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Zoabi S, Andreyanov M, Heinrich R, Ron S, Carmi I, Gutfreund Y, Berlin S. A custom-made AAV1 variant (AAV1-T593K) enables efficient transduction of Japanese quail neurons in vitro and in vivo. Commun Biol 2023; 6:337. [PMID: 36977781 PMCID: PMC10050006 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of rodents in neuroscience has prompted the development of optimized viral variants for transduction of brain cells, in vivo. However, many of the viruses developed are less efficient in other model organisms, with birds being among the most resistant to transduction by current viral tools. Resultantly, the use of genetically-encoded tools and methods in avian species is markedly lower than in rodents; likely holding the field back. We sought to bridge this gap by developing custom viruses towards the transduction of brain cells of the Japanese quail. We first develop a protocol for culturing primary neurons and glia from quail embryos, followed by characterization of cultures via immunostaining, single cell mRNA sequencing, patch clamp electrophysiology and calcium imaging. We then leveraged the cultures for the rapid screening of various viruses, only to find that all yielded poor to no infection of cells in vitro. However, few infected neurons were obtained by AAV1 and AAV2. Scrutiny of the sequence of the AAV receptor found in quails led us to rationally design a custom-made AAV variant (AAV1-T593K; AAV1*) that exhibits improved transduction efficiencies in vitro and in vivo (14- and five-fold, respectively). Together, we present unique culturing method, transcriptomic profiles of quail's brain cells and a custom-tailored AAV1 for transduction of quail neurons in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaden Zoabi
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Andreyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronit Heinrich
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shaked Ron
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Carmi
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram Gutfreund
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shai Berlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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2
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Yang S, Wu J, Xian X, Chen Q. Isolation, culture, and characterization of duck primary neurons. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102485. [PMID: 36689785 PMCID: PMC9876984 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The duck is a representative and good model for studying the development and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system (NS) in waterfowl. Neurons are the basic structural and functional units of NS, but there is no detailed method for cultured duck neurons in vitro. An efficient and simple method for duck neuron culture is reported in this study. First, the sfigpecific markers (NSE and GFAP, respectively) were used to explore the timing of the development of neurons and astrocytes during the duck embryonic stage (E5-E18). The cytomorphology of tissues and cells was tracked with the microscope at different time points. The brain tissues from 10-day-old duck embryos were determined as the optimal sampling embryo age for neuron culture. Then, the brain tissue isolation method (papain digestion) and cell suspension inoculation density (7 × 105 cells/mL) were identified as the culture protocol to obtain target cells with high viability and high density. The purity of the cultured neurons was more than 95%. This experiment provides a supplement for the study of in vitro culture of waterfowl neurons and lays a good foundation for various subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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3
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da Costa ER, Henrique EP, da Silva JB, Pereira PDC, de Abreu CC, Fernandes TN, Magalhães NGM, de Jesus Falcão da Silva A, Guerreiro LCF, Diniz CG, Diniz CWP, Diniz DG. Changes in hippocampal astrocyte morphology of Ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) during the wintering period at the mangroves of Amazon River estuary. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 108:101805. [PMID: 32505650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential for lipid neuronal metabolism in long-distance uninterrupted migratory flights, when glucose is not available as the main source of energy. We previously demonstrated in Calidris pusilla that after uninterrupted 5 days transatlantic flight, astrocytes shrink and reduce its number in the hippocampal formation. Here we shifted our attention to the wintering period and tested the hypothesis that hippocampal astrocyte morphology of A interpres will change as the wintering period progresses towards the premigration window. To that end we used Arenaria interpres, which also crosses the Atlantic Ocean and reaches the mangroves of the Amazon River estuary for wintering. Birds were captured in September/October (closer to the arrival in the coast of Bragança, Para, Brazil for wintering) and in April/May (closer to the departure towards the breeding sites) and had their brains processed for selective GFAP-astrocyte immunolabeling. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the immunostained astrocytes were performed and morphological classification was done based on hierarchical cluster and discriminant analysis of multimodal morphometric features. We found two morphological phenotypes of astrocytes in the newcomers which differentially increased its morphological complexities as wintering period progresses towards the pre-migration window. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the long-distance non-stop flight and wintering period differentially affected the two astrocytes morphotypes, suggesting distinct physiological roles for these cells. We suggest that morphological changes during the wintering period, may be part of the adaptive plasticity of the local hippocampal circuits of A. interpres in preparation for the long journey back to their breeding sites in the north hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Ramos da Costa
