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Del Vecchio M, Bontemps B, Lance F, Gannerie A, Sipp F, Albertini D, Cassani CM, Chatard B, Dupin M, Lachaux JP. Introducing HiBoP: a Unity-based visualization software for large iEEG datasets. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 409:110179. [PMID: 38823595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial EEG data offer a unique spatio-temporal precision to investigate human brain functions. Large datasets have become recently accessible thanks to new iEEG data-sharing practices and tighter collaboration with clinicians. Yet, the complexity of such datasets poses new challenges, especially regarding the visualization and anatomical display of iEEG. NEW METHOD We introduce HiBoP, a multi-modal visualization software specifically designed for large groups of patients and multiple experiments. Its main features include the dynamic display of iEEG responses induced by tasks/stimulations, the definition of Regions and electrodes Of Interest, and the shift between group-level and individual-level 3D anatomo-functional data. RESULTS We provide a use-case with data from 36 patients to reveal the global cortical dynamics following tactile stimulation. We used HiBoP to visualize high-gamma responses [50-150 Hz], and define three major response components in primary somatosensory and premotor cortices and parietal operculum. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS(S) Several iEEG softwares are now publicly available with outstanding analysis features. Yet, most were developed in languages (Python/Matlab) chosen to facilitate the inclusion of new analysis by users, rather than the quality of the visualization. HiBoP represents a visualization tool developed with videogame standards (Unity/C#), and performs detailed anatomical analysis rapidly, across multiple conditions, patients, and modalities with an easy export toward third-party softwares. CONCLUSION HiBoP provides a user-friendly environment that greatly facilitates the exploration of large iEEG datasets, and helps users decipher subtle structure/function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Vecchio
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma 43125, Italy
| | - Benjamin Bontemps
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, EDUWELL team, INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Florian Lance
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, EDUWELL team, INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Adrien Gannerie
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, EDUWELL team, INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Florian Sipp
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, EDUWELL team, INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Davide Albertini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma 43125, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Cassani
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma 43125, Italy; Department of School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Benoit Chatard
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, EDUWELL team, INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Maryne Dupin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, EDUWELL team, INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lachaux
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, EDUWELL team, INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France.
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Storm JF, Klink PC, Aru J, Senn W, Goebel R, Pigorini A, Avanzini P, Vanduffel W, Roelfsema PR, Massimini M, Larkum ME, Pennartz CMA. An integrative, multiscale view on neural theories of consciousness. Neuron 2024; 112:1531-1552. [PMID: 38447578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
How is conscious experience related to material brain processes? A variety of theories aiming to answer this age-old question have emerged from the recent surge in consciousness research, and some are now hotly debated. Although most researchers have so far focused on the development and validation of their preferred theory in relative isolation, this article, written by a group of scientists representing different theories, takes an alternative approach. Noting that various theories often try to explain different aspects or mechanistic levels of consciousness, we argue that the theories do not necessarily contradict each other. Instead, several of them may converge on fundamental neuronal mechanisms and be partly compatible and complementary, so that multiple theories can simultaneously contribute to our understanding. Here, we consider unifying, integration-oriented approaches that have so far been largely neglected, seeking to combine valuable elements from various theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan F Storm
- The Brain Signaling Group, Division of Physiology, IMB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Domus Medica, Sognsvannsveien 9, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - P Christiaan Klink
- Department of Vision and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Visual Brain Therapy, Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France
| | - Jaan Aru
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Walter Senn
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Pigorini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Pietro Avanzini
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neuro and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven Medical School, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144, USA
| | - Pieter R Roelfsema
- Department of Vision and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Visual Brain Therapy, Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcello Massimini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20157, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan 20122, Italy; Azrieli Program in Brain, Mind and Consciousness, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Matthew E Larkum
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Neurocure Center for Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cyriel M A Pennartz
