1
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Wang JZ, Nassiri F, Mawrin C, Zadeh G. Genomic Landscape of Meningiomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1416:137-158. [PMID: 37432625 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29750-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the most common primary brain tumor in adults, until recently, the genomics of meningiomas have remained quite understudied. In this chapter we will discuss the early cytogenetic and mutational changes uncovered in meningiomas, from the discovery of the loss of chromosome 22q and the neurofibromatosis-2 (NF2) gene to other non-NF2 driver mutations (KLF4, TRAF7, AKT1, SMO, etc.) discovered using next generation sequencing. We discuss each of these alterations in the context of their clinical significance and conclude the chapter by reviewing recent multiomic studies that have integrated our knowledge of these alterations together to develop novel molecular classifications for meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Z Wang
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farshad Nassiri
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Yang Q, Chen Y, Guo R, Dai Y, Tang L, Zhao Y, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Shen J, Yi T, Xiao Z, Wen Q. Interaction of ncRNA and Epigenetic Modifications in Gastric Cancer: Focus on Histone Modification. Front Oncol 2022; 11:822745. [PMID: 35155211 PMCID: PMC8826423 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.822745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has developed as a very common gastrointestinal tumors, with recent effective advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cancer. However, the prognosis for gastric cancer remains poor. As a result, there is in sore need of better understanding the mechanisms of gastric cancer development and progression to improve existing diagnostic and treatment options. In recent years, epigenetics has been recognized as an important contributor on tumor progression. Epigenetic changes in cancer include chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation and histone modifications. An increasing number of studies demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are associated with epigenetic changes in gastric cancer. Herein, we describe the molecular interactions of histone modifications and ncRNAs in epigenetics. We focus on ncRNA-mediated histone modifications of gene expression associated with tumorigenesis and progression in gastric cancer. This molecular mechanism will contribute to our deeper understanding of gastric carcinogenesis and progression, thus providing innovations in gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yalan Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Liyao Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Wu
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
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3
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Zhao Y, Feng M, Wang M, Zhang L, Li M, Huang C. CT Radiomics for the Preoperative Prediction of Ki67 Index in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Multi-Center Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689136. [PMID: 34595107 PMCID: PMC8476965 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study established and verified a radiomics model for the preoperative prediction of the Ki67 index of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Materials and Methods A total of 344 patients with GISTs from three hospitals were divided into a training set and an external validation set. The tumor region of interest was delineated based on enhanced computed-tomography (CT) images to extract radiomic features. The Boruta algorithm was used for dimensionality reduction of the features, and the random forest algorithm was used to construct the model for radiomics prediction of the Ki67 index. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the model’s performance and generalization ability. Results After dimensionality reduction, a feature subset having 21 radiomics features was generated. The generated radiomics model had an the area under curve (AUC) value of 0.835 (95% confidence interval(CI): 0.761–0.908) in the training set and 0.784 (95% CI: 0.691–0.874) in the external validation cohort. Conclusion The radiomics model of this study had the potential to predict the Ki67 index of GISTs preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meibao Feng
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minhong Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meirong Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chencui Huang
- Beijing Deepwise & League of PHD Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
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4
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Koshino A, Inoue S, Sugimura-Nagata A, Nishiyama T, Murakami H, Ito H, Riku M, Inoko A, Ebi M, Ogasawara N, Tsuzuki T, Kasugai K, Kasai K, Inaguma S. High phospho-histone H3 expression uniquely predicts favorable survival among four markers of cellular proliferation in colorectal cancer. Pathol Int 2021; 71:316-324. [PMID: 33631042 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite numerous attempts to identify prognostic markers for the CRC patients, the significance of the association of cellular proliferation markers with survival is controversial. Here we used immunohistochemistry to detect four markers of cellular proliferation expressed in primary CRC tissue specimens (n = 269) to assess their potential to serve as prognostic factors. CRC cells variably expressed phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) (range, 0-76 per high-powered field (HPF); median, 7 per HPF), cyclin A (CCNA) (range, 11.3-73.7%; median, 32%), geminin (GMNN) (range, 7.8-82.0%; median, 37.1%), and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67) (range, 4.9-96.6%; median, 49.6%). Among them, patients with PHH3-high (≥7 per HPF) tumors uniquely experienced significantly longer 5-year survival than those with PHH3-low (≤6 per HPF) (81.8% vs. 65.5%; P = 0.0047). Multivariable Cox hazards regression analysis identified PHH3-high (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.92; P = 0.025) as potential favorable factors. PHH3 levels inversely associated with pT stage (P < 0.0001) and were significantly and inversely associated with tumor diameter (ρ = -0.314, P < 0.0001). These findings support the use of PHH3 immunohistochemistry for predicting the prognoses of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Koshino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akane Sugimura-Nagata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyama
