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Ugrumov MV. Hypothalamic neurons fully or partially expressing the dopaminergic phenotype: distribution, functioning and functional significance. A review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024:101153. [PMID: 39128801 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a key link in neuroendocrine regulations, which are provided by neuropeptides and dopamine. Until the late 1980 s, it was believed that, along with peptidergic neurons, hypothalamus contained dopaminergic neurons. Over time, it has been shown that besides dopaminergic neurons expressing the dopamine transporter and dopamine-synthesizing enzymes - tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) - the hypothalamus contains neurons expressing only TH, only AADC, both enzymes or only dopamine transporter. The end secretory product of TH neurons is L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, while that of AADC neurons and bienzymatic neurons lacking the dopamine transporter is dopamine. During ontogenesis, especially in the perinatal period, monoenzymatic neurons predominate in the hypothalamic neuroendocrine centers. It is assumed that L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine are released into the neuropil, cerebral ventricles, and blood vessels, participating in the regulation of target cell differentiation in the perinatal period and the functioning of target cells in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Huang ZH, Ni RJ, Luo PH, Zhou JN. Distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:935-952. [PMID: 31674014 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) is the closest living relative of primates. Yet, little is known about the anatomical distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (ir) structures in the hypothalamus of the tree shrew. Here, we provide the first detailed description of the distribution of TH-ir neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews via immunohistochemical techniques. TH-ir neurons were widely distributed throughout the hypothalamus of tree shrew. The majority of hypothalamic TH-ir neurons were found in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON), as was also observed in the human hypothalamus. In contrast, rare TH-ir neurons were localized in the PVN and SON of rats. Vasopressin (AVP) colocalized with TH-ir neurons in the PVN and SON in a large number of neurons, but oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing hormone did not colocalize with TH. In addition, colocalization of TH with AVP was also observed in the other hypothalamic regions. Moreover, TH-ir neurons in the PVN and SON of tree shrews expressed other dopaminergic markers (aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter, Type 2), further supporting that TH-ir neurons in the PVN and SON were catecholaminergic. These findings provide a detailed description of TH-ir neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews and demonstrate species differences in the distribution of this enzyme, providing a neurobiological basis for the participation of TH-ir neurons in the regulation of various hypothalamic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Huan Huang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Jun Ni
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Hao Luo
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Kurtova AI, Dil’mukhametova LK, Mingazov ER, Ugrumov MV. General Sources of Dopamine As a Potential Morphogenic Factor in the Developing Striatum of Rats. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2018; 479:123-126. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672918020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Godefroy D, Dominici C, Hardin-Pouzet H, Anouar Y, Melik-Parsadaniantz S, Rostène W, Reaux-Le Goazigo A. Three-dimensional distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase, vasopressin and oxytocin neurones in the transparent postnatal mouse brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 29044774 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, advances in immunohistochemistry techniques have been a critical step in detecting and mapping neuromodulatory substances in the central nervous system. The better quality and specificity of primary antibodies, new staining procedures and the spectacular development of imaging technologies have allowed such progress. Very recently, new methods permitting tissue transparency have been successfully used on brain tissues. In the present study, we combined whole-mount immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), with the iDISCO+ clearing method, light-sheet microscopy and semi-automated counting of three-dimensionally-labelled neurones to obtain a (3D) distribution of these neuronal populations in a 5-day postnatal (P5) mouse brain. Segmentation procedure and 3D reconstruction allowed us, with high resolution, to map TH staining of the various catecholaminergic cell groups and their ascending and descending fibre pathways. We show that TH pathways are present in the whole P5 mouse brain, similar to that observed in the adult rat brain. We also provide new information on the postnatal distribution of OXT and AVP immunoreactive cells in the mouse hypothalamus, and show that, compared to AVP neurones, OXT neurones in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei are not yet mature in the early postnatal period. 3D semi-automatic quantitative analysis of the PVN reveals that OXT cell bodies are more numerous than AVP neurones, although their immunoreactive soma have a volume half smaller. More AVP nerve fibres compared to OXT were observed in the PVN and the retrochiasmatic area. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate the utility and the potency of imaging large brain tissues with clearing procedures coupled to novel 3D imaging technologies to study, localise and quantify neurotransmitter substances involved in brain and neuroendocrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Godefroy
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM CNRS UMRS 968, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Normandie Université, INSERM, U1239, DC2N, IRIB, UNIROUEN, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - C Dominici
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM CNRS UMRS 968, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - H Hardin-Pouzet
- Neuroscience Paris - Seine Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Y Anouar
- Normandie Université, INSERM, U1239, DC2N, IRIB, UNIROUEN, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - S Melik-Parsadaniantz
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM CNRS UMRS 968, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - W Rostène
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM CNRS UMRS 968, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - A Reaux-Le Goazigo
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM CNRS UMRS 968, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
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MPTP Mouse Model of Preclinical and Clinical Parkinson’s Disease as an Instrument for Translational Medicine. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2991-3006. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Kozina EA, Kim AR, Kurina AY, Ugrumov MV. Cooperative synthesis of dopamine by non-dopaminergic neurons as a compensatory mechanism in the striatum of mice with MPTP-induced Parkinsonism. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 98:108-121. [PMID: 27940203 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the late 80s it has been repeatedly shown that besides dopaminergic neurons, the brain contains so-called monoenzymatic neurons possessing one of the enzymes of dopamine (DA) synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). However, the data on the existence of monoenzymatic neurons in the striatum remain controversial, and little is known about their functional significance. The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that monoenzymatic TH-containing neurons produce DA in cooperation with the neurons containing AADC, which might help to compensate DA deficiency under the failure of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Using a combination of techniques: retrograde tracing, qPCR and immunolabeling for TH, AADC and MAP2, we showed that the striatum of mice with normal and degraded dopaminergic system comprises of monoenzymatic TH- and AADC-containing neurons. To provide evidence for cooperative synthesis of DA, we used an ex vivo model of inhibiting of DA synthesis by blocking transport of l-DOPA, produced in monoenzymatic TH-containing neurons, to neurons containing AADC by means of l-leucine, a competitive inhibitor of the membrane transporter of large neutral amino acids, and l-DOPA. With this original approach, cooperative synthesis of DA in the striatum was proven in MPTP-treated mice but not in the control. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the proportion of DA produced through cooperative synthesis in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice increases as the degradation of dopaminergic system proceeds. An increase in the proportion of cooperative synthesis of DA alongside degradation of the dopaminergic system is also proved by an increase of both TH gene expression and the number of TH-immunoreactive structures in the striatum. Thus, these data suggest that the cooperative synthesis of DA in the degraded striatum is an up-regulated compensatory reaction, which plays an increasing role as DA deficiency rises, and might be considered among the principal mechanisms of neuroplasticity in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Kozina
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Aleksandr R Kim
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Anna Y Kurina
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Michael V Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow 119334, Russia; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, The National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya St, Moscow 101000, Russia.
