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Wu J, Guo Q, Zhu J, Wu Y, Wang S, Liang S, Ju X, Wu X. Developing a nomogram for preoperative prediction of cervical cancer lymph node metastasis by multiplex immunofluorescence. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:485. [PMID: 37254049 PMCID: PMC10228122 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most traditional procedures can destroy tissue natural structure, and the information on spatial distribution and temporal distribution of immune milieu in situ would be lost. We aimed to explore the potential mechanism of pelvic lymph node (pLN) metastasis of cervical cancer (CC) by multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) and construct a nomogram for preoperative prediction of pLN metastasis in patients with CC. METHODS Patients (180 IB1-IIA2 CC patients of 2009 FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics)) were divided into two groups based on pLN status. Tissue microarray (TMA) was prepared and tumor-infiltrating immune markers were assessed by mIF. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and nomogram were used to develop the predicting model. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analysis constructs a predictive model and the area under the curve (AUC) can reach 0.843. By internal validation with the remaining 40% of cases, a new ROC curve has emerged and the AUC reached 0.888. CONCLUSIONS This study presents an immune nomogram, which can be conveniently used to facilitate the preoperative individualized prediction of LN metastasis in patients with CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangchun Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhao Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Simin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Liang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingzhu Ju
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200000, PR China.
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200000, PR China.
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Weidemann S, Gorbokon N, Lennartz M, Hube-Magg C, Fraune C, Bernreuther C, Clauditz TS, Jacobsen F, Jansen K, Schmalfeldt B, Wölber L, Paluchowski P, Berkes E, Heilenkötter U, Sauter G, Uhlig R, Wilczak W, Steurer S, Simon R, Krech T, Marx A, Burandt E, Lebok P. High Homogeneity of Mesothelin Expression in Primary and Metastatic Ovarian Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:77-83. [PMID: 36728364 PMCID: PMC9928564 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To study the extent of heterogeneity of mesothelin overexpression in primary ovarian cancers and their peritoneal and lymph node metastases, a tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed from multiple sites of 220 ovarian cancers and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. One tissue core each was taken from up to 18 different tumor blocks per cancer, resulting in a total of 2460 tissue spots from 423 tumor sites (188 primary cancers, 162 peritoneal carcinosis, and 73 lymph node metastases). Positive mesothelin expression was found in 2041 of the 2342 (87%) arrayed tissue spots and in 372 of the 392 (95%) tumor sites that were interpretable for mesothelin immunohistochemistry. Intratumoral heterogeneity was found in 23% of 168 primary cancer sites interpretable for mesothelin and decreased to 12% in 154 peritoneal carcinosis and to 6% in 71 lymph node metastases ( P <0.0001). Heterogeneity between the primary tumor and matched peritoneal carcinosis was found in 16% of 102 cancers with interpretable mesothelin results. In these cancers, the mesothelin status switched from positive in the primary tumor to negative in the peritoneal carcinosis (3 cancers) in or vice versa (2 cancers), or a mixture of positive and negative peritoneal carcinoses was found (11 cancers). No such switch was seen between the mesothelin-interpretable primary tumors and their nodal metastases of 59 cancers, and only 1 mesothelin-positive tumor had a mixture of positive and negative lymph node metastases. In conclusion, mesothelin expression is frequent and highly homogeneous in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | | | | | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | | | - Till S. Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Kristina Jansen
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic
| | | | - Linn Wölber
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | | | - Enikö Berkes
- Department of Gynecology, Regio Clinic Itzehoe, Itzehoe
| | | | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
- Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Institute of Pathology, Osnabrueck
| | - Andreas Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
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Yamadera M, Shinto E, Nagata K, Shiraishi T, Kajiwara Y, Mochizuki S, Okamoto K, Kishi Y, Ueno H. Proposal for a tumor budding predictive score derived from endoscopic biopsy samples in colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:756-764. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-02104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liang F, Wang S, Zhang K, Liu TJ, Li JN. Development of artificial intelligence technology in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:124-152. [PMID: 35116107 PMCID: PMC8790413 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has made leaps and bounds since its invention. AI technology can be subdivided into many technologies such as machine learning and deep learning. The application scope and prospect of different technologies are also totally different. Currently, AI technologies play a pivotal role in the highly complex and wide-ranging medical field, such as medical image recognition, biotechnology, auxiliary diagnosis, drug research and development, and nutrition. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal cancer that has a high mortality, posing a serious threat to human health. Many CRCs are caused by the malignant transformation of colorectal polyps. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to CRC prognosis. The methods of diagnosing CRC are divided into imaging diagnosis, endoscopy, and pathology diagnosis. Treatment methods are divided into endoscopic treatment, surgical treatment, and drug treatment. AI technology is in the weak era and does not have communication capabilities. Therefore, the current AI technology is mainly used for image recognition and auxiliary analysis without in-depth communication with patients. This article reviews the application of AI in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CRC and provides the prospects for the broader application of AI in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tong-Jun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian-Nan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