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands; Research Priority Program Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Clouette J, Potvin-Desrochers A, Seo F, Churchward-Venne TA, Paquette C. Reorganization of Brain Resting-state Functional Connectivity Following 14 Days of Elbow Immobilization in Young Females. Neuroscience 2024; 540:77-86. [PMID: 38246474 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Limb immobilization is known to cause significant decreases in muscle strength and muscle mass as early as two days following the onset of immobilization. However, the decline in strength surpasses the decline in muscle mass, suggesting that factors in addition to muscle loss, such as neuroplasticity, contribute to the decrease in force production. However, little is known regarding immobilization-induced neural changes, although sensorimotor regions seem to be the most affected. The present study aimed to determine whether brain functional organization is altered following 14 days of unilateral elbow immobilization. Functional organization was quantified using resting-state functional connectivity, a measure of the synchronicity of the spontaneous discharge of different brain regions at rest. Data was obtained from twelve healthy young females before and after completing the immobilization period. A seed-to-voxel analysis was performed using seeds associated with cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar sensorimotor regions of the brain. The results showed changes predominantly involving cerebellar connectivity. For example, the immobilization period caused a decrease in connectivity between the motor cerebellar region of the immobilized arm and the left temporal lobe, and an increase between the same cerebellar region and the supplementary motor area. Overall, changes in connectivity occurred in regions typically associated with error detection and motor learning, suggesting a potential functional reorganization of the brain within 14 days of elbow immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Clouette
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation, 6363 Hudson Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Potvin-Desrochers
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation, 6363 Hudson Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Freddie Seo
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tyler A Churchward-Venne
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Paquette
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation, 6363 Hudson Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Abarrategui B, Mariani V, Rizzi M, Berta L, Scarpa P, Zauli FM, Squarza S, Banfi P, d’Orio P, Cardinale F, Del Vecchio M, Caruana F, Avanzini P, Sartori I. Language lateralization mapping (reversibly) masked by non-dominant focal epilepsy: a case report. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1254779. [PMID: 37900727 PMCID: PMC10600519 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1254779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Language lateralization in patients with focal epilepsy frequently diverges from the left-lateralized pattern that prevails in healthy right-handed people, but the mechanistic explanations are still a matter of debate. Here, we debate the complex interaction between focal epilepsy, language lateralization, and functional neuroimaging techniques by introducing the case of a right-handed patient with unaware focal seizures preceded by aphasia, in whom video-EEG and PET examination suggested the presence of focal cortical dysplasia in the right superior temporal gyrus, despite a normal structural MRI. The functional MRI for language was inconclusive, and the neuropsychological evaluation showed mild deficits in language functions. A bilateral stereo-EEG was proposed confirming the right superior temporal gyrus origin of seizures, revealing how ictal aphasia emerged only once seizures propagated to the left superior temporal gyrus and confirming, by cortical mapping, the left lateralization of the posterior language region. Stereo-EEG-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulations of the (right) focal cortical dysplasia not only reduced seizure frequency but led to the normalization of the neuropsychological assessment and the "restoring" of a classical left-lateralized functional MRI pattern of language. This representative case demonstrates that epileptiform activity in the superior temporal gyrus can interfere with the functioning of the contralateral homologous cortex and its associated network. In the case of presurgical evaluation in patients with epilepsy, this interference effect must be carefully taken into consideration. The multimodal language lateralization assessment reported for this patient further suggests the sensitivity of different explorations to this interference effect. Finally, the neuropsychological and functional MRI changes after thermocoagulations provide unique cues on the network pathophysiology of focal cortical dysplasia and the role of diverse techniques in indexing language lateralization in complex scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Abarrategui
- “Claudio Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Valeria Mariani
- “Claudio Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Presidio San Carlo Borromeo, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Rizzi
- “Claudio Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Berta
- Department of Medical Physics, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Pina Scarpa
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, Department of Neuroscience, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Maria Zauli
- “Claudio Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Philosophy “P. Martinetti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Squarza
- Department of Neuroradiology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Banfi
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Sette Laghi Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio d’Orio
- “Claudio Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardinale
- “Claudio Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Del Vecchio
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
| | - Fausto Caruana
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
| | - Pietro Avanzini
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
| | - Ivana Sartori
- “Claudio Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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5
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Asman P, Pellizzer G, Tummala S, Tasnim I, Bastos D, Bhavsar S, Prabhu S, Ince NF. Long-latency gamma modulation after median nerve stimulation delineates the central sulcus and contrasts the states of consciousness. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 145:1-10. [PMID: 36370685 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the functional use of sub-band modulations in somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) to discriminate between the primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1) areas and contrast the states of consciousness. METHODS During routine intraoperative cortical mapping, SSEPs were recorded with electrocorticography (ECoG) grids from the sensorimotor cortex of eight patients in the anesthetized and awake states. We conducted a time-frequency analysis on the SSEP trace to extract the spectral modulations in each state and visualize their spatial topography. RESULTS We observed late gamma modulation (60-250 Hz) in all subjects approximately 50 ms after stimulation onset, extending up to 250 ms in each state. The late gamma activity enhancement was predominant in S1 in the awake state, where it discriminated S1 from M1 at a higher accuracy (92 %) than in the anesthetized state (accuracy = 70 %). CONCLUSIONS These results showed that sensorimotor mapping does not need to rely on only SSEP phase reversal. The long latency gamma modulation can serve as a biomarker for primary sensorimotor localization and monitor the level of consciousness in neurosurgical practice. SIGNIFICANCE While the intraoperative assessment of SSEP phase reversal with ECoG is widely employed to delineate the central sulcus, the median nerve stimulation-induced spatio-spectral patterns can distinctly localize it and distinguish between conscious states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscella Asman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pellizzer