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP: 66.073-005, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ediely Pereira Henrique
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - João Batista da Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cintya Castro de Abreu
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Taiany Nogueira Fernandes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Nara Gyzely Morais Magalhães
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Jesus Falcão da Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luma Cristina Ferreira Guerreiro
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP: 66.073-005, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Rua da Escola Agrícola S/N, Vila Sinhá, CEP: 68.600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP: 66.073-005, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP: 66.073-005, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Avenida Almirante Barroso, 492, Marco, CEP: 66.093-020, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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4
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Gothié J, Vancamp P, Demeneix B, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone regulation of neural stem cell fate: From development to ageing. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13316. [PMID: 31121082 PMCID: PMC9286394 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the vertebrate brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) generate both neuronal and glial cells throughout life. However, their neuro‐ and gliogenic capacity changes as a function of the developmental context. Despite the growing body of evidence on the variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating NSC physiology, their precise cellular and molecular actions are not fully determined. Our review focuses on thyroid hormone (TH), a vital component for both development and adult brain function that regulates NSC biology at all stages. First, we review comparative data to analyse how TH modulates neuro‐ and gliogenesis during vertebrate brain development. Second, as the mammalian brain is the most studied, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying TH action in this context. Lastly, we explore how the interplay between TH signalling and cell metabolism governs both neurodevelopmental and adult neurogenesis. We conclude that, together, TH and cellular metabolism regulate optimal brain formation, maturation and function from early foetal life to adult in vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐David Gothié
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute & Hospital, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- CNRS UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
| | | | - Sylvie Remaud
- CNRS UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
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5
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Mendes de Lima C, Douglas Corrêa Pereira P, Pereira Henrique E, Augusto de Oliveira M, Carvalho Paulo D, Silva de Siqueira L, Guerreiro Diniz D, Almeida Miranda D, André Damasceno de Melo M, Gyzely de Morais Magalhães N, Francis Sherry D, Wanderley Picanço Diniz C, Guerreiro Diniz C. Differential Change in Hippocampal Radial Astrocytes and Neurogenesis in Shorebirds With Contrasting Migratory Routes. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:82. [PMID: 31680881 PMCID: PMC6798042 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about environmental influences on radial glia-like (RGL) α cells (radial astrocytes) and their relation to neurogenesis. Because radial glia is involved in adult neurogenesis and astrogenesis, we investigated this association in two migratory shorebird species that complete their autumnal migration using contrasting strategies. Before their flights to South America, the birds stop over at the Bay of Fundy in Canada. From there, the semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) crosses the Atlantic Ocean in a non-stop 5-day flight, whereas the semipalmated plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) flies primarily overland with stopovers for rest and feeding. From the hierarchical cluster analysis of multimodal morphometric features, followed by the discriminant analysis, the radial astrocytes were classified into two main morphotypes, Type I and Type II. After migration, we detected differential changes in the morphology of these cells that were more intense in Type I than in Type II in both species. We also compared the number of doublecortin (DCX)-immunolabeled neurons with morphometric features of radial glial-like α cells in the hippocampal V region between C. pusilla and C. semipalmatus before and after autumn migration. Compared to migrating birds, the convex hull surface area of radial astrocytes increased significantly in wintering individuals in both C. semipalmatus and C. pusilla. Although to a different extent we found a strong correlation between the increase in the convex hull surface area and the increase in the total number of DCX immunostained neurons in both species. Despite phylogenetic differences, it is of interest to note that the increased morphological complexity of radial astrocytes in C. semipalmatus coincides with the fact that during the migratory process over the continent, the visuospatial environment changes more intensely than that associated with migration over Atlantic. The migratory flight of the semipalmated plover, with stopovers for feeding and rest, vs. the non-stop flight of the semipalmated sandpiper may differentially affect radial astrocyte morphology and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Mendes de Lima
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Ediely Pereira Henrique
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Marcus Augusto de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Dario Carvalho Paulo