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Paulsen JD, Polydorides AD. Pathology and Prognosis of Colonic Adenocarcinomas With Intermediate Primary Tumor Stage Between pT2 and pT3. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 146:591-602. [PMID: 34473229 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0109-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Primary tumor stage (pT) is an important prognostic indicator in colonic adenocarcinomas; however, cases that have no muscle fibers beyond the advancing tumor edge but also show no extension beyond the apparent outer border of muscularis propria (termed pT2int), have not been previously studied. OBJECTIVE.— To address the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of pT2int tumors. DESIGN.— We recharacterized 168 colon carcinomas and compared pT2int cases to bona fide pT2 and pT3 tumors. RESULTS.— In side-by-side analysis, 21 pT2int cases diverged from 29 pT2 tumors only in terms of larger size (P = .03), but they were less likely to show high-grade (P = .03), lymphovascular (P < .001), and extramural venous invasion (P = .04); discontinuous tumor deposits (P = .02); lymph node involvement (P = .001); and advanced stage (P = .001), compared with 118 pT3 tumors. Combining pT2int with pT2 cases (versus pT3) was a better independent predictor of negative lymph nodes in multivariate analysis (P = .04; odds ratio [OR], 3.96; CI, 1.09-14.42) and absent distant metastasis in univariate analysis (P = .04), compared with sorting pT2int with pT3 cases (versus pT2). Proportional hazards regression showed that pT2 and pT2int cases together were associated with better disease-free survival compared with pT3 tumors (P = .04; OR, 3.65; CI, 1.05-12.70). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that when pT2int were grouped with pT2 tumors, they were significantly less likely to show disease progression compared with pT3 (P = .002; log-rank test) and showed a trend toward better disease-specific survival (P = .06), during a mean patient follow-up of 44.9 months. CONCLUSIONS.— These data support the conclusion that pT2int carcinomas have clinicopathologic characteristics and are associated with patient outcomes more closely aligned with pT2 rather than pT3 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Paulsen
- From the Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexandros D Polydorides
- From the Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Nagata K, Shinto E, Ueno H. ASO Author Reflections: Mesothelin Expression in Patients with Stage IV Colorectal Cancer: A New Potential Therapeutic Target. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:8587-8588. [PMID: 34346021 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Nagata
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eiji Shinto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Nagata K, Shinto E, Shiraishi T, Yamadera M, Kajiwara Y, Mochizuki S, Okamoto K, Einama T, Kishi Y, Ueno H. Mesothelin Expression is Correlated with Chemoresistance in Stage IV Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:8579-8586. [PMID: 34318385 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell-surface glycoprotein present on mesothelial cells; its expression in several epithelial cancers generally portends an unfavorable prognosis. We investigated MSLN as a surrogate chemopredictive biomarker and examined the impact of MSLN expression in stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We recruited 254 patients with CRC who received systemic chemotherapy following primary tumor resection between 2000 and 2019. Resected specimens were immunostained for MSLN and stratified by MSLN expression. The associations of tumor MSLN expression with tumor response in metastatic lesions and survival were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 247 patients with stage IV CRC, 41 (16.1%) and 213 (83.9%) had high and low MSLN expression, respectively. Based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria, the investigator-assessed objective response rate was 22.0% in the high MSLN expression group and 45.5% in the low MSLN expression group (p = 0.0050). The disease control rates in these groups were 65.9% and 85.9%, respectively (p = 0.00019). In the patients with high MSLN expression, the conversion rate among those with initially unresectable metastases was 0% versus 14% in the patients with low MSLN expression (p = 0.0053). The median overall survival (OS) was 1.5 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.8) in the high MSLN expression group versus 2.6 years (95% CI 2.2-3.0) in the low MSLN expression group. The 3-year OS rates in these groups were 23.5 and 41.5%, respectively (p = 0.0120). CONCLUSIONS High MSLN expression is correlated with chemoresistance and poor prognoses in stage IV CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Nagata
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eiji Shinto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Takehiro Shiraishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masato Yamadera
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kajiwara
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satsuki Mochizuki
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Einama