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, and Departments of Neurology, and of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Sudhakar Tummala
- Department of Neurosurgery, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Israt Tasnim
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dhiego Bastos
- Department of Neurosurgery, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shreyas Bhavsar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sujit Prabhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nuri F Ince
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Del Vecchio M, De Marco D, Pigorini A, Fossataro C, Cassisi A, Avanzini P. Vision of haptics tunes the somatosensory threshold. Neurosci Lett 2022; 787:136823. [PMID: 35914589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between different sensory modalities represents a crucial issue in the neuroscience of consciousness: when the processing of one modality is deficient, the concomitant presentation of stimuli of other spared modalities may sustain the restoring of the damaged sensory functions. In this regard, visual enhancement of touch may represent a viable tool in the rehabilitation from tactile disorders, yet the specific visual features mostly modulating the somatosensory experience remain unsettled. In this study, healthy subjects underwent a tactile detection task during the observation of videos displaying different contents, including static gratings, meaningless motions, natural or point-lights reach-to-grasp-and-manipulate actions. Concurrently, near-threshold stimuli were delivered to the median nerve at different time-points. Subjective report was collected after each trial; the sensory detection rate was computed and compared across video conditions. Our results indicate that the specific presence of haptic contents (i.e., vision of manipulation), either fully displayed or implied by point-lights, magnifies tactile sensitivity. The notion that such stimuli prompt an aware tactile experience opens to novel rehabilitation approaches for tactile consciousness disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Vecchio
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma 43125, Italy.
| | - Doriana De Marco
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma 43125, Italy
| | - Andrea Pigorini
- University of Milan, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Milano 20157, Italy
| | - Carlotta Fossataro
- MANIBUS Laboratory, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Torino, Torino 10124, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cassisi
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma 43125, Italy; University of Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Parma 43124,Italy
| | - Pietro Avanzini
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma 43125, Italy
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Scano A, Mira RM, Gabbrielli G, Molteni F, Terekhov V. Whole-Body Adaptive Functional Electrical Stimulation Kinesitherapy Can Promote the Restoring of Physiological Muscle Synergies for Neurological Patients. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041443. [PMID: 35214345 PMCID: PMC8877830 DOI: 10.3390/s22041443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neurological diseases and traumas are major factors that may reduce motor functionality. Functional electrical stimulation is a technique that helps regain motor function, assisting patients in daily life activities and in rehabilitation practices. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a treatment based on whole-body Adaptive Functional Electrical Stimulation Kinesitherapy (AFESK™) with the use of muscle synergies, a well-established method for evaluation of motor coordination. The evaluation is performed on retrospectively gathered data of neurological patients executing whole-body movements before and after AFESK-based treatments. Methods: Twenty-four chronic neurologic patients and 9 healthy subjects were recruited in this study. The patient group was further subdivided in 3 subgroups: hemiplegic, tetraplegic and paraplegic. All patients underwent two acquisition sessions: before treatment and after a FES based rehabilitation treatment at the VIKTOR Physio Lab. Patients followed whole-body exercise protocols tailored to their needs. The control group of healthy subjects performed all movements in a single session and provided reference data for evaluating patients’ performance. sEMG was recorded on relevant muscles and muscle synergies were extracted for each patient’s EMG data and then compared to the ones extracted from the healthy volunteers. To evaluate the effect of the treatment, the motricity index was measured and patients’ extracted synergies were compared to the control group before and after treatment. Results: After the treatment, patients’ motricity index increased for many of the screened body segments. Muscle synergies were more similar to those of healthy people. Globally, the normalized synergy similarity in respect to the control group was 0.50 before the treatment and 0.60 after (p < 0.001), with improvements for each subgroup of patients. Conclusions: AFESK treatment induced favorable changes in muscle activation patterns in chronic neurologic patients, partially restoring muscular patterns similar to healthy people. The evaluation of the synergic relationships of muscle activity when performing test exercises allows to assess the results of rehabilitation measures in patients with impaired locomotor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Scano
- UOS STIIMA Lecco—Human-Centered, Smart & Safe, Living Environment, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Previati 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Robert Mihai Mira
- UOS STIIMA Lecco—Human-Centered, Smart & Safe, Living Environment, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Previati 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
| | | | - Franco Molteni
- Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center, Ospedale Valduce, Via N. Sauro 17, 23845 Costa Masnaga, Italy;
| | - Viktor Terekhov
- VIKTOR S.r.l.—Via Pasubio, 5, 24044 Dalmine (BG), Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (V.T.)
