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Hao Q, Wu H, Liu E, Wang L. BUB1, BUB1B, CCNA2, and CDCA8, along with miR-524-5p, as clinically relevant biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:995. [PMID: 37853361 PMCID: PMC10585751 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a malignant tumor of the female reproductive tract that has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for EC. METHODS A publicly available transcriptome data set comprising 587 EC cases was subjected to a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to identify candidate genes responsible for EC occurrence and development. Next, we used clinical samples and cell experiments for validation. RESULTS A total of 1,617 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Analysis of patient survival outcomes revealed that BUB1, BUB1B, CCNA2, and CDCA8 were correlated with prognosis in patients with EC. Moreover, assessment of clinical samples confirmed that BUB1, BUB1B, CCNA2 and CDCA8 were strongly expressed in EC tissues. Additionally, bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-524-5p can target and regulate these four genes. Overexpression of miR-524-5p significantly inhibited EC Ishikawa cells viability, migration and invasion. Inhibition of miR-524-5p showed the opposite results. CONCLUSIONS Expression of miR-524-5p reduced the migration and invasion of Ishikawa EC cells, and decreased BUB1, BUB1B, CCNA2, and CDCA8 expression. miR-524-5p, as well as BUB1, BUB1B, CCNA2, and CDCA8, may be clinically relevant biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Hongqin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Erniao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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Di Fiore R, Suleiman S, Drago-Ferrante R, Subbannayya Y, Suleiman S, Vasileva-Slaveva M, Yordanov A, Pentimalli F, Giordano A, Calleja-Agius J. The Role of FBXW7 in Gynecologic Malignancies. Cells 2023; 12:1415. [PMID: 37408248 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The F-Box and WD Repeat Domain Containing 7 (FBXW7) protein has been shown to regulate cellular growth and act as a tumor suppressor. This protein, also known as FBW7, hCDC4, SEL10 or hAGO, is encoded by the gene FBXW7. It is a crucial component of the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box (SCF) complex, which is a ubiquitin ligase. This complex aids in the degradation of many oncoproteins, such as cyclin E, c-JUN, c-MYC, NOTCH, and MCL1, via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The FBXW7 gene is commonly mutated or deleted in numerous types of cancer, including gynecologic cancers (GCs). Such FBXW7 mutations are linked to a poor prognosis due to increased treatment resistance. Hence, detection of the FBXW7 mutation may possibly be an appropriate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker that plays a central role in determining suitable individualized management. Recent studies also suggest that, under specific circumstances, FBXW7 may act as an oncogene. There is mounting evidence indicating that the aberrant expression of FBXW7 is involved in the development of GCs. The aim of this review is to give an update on the role of FBXW7 as a potential biomarker and also as a therapeutic target for novel treatments, particularly in the management of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | | | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sarah Suleiman
- Whipps Cross Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Leytonstone, London E11 1NR, UK
| | - Mariela Vasileva-Slaveva
- Department of Breast Surgery, "Dr. Shterev" Hospital, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Breast and Gynecological Cancer Association, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Angel Yordanov
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University "Giuseppe DeGennaro", 70010 Casamassima, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
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3
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Vaicekauskaitė I, Sabaliauskaitė R, Lazutka JR, Jarmalaitė S. The Emerging Role of Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213670. [PMID: 36430148 PMCID: PMC9697406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth leading cause of women's death from cancers. The high mortality rate is attributed to the late presence of the disease and the lack of modern diagnostic tools, including molecular biomarkers. Moreover, OC is a highly heterogeneous disease, which contributes to early treatment failure. Thus, exploring OC molecular mechanisms could significantly enhance our understanding of the disease and provide new treatment options. Chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs) are ATP-dependent molecular machines responsible for chromatin reorganization and involved in many DNA-related processes, including transcriptional regulation, replication, and reparation. Dysregulation of chromatin remodeling machinery may be related to cancer development and chemoresistance in OC. Some forms of OC and other gynecologic diseases have been associated with mutations in specific CRC genes. Most notably, ARID1A in endometriosis-related OC, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1 in hypercalcemic type small cell ovarian carcinoma (SCCOHT), ACTL6A, CHRAC1, RSF1 amplification in high-grade serous OC. Here we review the available literature on CRCs' involvement in OC to improve our understanding of its development and investigate CRCs as possible biomarkers and treatment targets for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vaicekauskaitė
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Sabaliauskaitė
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Rimantas Lazutka
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Jarmalaitė
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