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideki Murakami
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miho Riku
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihito Inoko
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naotaka Ogasawara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toyonori Tsuzuki
- Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Nagoya City East Medical Center, Aichi, Japan.,Educational Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
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5
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Komar D, Juszczynski P. Rebelled epigenome: histone H3S10 phosphorylation and H3S10 kinases in cancer biology and therapy. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:147. [PMID: 33054831 PMCID: PMC7556946 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the discovery that more than half of human cancers harbor mutations in chromatin proteins, deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been recognized a hallmark of malignant transformation. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins, as main components of epigenetic regulatory machinery, are also broadly accepted as therapeutic target. Current “epigenetic” therapies target predominantly writers, erasers and readers of histone acetylation and (to a lesser extent) methylation, leaving other types of PTMs largely unexplored. One of them is the phosphorylation of serine 10 on histone H3 (H3S10ph). Main body H3S10ph is emerging as an important player in the initiation and propagation of cancer, as it facilitates cellular malignant transformation and participates in fundamental cellular functions. In normal cells this histone mark dictates the hierarchy of additional histone modifications involved in the formation of protein binding scaffolds, transcriptional regulation, blocking repressive epigenetic information and shielding gene regions from heterochromatin spreading. During cell division, this mark is essential for chromosome condensation and segregation. It is also involved in the function of specific DNA–RNA hybrids, called R-loops, which modulate transcription and facilitate chromosomal instability. Increase in H3S10ph is observed in numerous cancer types and its abundance has been associated with inferior prognosis. Many H3S10-kinases, including MSK1/2, PIM1, CDK8 and AURORA kinases, have been long considered targets in cancer therapy. However, since these proteins also participate in other critical processes, including signal transduction, apoptotic signaling, metabolic fitness and transcription, their chromatin functions are often neglected. Conclusions H3S10ph and enzymes responsible for deposition of this histone modification are important for chromatin activity and oncogenesis. Epigenetic-drugs targeting this axis of modifications, potentially in combination with conventional or targeted therapy, provide a promising angle in search for knowledge-driven therapeutic strategies in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Komar
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Gandhi 14 Str, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Gandhi 14 Str, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Huang W, Nebiolo C, Esbona K, Hu R, Lloyd R. Ki67 index and mitotic count: Correlation and variables affecting the accuracy of the quantification in endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 48:151586. [PMID: 32836178 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of Ki67 and mitosis is time consuming and subject to inter-observer variabilities. Limited studies explored the impact of those variables on the results and the correlation between mitotic count and Ki67 index in endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors, particularly so since the advent of PHH3 antibody and digital pathology. Using Ki67 and mitosis as examples, this study is intended to reveal variables affecting accurate quantification of biomarkers, and to explore the relationship of Ki67 index and mitotic count/index in endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors. Using both manual and pathologist supervised digital image analysis (PSDIA) methods, we examined the impact of post-analytical variables on the quantification of mitosis and Ki67 index and studied the correlation between them in 41 cases of endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors of variable histological grades/proliferating rates. We found that the selection of hotspots, field size and especially threshold affected the outcome of quantification of mitosis and Ki67 index; that mitotic count/index strongly (p < 0.05) correlated with Ki67 index only in the tumors with peak Ki67 index less than 30% and the correlation was more monotonic (positive, non-linear) than linear. In the hotspots of these tumors, the ratio of mitotic count to proliferating cells defined by Ki67 detection averaged 0.04. We also found that the PHH3 antibody could markedly increase the efficiency and accuracy of mitotic quantification. A consensus among pathologists is needed for the selection of hotspots, field size and threshold for quantification of mitosis and Ki67 index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States of America.