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8
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Del Vecchio M, Fossataro C, Zauli FM, Sartori I, Pigorini A, d'Orio P, Abarrategui B, Russo S, Mikulan EP, Caruana F, Rizzolatti G, Garbarini F, Avanzini P. Tonic somatosensory responses and deficits of tactile awareness converge in the parietal operculum. Brain 2021; 144:3779-3787. [PMID: 34633436 PMCID: PMC8719842 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although clinical neuroscience and the neuroscience of consciousness have long sought mechanistic explanations of tactile-awareness disorders, mechanistic insights are rare, mainly because of the difficulty of depicting the fine-grained neural dynamics underlying somatosensory processes. Here, we combined the stereo-EEG responses to somatosensory stimulation with the lesion mapping of patients with a tactile-awareness disorder, namely tactile extinction. Whereas stereo-EEG responses present different temporal patterns, including early/phasic and long-lasting/tonic activities, tactile-extinction lesion mapping co-localizes only with the latter. Overlaps are limited to the posterior part of the perisylvian regions, suggesting that tonic activities may play a role in sustaining tactile awareness. To assess this hypothesis further, we correlated the prevalence of tonic responses with the tactile-extinction lesion mapping, showing that they follow the same topographical gradient. Finally, in parallel with the notion that visuotactile stimulation improves detection in tactile-extinction patients, we demonstrated an enhancement of tonic responses to visuotactile stimuli, with a strong voxel-wise correlation with the lesion mapping. The combination of these results establishes tonic responses in the parietal operculum as the ideal neural correlate of tactile awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Vecchio
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlotta Fossataro
- MANIBUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Flavia Maria Zauli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche 'L. Sacco,' Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Ivana Sartori
- Centro per la Chirurgia dell'Epilessia 'Claudio Munari,' Ospedale Ca' Granda-Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Pigorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche 'L. Sacco,' Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio d'Orio
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 43125 Parma, Italy.,Centro per la Chirurgia dell'Epilessia 'Claudio Munari,' Ospedale Ca' Granda-Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy
| | - Belen Abarrategui
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche 'L. Sacco,' Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche 'L. Sacco,' Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Ezequiel Pablo Mikulan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche 'L. Sacco,' Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Fausto Caruana
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rizzolatti
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 43125 Parma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Garbarini
- MANIBUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Avanzini
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 43125 Parma, Italy
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Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist Mafedine on Brain Electrical Activity in Rats after Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11080981. [PMID: 34439602 PMCID: PMC8392538 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for and development of new neuroprotective (or cerebroprotective) drugs, as well as suitable methods for their preclinical efficacy evaluation, are priorities for current biomedical research. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, such as mafedine and dexmedetomidine, are a highly appealing group of drugs capable of reducing neurological deficits which result from brain trauma and vascular events in both experimental animals and human patients. Thus, our aim was to assess the effects of mafedine and dexmedetomidine on the brain’s electrical activity in a controlled cortical-impact model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. The functional status of the animals was assessed by electrocorticography (ECoG), using ECoG electrodes which were chronically implanted in different cortical regions. The administration of intraperitoneal mafedine sodium at 2.5 mg∙kg−1 at 1 h after TBI induction, and daily for the following 6 days, restored interhemispheric connectivity in remote brain regions and intrahemispheric connections within the unaffected hemisphere at post-TBI day 7. Animals that had received mafedine sodium also demonstrated an improvement in cortical responses to photic and somatosensory stimulation. Dexmedetomidine at 25 μg∙kg−1 did not affect the brain’s electrical activity in brain-injured rats. Our results confirm the previously described neuroprotective effects of mafedine sodium and suggest that ECoG registration and analysis are a viable method evaluating drug efficacy in experimental animal models of TBI.