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva de Siqueira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Diego Almeida Miranda
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Mauro André Damasceno de Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Nara Gyzely de Morais Magalhães
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - David Francis Sherry
- Advanced Facility for Avian Research, Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
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6
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Vancamp P, Darras VM. From zebrafish to human: A comparative approach to elucidate the role of the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 during brain development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 265:219-229. [PMID: 29183795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) facilitates transmembrane transport of thyroid hormones (THs) ensuring their action on gene expression during vertebrate neurodevelopment. A loss of MCT8 in humans results in severe psychomotor deficits associated with the Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome (AHDS). However, where and when exactly a lack of MCT8 causes the neurological manifestations remains unclear because of the varying expression pattern of MCT8 between specific brain regions and cells. Here, we elaborate on the animal models that have been generated to elucidate the mechanisms underlying MCT8-deficient brain development. The absence of a clear neurological phenotype in Mct8 knockout mice made it clear that a single species would not suffice. The evolutionary conservation of TH action on neurodevelopment as well as the components regulating TH signalling however offers the opportunity to answer different aspects of MCT8 function in brain development using different vertebrate species. Moreover, the plethora of tools for genome editing available today facilitates gene silencing in these animals as well. Studies in the recently generated mct8-deficient zebrafish and Mct8/Oatp1c1 double knockout mice have put forward the current paradigm of impaired TH uptake at the level of the blood-brain barrier during peri- and postnatal development as being the main pathophysiological mechanism of AHDS. RNAi vector-based, cell-specific induction of MCT8 knockdown in the chicken embryo points to an additional function of MCT8 at the level of the neural progenitors during early brain development. Future studies including also additional in vivo models like Xenopus or in vitro approaches such as induced pluripotent stem cells will continue to help unravelling the exact role of MCT8 in developmental events. In the end, this multispecies approach will lead to a unifying thesis regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the neurological phenotype in AHDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vancamp
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle M Darras
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Deficiency of the Thyroid Hormone Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 in Neural Progenitors Impairs Cellular Processes Crucial for Early Corticogenesis. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11616-11631. [PMID: 29109240 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1917-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for establishing layered brain structures, a process called corticogenesis, by acting on transcriptional activity of numerous genes. In humans, deficiency of the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), involved in cellular uptake of THs before their action, results in severe neurological abnormalities, known as the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. While the brain lesions predominantly originate prenatally, it remains unclear how and when exactly MCT8 dysfunction affects cellular processes crucial for corticogenesis. We investigated this by inducing in vivo RNAi vector-based knockdown of MCT8 in neural progenitors of the chicken optic tectum, a layered structure that shares many developmental features with the mammalian cerebral cortex. MCT8 knockdown resulted in cellular hypoplasia and a thinner optic tectum. This could be traced back to disrupted cell-cycle kinetics and a premature shift to asymmetric cell divisions impairing progenitor cell pool expansion. Birth-dating experiments confirmed diminished neurogenesis in the MCT8-deficient cell population as well as aberrant migration of both early-born and late-born neuroblasts, which could be linked to reduced reelin signaling and disorganized radial glial cell fibers. Impaired neurogenesis resulted in a reduced number of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, but the latter additionally showed decreased differentiation. Moreover, an accompanying reduction in untransfected GABAergic neurons suggests hampered intercellular communication. These results indicate that MCT8-dependent TH uptake in the neural progenitors is essential for early events in corticogenesis, and help to understand the origin of the problems in cortical development and function in Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential to establish the stereotypical layered structure of the human forebrain during embryonic development. Before their action on gene expression, THs require cellular uptake, a process facilitated by the TH transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). We investigated how and when dysfunctional MCT8 can induce brain lesions associated with the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, characterized by psychomotor retardation. We used the layered chicken optic tectum to model cortical development, and induced MCT8 deficiency in neural progenitors. Impaired cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation resulted in an underdeveloped optic tectum and a severe reduction in nerve cells. Our data underline the need for MCT8-dependent TH uptake in neural progenitors and stress the importance of local TH action in early development.