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Kobayashi Y, Kitazono I, Akahane T, Yanazume S, Kamio M, Togami S, Nohara S, Sakamoto I, Yokoyama S, Tabata K, Kobayashi H, Tanimoto A. Molecular Evaluation of Endometrial Dedifferentiated Carcinoma, Endometrioid Carcinoma, Carcinosarcoma, and Serous Carcinoma Using a Custom-Made Small Cancer Panel. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 27:1610013. [PMID: 35002543 PMCID: PMC8734147 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1610013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is often difficult to histologically differentiate among endometrial dedifferentiated carcinoma (DC), endometrioid carcinoma (EC), serous carcinoma (SC), and carcinosarcoma (CS) due to the presence of solid components. In this study, we aimed to categorize these carcinomas according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification using a small custom-made cancer genome panel (56 genes and 17 microsatellite regions) for integrated molecular diagnosis. A total of 36 endometrial cancer cases with solid components were assessed using IHC, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the custom-made panel. Among 19 EC cases, six were categorized as MMR-deficient (MMR-d) and eight were classified as having a nonspecific molecular profile. Three EC cases were classified as POLE mutation (POLEmut)-type, which had a very high tumor mutation burden (TMB) and low microsatellite instability (MSI). Increased TMB and MSI were observed in all three DC cases, classified as MMR-d with mutations in MLH1 and POLD1. Except for one case classified as MMR-d, all SC cases exhibited TP53 mutations and were classified as p53 mutation-type. SC cases also exhibited amplification of CCND1, CCNE1, and MYC. CS cases were classified as three TCGA types other than the POLEmut-type. The IHC results for p53 and ARID1A were almost consistent with their mutation status. NGS analysis using a small panel enables categorization of endometrial cancers with solid proliferation according to TCGA classification. As TCGA molecular classification does not consider histological findings, an integrated analytical procedure including IHC and NGS may be a practical diagnostic tool for endometrial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kobayashi
- Course of Advanced Cancer Medicine for Gynecologic Cancer, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ikumi Kitazono
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Akahane
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.,Center for Human Genome and Gene Analysis, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yanazume
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaki Kamio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Togami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sachio Nohara
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Mitsubishi Space Software, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Ippei Sakamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Mitsubishi Space Software, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Seiya Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tabata
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Course of Advanced Cancer Medicine for Gynecologic Cancer, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.,Center for Human Genome and Gene Analysis, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
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5
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Baiden-Amissah REM, Annibali D, Tuyaerts S, Amant F. Endometrial Cancer Molecular Characterization: The Key to Identifying High-Risk Patients and Defining Guidelines for Clinical Decision-Making? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3988. [PMID: 34439142 PMCID: PMC8391655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinomas (EC) are the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide and the most prevalent in the developed world. ECs have been historically sub-classified in two major groups, type I and type II, based primarily on histopathological characteristics. Notwithstanding the usefulness of such classification in the clinics, until now it failed to adequately stratify patients preoperatively into low- or high-risk groups. Pieces of evidence point to the fact that molecular features could also serve as a base for better patients' risk stratification and treatment decision-making. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), back in 2013, redefined EC into four main molecular subgroups. Despite the high hopes that welcomed the possibility to incorporate molecular features into practice, currently they have not been systematically applied in the clinics. Here, we outline how the emerging molecular patterns can be used as prognostic factors together with tumor histopathology and grade, and how they can help to identify high-risk EC subpopulations for better risk stratification and treatment strategy improvement. Considering the importance of the use of preclinical models in translational research, we also discuss how the new patient-derived models can help in identifying novel potential targets and help in treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.E.M.B.-A.); (D.A.)
| | - Sandra Tuyaerts
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Frederic Amant
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.E.M.B.-A.); (D.A.)
- Centre for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute (Avl-NKI), University Medical Centre (UMC), 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Mori S, Gotoh O, Kiyotani K, Low SK. Genomic alterations in gynecological malignancies: histotype-associated driver mutations, molecular subtyping schemes, and tumorigenic mechanisms. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:853-868. [PMID: 34092788 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous histological subtypes (histotypes) of gynecological malignancies, with each histotype considered to largely reflect a feature of the "cell of origin," and to be tightly linked with the clinical behavior and biological phenotype of the tumor. The recent advances in massive parallel sequencing technologies have provided a more complete picture of the range of the genomic alterations that can persist within individual tumors, and have highlighted the types and frequencies of driver-gene mutations and molecular subtypes often associated with these histotypes. Several large-scale genomic cohorts, including the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), have been used to characterize the genomic features of a range of gynecological malignancies, including high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, uterine cervical carcinoma, and uterine carcinosarcoma. These datasets have also been pivotal in identifying clinically relevant molecular targets and biomarkers, and in the construction of molecular subtyping schemes. In addition, the recent widespread use of clinical sequencing for the more ubiquitous types of gynecological cancer has manifested in a series of large genomic datasets that have allowed the characterization of the genomes, driver mutations, and histotypes of even rare cancer types, with sufficient statistical power. Here, we review the field of gynecological cancer, and seek to describe the genomic features by histotype. We also will demonstrate how these are linked with clinicopathological attributes and highlight the potential tumorigenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Mori
- Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Osamu Gotoh
- Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Project for Immunogenomics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Siew Kee Low