| | - Christian Nebiolo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States of America
| | - Karla Esbona
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States of America
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States of America
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7
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Hacking SM, Sajjan S, Lee L, Ziemba Y, Angert M, Yang Y, Jin C, Chavarria H, Kataria N, Jain S, Nasim M. Potential Pitfalls in Diagnostic Digital Image Analysis: Experience with Ki-67 and PHH3 in Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Observational Study Examining the Diagnostic Practice of Ki67 Staining for Melanocytic Lesions. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 41:488-491. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Jin C, Huang Y, Nasim M, Yang Y, Lee L. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Risk Stratification Utilizing Phospho-Histone H3 Evaluated by Manual Counting and Computer-Assisted Image Analysis. Int J Surg Pathol 2019; 27:706-712. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896919851866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background. Risk of progressive disease of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) relies on mitotic index, size, and location of the tumor. However, manual mitotic counting on hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides (MMC-HE) is inefficient with low reproducibility. Manual count of phospho-histone H3 (MC-PHH3)-positive cells on immunohistochemical stained slides has been shown to have comparable reliability with MMC-HE. This study aims to confirm the reliability of MC-PHH3 in GISTs compared with MMC-HE and then to further compare MC-PHH3 with computer-assisted image analysis of PHH3-positive cells (Comp-PHH3). Methods. The study included 119 patients with GISTs. PHH3 stains were performed. MC-PHH3 was assessed as counts/5 mm2 high-power fields. Whole slide images were captured and the tumor area with greatest mitotic activity was manually identified. The PHH3-positive cells were automatically counted in 0.5 mm2 using Ventana Virtuoso software. Results. MMC-HE ranged from 0 to 157/5 mm2. MC-PHH3 ranged from 0 to 35.6/5 mm2. Comp-PHH3 ranged from 0 to 66/0.5 mm2. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) indicates good agreement between the 3 pathologists for MC-PHH3 (ICC = 0.74, P = .42). There is a strong correlation between MMC-HE and MC-PHH3. The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.63 ( P < .0001). Lin’s concordance further indicated a moderate diagnostic agreement between MC-PHH3 and Comp-PHH3. Conclusion. MC-PHH3 is proposed as a superior alternative to MMC-HE with potential application in GIST reporting and prognostication. Furthermore, Comp-PHH3 may be a valid alternative to MC-PHH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Jin
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Mansoor Nasim
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Yihe Yang
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Lili Lee
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lake Success, NY, USA
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10
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Zhu P, Zhang CB, Yang P, Chen J, Liu YQ, Hu HM, Huang H, Bao ZS, Zhang W, Kong WJ, Jiang T. Phosphohistone H3 (pHH3) is a prognostic and epithelial to mesenchymal transition marker in diffuse gliomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45005-45014. [PMID: 27323851 PMCID: PMC5216701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) grading of gliomas stratifies tumors by histology. However, the aggressiveness of tumors in each grade still shows great heterogeneity. Phosphohistone H3 (pHH3) has been reported as an accurate marker of cells within the mitotic phase of the cell cycle in many kinds of cancers. To evaluate the role of pHH3 in predicting patient outcome and to annotate the functions of pHH3 in WHO grade II-IV gliomas, we analyzed the expression pattern of pHH3 and pHH3 associated genes by IHC and mRNA expression profiling. Phosphohistone H3, mRNA enrichment of histone H3 and associated gene signature all showed prognostic value in adult diffuse gliomas. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that the expression of pHH3 had positive correlation with both epithelial to mesenchymal transition and immune response. These findings suggest that subgroups of diffuse gliomas defined by pHH3 and pHH3 signatures possess distinctive prognostic and biological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chuan-Bao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-Qing Liu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui-Min Hu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
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11