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Lizio M, Deviatiiarov R, Nagai H, Galan L, Arner E, Itoh M, Lassmann T, Kasukawa T, Hasegawa A, Ros MA, Hayashizaki Y, Carninci P, Forrest ARR, Kawaji H, Gusev O, Sheng G. Systematic analysis of transcription start sites in avian development. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2002887. [PMID: 28873399 PMCID: PMC5600399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) in combination with single-molecule sequencing technology allows precision mapping of transcription start sites (TSSs) and genome-wide capture of promoter activities in differentiated and steady state cell populations. Much less is known about whether TSS profiling can characterize diverse and non-steady state cell populations, such as the approximately 400 transitory and heterogeneous cell types that arise during ontogeny of vertebrate animals. To gain such insight, we used the chick model and performed CAGE-based TSS analysis on embryonic samples covering the full 3-week developmental period. In total, 31,863 robust TSS peaks (>1 tag per million [TPM]) were mapped to the latest chicken genome assembly, of which 34% to 46% were active in any given developmental stage. ZENBU, a web-based, open-source platform, was used for interactive data exploration. TSSs of genes critical for lineage differentiation could be precisely mapped and their activities tracked throughout development, suggesting that non-steady state and heterogeneous cell populations are amenable to CAGE-based transcriptional analysis. Our study also uncovered a large set of extremely stable housekeeping TSSs and many novel stage-specific ones. We furthermore demonstrated that TSS mapping could expedite motif-based promoter analysis for regulatory modules associated with stage-specific and housekeeping genes. Finally, using Brachyury as an example, we provide evidence that precise TSS mapping in combination with Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-on technology enables us, for the first time, to efficiently target endogenous avian genes for transcriptional activation. Taken together, our results represent the first report of genome-wide TSS mapping in birds and the first systematic developmental TSS analysis in any amniote species (birds and mammals). By facilitating promoter-based molecular analysis and genetic manipulation, our work also underscores the value of avian models in unravelling the complex regulatory mechanism of cell lineage specification during amniote development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lizio
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Laura Galan
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN), Santander, Spain
| | - Erik Arner
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeya Kasukawa
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Hasegawa
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Marian A. Ros
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN), Santander, Spain
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Piero Carninci
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Alistair R. R. Forrest
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (GS); (HK); (OG)
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Innovation Center, Wako, Japan
- * E-mail: (GS); (HK); (OG)
| | - Guojun Sheng
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail: (GS); (HK); (OG)
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Thymosin β4 overexpression regulates neuron production and spatial distribution in the developing avian optic tectum. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:555-564. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Radhakrishnan B, Alwin Prem Anand A. Role of miRNA-9 in Brain Development. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 10:101-120. [PMID: 27721656 PMCID: PMC5053108 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s32843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs involved in gene regulation. The regulation is effected by either translational inhibition or transcriptional silencing. In vertebrates, the importance of miRNA in development was discovered from mice and zebrafish dicer knockouts. The miRNA-9 (miR-9) is one of the most highly expressed miRNAs in the early and adult vertebrate brain. It has diverse functions within the developing vertebrate brain. In this article, the role of miR-9 in the developing forebrain (telencephalon and diencephalon), midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord of vertebrate species is highlighted. In the forebrain, miR-9 is necessary for the proper development of dorsoventral telencephalon by targeting marker genes expressed in the telencephalon. It regulates proliferation in telencephalon by regulating Foxg1, Pax6, Gsh2, and Meis2 genes. The feedback loop regulation between miR-9 and Nr2e1/Tlx helps in neuronal migration and differentiation. Targeting Foxp1 and Foxp2, and Map1b by miR-9 regulates the radial migration of neurons and axonal development. In the organizers, miR-9 is inversely regulated by hairy1 and Fgf8 to maintain zona limitans interthalamica and midbrain–hindbrain boundary (MHB). It maintains the MHB by inhibiting Fgf signaling genes and is involved in the neurogenesis of the midbrain–hindbrain by regulating Her genes. In the hindbrain, miR-9 modulates progenitor proliferation and differentiation by regulating Her genes and Elav3. In the spinal cord, miR-9 modulates the regulation of Foxp1 and Onecut1 for motor neuron development. In the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, miR-9 is necessary for proper neuronal progenitor maintenance, neurogenesis, and differentiation. In vertebrate brain development, miR-9 is involved in regulating several region-specific genes in a spatiotemporal pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Alwin Prem Anand