- Project for Immunogenomics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Bennett JA, Oliva E. Undifferentiated and dedifferentiated neoplasms of the female genital tract. Semin Diagn Pathol 2020; 38:137-151. [PMID: 33323288 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated neoplasms in the female gynecologic tract comprise two main groups-undifferentiated carcinoma, most common in the endometrium and ovary, and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma, although tumors with an undifferentiated appearance may occur in all gynecologic organs. Their differential diagnosis is broad and generous sampling, careful morphological evaluation, judicious use of immunohistochemistry, and in many cases, molecular testing is often essential in the diagnostic work-up. As some of these neoplasms fail to respond to conventional chemotherapy regimens and/or radiation therapy, targeted therapy may be valuable in treating these highly aggressive tumors, thus the importance of precise diagnosis. In this review we discuss the clinicopathological features of undifferentiated carcinoma, dedifferentiated carcinoma, and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma, followed by a comprehensive analysis of morphological mimickers. Finally, we briefly review ovarian and lower genital tract tumors with an undifferentiated histological appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bennett
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Esther Oliva
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Cuevas D, Velasco A, Vaquero M, Santacana M, Gatius S, Eritja N, Estaran E, Matias‐Guiu X. Intratumour heterogeneity in endometrial serous carcinoma assessed by targeted sequencing and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification: a descriptive study. Histopathology 2020; 76:447-460. [DOI: 10.1111/his.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Cuevas
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova Universitat de Lleida IRBLleida Ciberonc Lleida Spain
| | - Ana Velasco
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova Universitat de Lleida IRBLleida Ciberonc Lleida Spain
| | - Marta Vaquero
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova Universitat de Lleida IRBLleida Ciberonc Lleida Spain
| | - Maria Santacana
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova Universitat de Lleida IRBLleida Ciberonc Lleida Spain
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova Universitat de Lleida IRBLleida Ciberonc Lleida Spain
| | - Núria Eritja
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova Universitat de Lleida IRBLleida Ciberonc Lleida Spain
| | - Elena Estaran
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova Universitat de Lleida IRBLleida Ciberonc Lleida Spain
| | - Xavier Matias‐Guiu
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova Universitat de Lleida IRBLleida Ciberonc Lleida Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge Idibell Barcelona Spain
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Liu L, Lin J, He H. Identification of Potential Crucial Genes Associated With the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:373. [PMID: 31105744 PMCID: PMC6499025 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in the development of strategies for treating EC, prognosis of the disease remains unsatisfactory, especially for advanced EC. The aim of this study was to identify novel genes that can be used as potential biomarkers for identifying the prognosis of EC and to construct a novel risk stratification using these genes. Methods and Results An mRNA sequencing dataset, corresponding survival data and expression profiling of an array of EC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus, respectively. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on sequencing and expression as given in the profiling dataset. Pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. The protein-protein interaction network was established using the string online database in order to identify hub genes. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to screen prognostic DEGs and to construct a prognostic signature. Survival analysis based on the prognostic signature was performed on TCGA EC dataset. A total of 255 common DEGs were found and 11 hub genes (TOP2A, CDK1, CCNB1, CCNB2, AURKA, PCNA, CCNA2, BIRC5, NDC80, CDC20, and BUB1BA) that may be closely related to the pathogenesis of EC were identified. A panel of 7 DEG signatures consisting of PHLDA2, GGH, ESPL1, FAM184A, KIAA1644, ESPL1, and TRPM4 were constructed. The signature performed well for prognosis prediction (p < 0.001) and time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis displayed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.797, 0.734, 0.729, and 0.647 for 1, 3, 5, and 10-year overall survival (OS) prediction, respectively. Conclusion This study identified potential genes that may be involved in the pathophysiology of EC and constructed a novel gene expression signature for EC risk stratification and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jiajing Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hongying He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
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Chiu HC, Li CJ, Yiang GT, Tsai APY, Wu MY. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Cell Biology of Molecular Regulation in Endometrial Carcinogenesis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E439. [PMID: 30935077 PMCID: PMC6518354 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinogenesis is involved in several signaling pathways and it comprises multiple steps. The four major signaling pathways-PI3K/AKT, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, WNT/β-catenin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-are involved in tumor cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. The genetic mutation and germline mitochondrial DNA mutations also impair cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis signaling, and epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition by several transcription factors, leading to endometrial carcinogenesis and distant metastasis. The PI3K/AKT pathway activates the ransforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-mediated endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it interacts with downstream signals to upregulate EMT-associated factors. Estrogen and progesterone signaling in EMT also play key roles in the prognosis of endometrial carcinogenesis. In this review article, we summarize the current clinical and basic research efforts regarding the detailed molecular regulation in endometrial carcinogenesis, especially in EMT, to provide novel targets for further anti-carcinogenesis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chen Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Andy Po-Yi Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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