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Duregon E, Bertero L, Pittaro A, Soffietti R, Rudà R, Trevisan M, Papotti M, Ventura L, Senetta R, Cassoni P. Ki-67 proliferation index but not mitotic thresholds integrates the molecular prognostic stratification of lower grade gliomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:21190-8. [PMID: 27049832 PMCID: PMC5008278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several molecular signatures for “lower grade diffuse gliomas” (LGG) have been identified, WHO grade still remains a cornerstone of treatment guidelines. Mitotic count bears a crucial role in its definition, although limited by the poor reproducibility of standard Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) evaluation. Phospho-histone-H3 (PHH3) and Ki-67 have been proposed as alternative assays of cellular proliferation. Therefore in the present series of 141 LGG, the molecular characterization (namely IDH status, 1p/19q co-deletion and MGMT promoter methylation) was integrated with the tumor “proliferative trait” (conventional H&E or PHH3-guided mitotic count and Ki-67 index) in term of prognosis definition. Exclusively high PHH3 and Ki-67 values were predictor of poor prognosis (log rank test, P = 0.0281 for PHH3 and P = 0.032 for Ki-67), unlike standard mitotic count. Based on Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, among all clinical (age), pathological (PHH3 and Ki-67) and molecular variables (IDH, 1p/19q codeletion and MGMT methylation) with a prognostic relevance at univariate survival analysis, only IDH expression (P = 0.001) and Ki-67 proliferation index (P = 0.027) proved to be independent prognostic factors. In addition, stratifying by IDH expression status, high Ki-67 retained its prognostic relevance uniquely in the IDH negative patient (P = 0.029) doubling their risk of death (hazard ratio = 2.27). Overall, PHH3 immunostaining is the sole reliable method with a prognostic value to highlight mitotic figures in LGG. Ki-67 proliferation index exceeds PHH3 mitotic count as a predictor of patient's prognosis, and should be integrated with molecular markers in a comprehensive grading system for LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Bertero
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Soffietti
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Morena Trevisan
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit-CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,CPO-Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Ventura
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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12
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Lewitowicz P, Matykiewicz J, Chrapek M, Koziel D, Horecka-Lewitowicz A, Gluszek-Osuch M, Wawrzycka I, Gluszek S. Tumor Digital Masking Allows Precise Patient Triaging: A Study Based on Ki-67 Scoring in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. SCANNING 2018; 2018:7807416. [PMID: 30245762 PMCID: PMC6139189 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7807416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technological advances constantly provide cutting-edge tools that enhance the progress of diagnostic capabilities. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors belong to a family of mesenchymal tumors where patient triaging is still based on traditional criteria such as mitotic count, tumor size, and tumor location. Limitations of the human eye and randomness in choice of area for mitotic figure counting compel us to seek more objective solutions such as digital image analysis. Presently, the labelling of proliferative activity is becoming a routine task amidst many cancers. The purpose of the present study was to compare the traditional method of prediction based on mitotic ratio with digital image analysis of cell cycle-dependent proteins. METHODS Fifty-seven eligible cases were enrolled. Furthermore, a digital analysis of previously performed whole tissue section immunohistochemical assays was executed. Digital labelling covered both hotspots and not-hotspots equally. RESULTS We noted a significant diversity of proliferative activities, and consequently, the results pointed to 6.5% of Ki-67, counted in hotspots, as the optimal cut-off for low-high-grade GIST. ROC analysis (AUC = 0.913; 95% CI: 0.828-0.997, p < 0.00001) and odds ratio (OR = 40.0, 95% CI: 6.7-237.3, p < 0.0001) pointed to Ki-67 16% as the cut-off for very high-grade (groups 5-6) cases. With help of a tumor digital map, we revealed possible errors resulting from a wrong choice of field for analysis. We confirmed that Ki-67 scores are in line with the level of intracellular metabolism that could be used as the additional biomarker. CONCLUSIONS Tumor digital masking is very promising solution for repeatable and objective labelling. Software adjustments of nuclear shape, outlines, size, etc. are helpful to omit other Ki-67-positive cells especially small lymphocytes. Our results pointed to Ki-67 as a good biomarker in GIST, but concurrently, we noted significant differences in used digital approaches which could lead to unequivocal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewitowicz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Matykiewicz
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Department of General, Oncological and Endocrine Surgery, The Voivodship Hospital in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chrapek
- Department of Probability Theory and Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Dorota Koziel