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoji Kishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Jenniskens JCA, Offermans K, Samarska I, Fazzi GE, Simons CCJM, Smits KM, Schouten LJ, Weijenberg MP, van den Brandt PA, Grabsch HI. Validity and Reproducibility of Immunohistochemical Scoring by Trained Non-Pathologists on Tissue Microarrays. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1867-1874. [PMID: 34272264 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scoring of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining is often done by non-pathologists, especially in large-scale tissue microarray (TMA)-based studies. Studies on the validity and reproducibility of scoring results from non-pathologists are limited. Therefore, our main aim was to assess interobserver agreement between trained non-pathologists and an experienced histopathologist for three IHC markers with different subcellular localization (nucleus/membrane/cytoplasm). METHODS Three non-pathologists were trained in recognizing adenocarcinoma and IHC scoring by a senior histopathologist. Kappa statistics were used to analyze interobserver and intraobserver agreement for 6,249 TMA cores from a colorectal cancer series. RESULTS Interobserver agreement between non-pathologists (independently scored) and the histopathologist was "substantial" for nuclear and membranous IHC markers (κrange = 0.67-0.75 and κrange = 0.61-0.69, respectively), and "moderate" for the cytoplasmic IHC marker (κrange = 0.43-0.57). Scores of the three non-pathologists were also combined into a "combination score" (if at least two non-pathologists independently assigned the same score to a core, this was the combination score). This increased agreement with the pathologist (κnuclear = 0.74; κmembranous = 0.73; κcytopasmic = 0.57). Interobserver agreement between non-pathologists was "substantial" (κnuclear = 0.78; κmembranous = 0.72; κcytopasmic = 0.61). Intraobserver agreement of non-pathologists was "substantial" to "almost perfect" (κnuclear,range = 0.83-0.87; κmembranous,range = 0.75-0.82; κcytopasmic = 0.69). Overall, agreement was lowest for the cytoplasmic IHC marker. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that adequately trained non-pathologists are able to generate reproducible IHC scoring results, that are similar to those of an experienced histopathologist. A combination score of at least two non-pathologists yielded optimal results. IMPACT Non-pathologists can generate reproducible IHC results after appropriate training, making analyses of large-scale molecular pathological epidemiology studies feasible within an acceptable time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien C A Jenniskens
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly Offermans
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Iryna Samarska
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gregorio E Fazzi
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Colinda C J M Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim M Smits
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leo J Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Heike I Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands. .,Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Cao B, Zhang KC, Wei B, Chen L. Status quo and future prospects of artificial neural network from the perspective of gastroenterologists. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:2681-2709. [PMID: 34135549 PMCID: PMC8173384 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i21.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are one of the primary types of artificial intelligence and have been rapidly developed and used in many fields. In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in research concerning ANNs in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. This state-of-the-art technique exhibits excellent performance in diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and treatment. Competitions between ANNs and GI experts suggest that efficiency and accuracy might be compatible in virtue of technique advancements. However, the shortcomings of ANNs are not negligible and may induce alterations in many aspects of medical practice. In this review, we introduce basic knowledge about ANNs and summarize the current achievements of ANNs in GI diseases from the perspective of gastroenterologists. Existing limitations and future directions are also proposed to optimize ANN’s clinical potential. In consideration of barriers to interdisciplinary knowledge, sophisticated concepts are discussed using plain words and metaphors to make this review more easily understood by medical practitioners and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of General Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Mesothelin Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 12,679 Tumors. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040397. [PMID: 33917081 PMCID: PMC8067734 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) represents an attractive molecule for targeted cancer therapies. To identify tumors that might benefit from such therapies, tissue microarrays including 15,050 tumors from 122 different tumor types and 76 healthy organs were analyzed for MSLN expression by immunohistochemistry. Sixty-six (54%) tumor types showed at least occasional weak staining, including 50 (41%) tumor types with at least one strongly positive sample. Highest prevalence of MSLN positivity had ovarian carcinomas (serous 97%, clear cell 83%, endometrioid 77%, mucinous 71%, carcinosarcoma 65%), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ductal 75%, ampullary 81%), endometrial carcinomas (clear cell 71%, serous 57%, carcinosarcoma 50%, endometrioid 45%), malignant mesothelioma (69%), and adenocarcinoma of the lung (55%). MSLN was rare in cancers of the breast (7% of 1138), kidney (7% of 807), thyroid gland (1% of 638), soft tissues (0.3% of 931), and prostate (0 of 481). High expression was linked to advanced pathological tumor (pT) stage (p < 0.0001) and metastasis (p < 0.0001) in 1619 colorectal adenocarcinomas, but unrelated to parameters of malignancy in 1072 breast-, 386 ovarian-, 174 lung-, 757 kidney-, 171 endometrial-, 373 gastric-, and 925 bladder carcinomas. In summary, numerous important cancer types with high-level MSLN expression might benefit from future anti-MSLN therapies, but MSLN’s prognostic relevance appears to be limited.