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Celin AR, Rapacioli M, Gonzalez MA, Ballarin VL, de Plazas SF, López-Costa JJ, Flores V. Temporal-spatial correlation between angiogenesis and corticogenesis in the developing chick optic tectum. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116343. [PMID: 25633659 PMCID: PMC4310613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing chick optic tectum is a widely used model of corticogenesis and angiogenesis. Cell behaviors involved in corticogenesis and angiogenesis share several regulatory mechanisms. In this way the 3D organizations of both systems adapt to each other. The consensus about the temporally and spatially organized progression of the optic tectum corticogenesis contrasts with the discrepancies about the spatial organization of its vascular bed as a function of the time. In order to find out spatial and temporal correlations between corticogenesis and angiogenesis, several methodological approaches were applied to analyze the dynamic of angiogenesis in the developing chick optic tectum. The present paper shows that a typical sequence of developmental events characterizes the optic tectum angiogenesis. The first phase, formation of the primitive vascular bed, takes place during the early stages of the tectal corticogenesis along which the large efferent neurons appear and begin their early differentiation. The second phase, remodeling and elaboration of the definitive vascular bed, occurs during the increase in complexity associated to the elaboration of the local circuit networks. The present results show that, apart from the well-known influence of the dorsal-ventral and radial axes as reference systems for the spatial organization of optic tectum angiogenesis, the cephalic-caudal axis also exerts a significant asymmetric influence. The term cortico-angiogenesis to describe the entire process is justified by the fact that tight correlations are found between specific corticogenic and angiogenic events and they take place simultaneously at the same position along the cephalic-caudal and radial axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rodriguez Celin
- Interdisciplinary Group in Theoretical Biology, Dep. Biostructural Sciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Rapacioli
- Interdisciplinary Group in Theoretical Biology, Dep. Biostructural Sciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Azul Gonzalez
- Digital Image Processing Group, School of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Virginia Laura Ballarin
- Digital Image Processing Group, School of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sara Fiszer de Plazas
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurosciences “Prof. E. De Robertis”; Buenos Aires University-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José López-Costa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurosciences “Prof. E. De Robertis”; Buenos Aires University-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vladimir Flores
- Interdisciplinary Group in Theoretical Biology, Dep. Biostructural Sciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurosciences “Prof. E. De Robertis”; Buenos Aires University-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Li L, Zhang W, Chai X, Zhang Q, Xie J, Chen S, Zhao S. Neuronal maturation and laminar formation in the chicken optic tectum are accompanied by the transition of phosphorylated cofilin from cytoplasm to nucleus. Gene Expr Patterns 2014; 16:75-85. [PMID: 25290739 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laminar formation in the chicken optic tectum requires processes that coordinate proliferation, migration and differentiation of neurons, in which the dynamics of actin filaments are crucial. Cofilin plays pivotal roles in regulating actin arrangement via its phosphorylation on Ser3. Given poor studies on the profile of phosphorylated cofilin (p-cofilin) in the developing tectum, we investigated its expression pattern. As determined by immunofluorescence histochemistry and western blotting, p-cofilin could be detected in most tectal layers except for the neural epithelium. In addition, we found p-cofilin was expressed both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. During development, the expression of the cytoplasmic p-cofilin was decreasing and the nuclear p-cofilin was gradually increasing, but the total level of p-cofilin was down regulated. Double-labeling experiments revealed that the nuclear p-cofilin could be labeled in mature neurons but undetected in immature neurons. Furthermore, the number of cells co-stained with nuclear p-cofilin and NeuN was up-regulated during lamination and 60% cells were detected to be mature neurons that can express nuclear p-cofilin just at the first appearance of completed laminae. Our results demonstrate that the maturation of neurons is accompanied by this cytoplasm-to-nucleus transition of p-cofilin, and the nuclear p-cofilin can work effectively as a marker in the laminar formation of the chicken optic tectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuejun Chai
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiongfang Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China.
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