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Agata Horecka-Lewitowicz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Martyna Gluszek-Osuch
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Iwona Wawrzycka
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Department of General, Oncological and Endocrine Surgery, The Voivodship Hospital in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Stanisław Gluszek
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Department of General, Oncological and Endocrine Surgery, The Voivodship Hospital in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
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Khan SA, Amnekar R, Khade B, Barreto SG, Ramadwar M, Shrikhande SV, Gupta S. p38-MAPK/MSK1-mediated overexpression of histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation defines distance-dependent prognostic value of negative resection margin in gastric cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:88. [PMID: 27588146 PMCID: PMC5007744 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in histone modifications are now well known to result in epigenetic heterogeneity in tumor tissues; however, their prognostic value and association with resection margins still remain poorly understood and controversial. Further, histopathologically negative resection margins in several cancers have been associated with better prognosis of the disease. However, in gastric cancer, despite a high rate of R0 resection, a considerably high incidence of loco-regional recurrence is observed. We believe alterations of global histone post-translational modifications could help in identifying molecular signatures for defining the true negative surgical resection margins and also the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Results The present study compares the level of H3S10ph among paired tumor and histopathologically confirmed disease-free (R0) proximal and distal surgical resection margin (PRM and DRM) tissue samples of GC patients (n = 101). Immunoblotting and immune-histochemical analysis showed a significantly (p < 0.01) higher level of H3S10ph in tumor compared to R0 surgical resection margins. Along with tumor, high H3S10ph levels in both PRM and DRM correlated with clinical parameters and poor survival. Interestingly, in the case of PRM and DRM, the association of H3S10ph with poor survival was only found in a patient group with the resection margin distance <4 cm. Further investigations revealed that the increase of H3S10ph in tumor tissues is not due to the change in cell cycle profile but rather an interphase-associated phenomenon. Moreover, an increase in ph-MSK1 and ph-p38 levels in tumor tissues and the decrease in ph-MSK1 and H3S10ph on p38 inhibition in gastric cancer cells confirmed p38-MAPK/MSK1 pathway-mediated regulation of H3S10ph in gastric cancer. Conclusions Our study provides the first evidence that p38-MAPK/MSK1-regulated increase of H3S10ph in GC is predictive of a more aggressive cancer phenotype and could help in defining true negative surgical resection margin. Importantly, our data also gave a new rationale for exploration of the use of MSK1 inhibitor in gastric cancer therapy and the combination of histone post-translational modifications, H4K16ac and H4K20me3 along with H3S10ph as epigenetic prognostic markers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0255-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafqat Ali Khan
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India ; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085 India
| | - Ramchandra Amnekar
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India ; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085 India
| | - Bharat Khade
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India
| | | | - Mukta Ramadwar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, MH 400012 India
| | - Shailesh V Shrikhande
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Service, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, MH 400012 India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India ; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085 India
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Khan SA, Reddy D, Gupta S. Global histone post-translational modifications and cancer: Biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment? World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:333-345. [PMID: 26629316 PMCID: PMC4657128 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i4.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Global alterations in epigenetic landscape are now recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning and non-coding RNAs are proven to have strong association with cancer. In particular, covalent post-translational modifications of histone proteins are known to play an important role in chromatin remodeling and thereby in regulation of gene expression. Further, histone modifications have also been associated with different aspects of carcinogenesis and have been studied for their role in the better management of cancer patients. In this review, we will explore and discuss how histone modifications are involved in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
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