2 and Huh-7 HCC cell apoptosis. TFSC was also shown to substantially suppress NF-κB activity in HCC cells. Moreover, TFSC significantly repressed transplanted murine H22 ascitic hepatic cancer cell growth in vivo. Further studies revealed that TFSC induced HCC cell apoptosis and inhibited expressional levels of NF-κB responsive genes in transplanted tumor tissues. In addition, the toxic impact of TFSC on tumor-bearing mice was undetectable. These results indicate that TFSC induces HCC cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. The suppression of cellular NF-κB activity is implicated in the TFSC-mediated HCC cell apoptosis.