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Wang Y, Nie H, He X, Liao Z, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Ou C. The emerging role of super enhancer-derived noncoding RNAs in human cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:11049-11062. [PMID: 33042269 PMCID: PMC7532672 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Super enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of adjacent enhancers that drive the expression of genes which regulate cellular identity; SE regions can be enriched with a high density of transcription factors, co-factors, and enhancer-associated epigenetic modifications. Through enhanced activation of their target genes, SEs play an important role in various diseases and conditions, including cancer. Recent studies have shown that SEs not only activate the transcriptional expression of coding genes to directly regulate biological functions, but also drive the transcriptional expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to indirectly regulate biological functions. SE-derived ncRNAs play critical roles in tumorigenesis, including malignant proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and inflammatory response. Moreover, the abnormal expression of SE-derived ncRNAs is closely related to the clinical and pathological characterization of tumors. In this review, we summarize the functions and roles of SE-derived ncRNAs in tumorigenesis and discuss their prospective applications in tumor therapy. A deeper understanding of the potential mechanism underlying the action of SE-derived ncRNAs in tumorigenesis may provide new strategies for the early diagnosis of tumors and targeted therapy.
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Significance of mesothelin expression in preoperative endoscopic biopsy specimens for colorectal cancer prognosis. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3807-3817. [PMID: 33196692 PMCID: PMC7597413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface glycoprotein that is normally expressed in the mesothelial cells but highly expressed in several malignant tumors, where the high expression is generally associated with poor prognosis. In this work, 512 patients with stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) were examined to ascertain the prognostic value of MSLN expression in preoperative endoscopic biopsy specimens. MSLN expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The tumor cells were MSLN-positive in 61 of the 512 patients (11.9%). MSLN expression was associated with a shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) period (5-year DSS = 68.7%, P = 0.0008). Besides, by multivariate analysis, MSLN expression was identified to be a marker of poor prognosis by multivariate analysis (P = 0.0033, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.31) as well as macroscopic type (P = 0.047, HR = 1.82) among the factors that can be evaluated preoperatively. MSLN-positive patients had a significantly poorer prognosis regardless of adjuvant chemotherapy administration (P = 0.0081 and P = 0.0018 for surgery alone and chemotherapy, respectively). MSLN-positive patients in the adjuvant chemotherapy group exhibited a significantly lower risk of recurrence when compared with those in the surgery alone group (P = 0.0090). In conclusion, high MSLN expression observed in preoperative endoscopic biopsy specimens of stage III CRC was an independent poor prognostic factor. Preoperative evaluation of MSLN by immunohistochemical staining might be applied to select individuals for intensive preoperative chemotherapy among the stage III CRC patients.
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Suzuki T, Yamagishi Y, Einama T, Koiwai T, Yamasaki T, Fukumura-Koga M, Ishibashi Y, Takihata Y, Shiraishi T, Miyata Y, Iwasaki T, Shinto E, Sato K, Ueno H, Yamamoto J, Kishi Y, Tsuda H. Membrane mesothelin expression positivity is associated with poor clinical outcome of luminal-type breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:193. [PMID: 32952662 PMCID: PMC7479516 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin is expressed in various types of malignant tumors. The present study immunohistochemically investigated mesothelin expression and its clinicopathological significance in each subtype of breast cancer, with special reference to its cellular localization, in particular, membrane mesothelin expression. Using tissue specimens from 482 patients with breast cancer, immunohistochemistry was used to study mesothelin expression and help classify its localization as membrane or cytoplasmic expression. Mesothelin expression was detected in 77 (16.0%) cases and was the highest in triple-negative breast cancer (31/75; 41.3%), followed by human epithelial growth factor receptor type 2 type (6/33, 18.2%) and luminal type (36/374; 9.6%). Among the 482 cases, membrane mesothelin expression was detected in 73 cases and was significantly associated with a negative hormone receptor status, higher Ki-67 labeling index, nuclear grade 3 and a lower relapse-free survival rate. Cytoplasmic mesothelin expression was not significantly associated with a lower relapse-free survival rate (P=0.058). In the 343 cases of luminal type, the membrane mesothelin expression-positive group had significantly worse prognosis than the membrane mesothelin-expression-negative group (P=0.042). There was no significant difference in the relapse-free survival rate according to the membrane mesothelin expression status in the triple-negative type and other types. It was suggested that membrane mesothelin expression in luminal type breast cancer is associated with a lower rate of relapse-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yoji Yamagishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.,Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takahiro Einama
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Tomomi Koiwai
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Tamio Yamasaki
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Makiko Fukumura-Koga
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishibashi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takihata
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takehiro Shiraishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyata
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Iwasaki
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Eiji Shinto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kimiya Sato
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Junji Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yoji Kishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
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