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Khakimova GR, Kozina EA, Kucheryanu VG, Ugrumov MV. Reversible Pharmacological Induction of Motor Symptoms in MPTP-Treated Mice at the Presymptomatic Stage of Parkinsonism: Potential Use for Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3618-3632. [PMID: 27194433 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A crucial event in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is the death of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system, which are responsible for the regulation of motor function. Motor symptoms first appear in patients 20-30 years after the onset of the neurodegeneration, when there has been a loss of an essential number of neurons and depletion of compensatory reserves of the brain, which explains the low efficiency of treatment. Therefore, the development of a technology for the diagnosing of Parkinson's disease at the preclinical stage is of a high priority in neurology. In this study, we have developed at an experimental model a fundamentally novel for neurology approach for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease at the preclinical stage. This methodology, widely used for the diagnosis of chronic diseases in the internal medicine, is based on the application of a challenge test that temporarily increases the latent failure of a specific functional system, thereby inducing the short-term appearance of clinical symptoms. The provocation test was developed by a systemic administration of α-methyl-p-tyrosine (αMpT), a reversible inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase to MPTP-treated mice at the presymptomatic stage of parkinsonism. For this, we first selected a minimum dose of αMpT, which caused a decrease of the dopamine level in the striatum of normal mice below the threshold at which motor dysfunctions appear. Then, we found the maximum dose of αMpT at which a loss of dopamine in the striatum of normal mice did not reach the threshold level, and motor behavior was not impaired. We showed that αMpT at this dose induced a decrease of the dopamine concentration in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice at the presymptomatic stage of parkinsonism below a threshold level that results in the impairment of motor behavior. Finally, we proved that αMpT exerts a temporal and reversible influence on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of MPTP-treated mice with no long-term side effects on other catecholaminergic systems. Thus, the above experimental data strongly suggest that αMpT-based challenge test might be considered as the provocation test for Parkinson's disease diagnosis at the preclinical stage in the future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara R Khakimova
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Elena A Kozina
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Valerian G Kucheryanu
- Laboratory of General Pathology of the Nervous System, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology RAMS, 8 Baltiiskaya St, Moscow, 125315, Russia
| | - Michael V Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow, 119334, Russia. .,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, The National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya St, Moscow, 101000, Russia.
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Dilmukhametova LK, Pronina TS, Volina EV, Ugryumov MV. The regulation of compensatory dopamine synthesis in the arcuate nucleus of rats. NEUROCHEM J+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712414030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kozina EA, Khakimova GR, Khaindrava VG, Kucheryanu VG, Vorobyeva NE, Krasnov AN, Georgieva SG, Kerkerian-Le Goff L, Ugrumov MV. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression and activity in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of MPTP-treated mice at the presymptomatic and symptomatic stages of parkinsonism. J Neurol Sci 2014; 340:198-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ugrumov MV. Brain neurons partly expressing dopaminergic phenotype: location, development, functional significance, and regulation. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2013; 68:37-91. [PMID: 24054140 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411512-5.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In addition to catecholaminergic neurons possessing all the enzymes of catecholamine synthesis and the specific membrane transporters, neurons partly expressing the catecholaminergic phenotype have been found a quarter of a century ago. Most of them express individual enzymes of dopamine (DA) synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), or aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), lacking the DA membrane transporter and the vesicular monoamine transporter, type 2. These so-called monoenzymatic neurons are widely distributed throughout the brain in ontogenesis and adulthood being in some brain regions even more numerous than dopaminergic (DA-ergic) neurons. Individual enzymes of DA synthesis are expressed in these neurons continuously or transiently in norm and pathology. It has been proven that monoenzymatic TH neurons and AADC neurons are capable of producing DA in cooperation. It means that l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) synthesized from l-tyrosine in monoenzymatic TH neurons is transported to monoenzymatic AADC neurons for DA synthesis. Such cooperative synthesis of DA is considered as a compensatory reaction under a failure of DA-ergic neurons, for example, in neurodegenerative diseases like hyperprolactinemia and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, l-DOPA, produced in monoenzymatic TH neurons, is assumed to play a role of a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator affecting the target neurons via catecholamine receptors. Thus, numerous widespread neurons expressing individual complementary enzymes of DA synthesis serve to produce DA in cooperation that is a compensatory reaction at failure of DA-ergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Ugrumov
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Centre for Brain Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Normal Physiology RAMS, Moscow, Russia.
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Differential effects of osmotic and SSR149415 challenges in maternally separated and control rats: The role of vasopressin on spatial learning. Neurosci Lett 2012; 528:143-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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