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10
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Song Y, Su Q, Yang Q, Zhao R, Yin G, Qin W, Iannetti GD, Yu C, Liang M. Feedforward and feedback pathways of nociceptive and tactile processing in human somatosensory system: A study of dynamic causal modeling of fMRI data. Neuroimage 2021; 234:117957. [PMID: 33744457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptive and tactile information is processed in the somatosensory system via reciprocal (i.e., feedforward and feedback) projections between the thalamus, the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices. The exact hierarchy of nociceptive and tactile information processing within this 'thalamus-S1-S2' network and whether the processing hierarchy differs between the two somatosensory submodalities remains unclear. In particular, two questions related to the ascending and descending pathways have not been addressed. For the ascending pathways, whether tactile or nociceptive information is processed in parallel (i.e., 'thalamus-S1' and 'thalamus-S2') or in serial (i.e., 'thalamus-S1-S2') remains controversial. For the descending pathways, how corticothalamic feedback regulates nociceptive and tactile processing also remains elusive. Here, we aimed to investigate the hierarchical organization for the processing of nociceptive and tactile information in the 'thalamus-S1-S2' network using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) combined with high-temporal-resolution fMRI. We found that, for both nociceptive and tactile information processing, both S1 and S2 received inputs from thalamus, indicating a parallel structure of ascending pathways for nociceptive and tactile information processing. Furthermore, we observed distinct corticothalamic feedback regulations from S1 and S2, showing that S1 generally exerts inhibitory feedback regulation independent of external stimulation whereas S2 provides additional inhibition to the thalamic activity during nociceptive and tactile information processing in humans. These findings revealed that nociceptive and tactile information processing have similar hierarchical organization within the somatosensory system in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Song
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Su
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for China, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guotao Yin
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for China, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gian Domenico Iannetti
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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11
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Del Vecchio M, Avanzini P. La Recherche du Temps Perdu: Timing in Somatosensation. Commentary: Somatosensation in the Brain: A Theoretical Re-evaluation and a New Model. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:597755. [PMID: 33281569 PMCID: PMC7690214 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.597755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Vecchio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Pietro Avanzini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Parma, Italy
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12
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Cléry JC, Hori Y, Schaeffer DJ, Gati JS, Pruszynski JA, Everling S. Whole brain mapping of somatosensory responses in awake marmosets investigated with ultra-high-field fMRI. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1900-1913. [PMID: 33112698 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00480.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small-bodied New World primate that is becoming an important model to study brain functions. Despite several studies exploring the somatosensory system of marmosets, all results have come from anesthetized animals using invasive techniques and postmortem analyses. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility for getting high-quality and reproducible somatosensory mapping in awake marmosets with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We acquired fMRI sequences in four animals, while they received tactile stimulation (via air-puffs), delivered to the face, arm, or leg. We found a topographic body representation with the leg representation in the most medial part, the face representation in the most lateral part, and the arm representation between leg and face representation within areas 3a, 3b, and 1/2. A similar sequence from leg to face from caudal to rostral sites was identified in areas S2 and PV. By generating functional connectivity maps of seeds defined in the primary and second somatosensory regions, we identified two clusters of tactile representation within the posterior and midcingulate cortex. However, unlike humans and macaques, no clear somatotopic maps were observed. At the subcortical level, we found a somatotopic body representation in the thalamus and, for the first time in marmosets, in the putamen. These maps have similar organizations, as those previously found in Old World macaque monkeys and humans, suggesting that these subcortical somatotopic organizations were already established before Old and New World primates diverged. Our results show the first whole brain mapping of somatosensory responses acquired in a noninvasive way in awake marmosets.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used somatosensory stimulation combined with functional MRI (fMRI) in awake marmosets to reveal the topographic body representation in areas S1, S2, thalamus, and putamen. We showed the existence of a body representation organization within the thalamus and the cingulate cortex by computing functional connectivity maps from seeds defined in S1/S2, using resting-state fMRI data. This noninvasive approach will be essential for chronic studies by guiding invasive recording and manipulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine C Cléry
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Hori
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Schaeffer
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph S Gati
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Andrew Pruszynski
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Everling
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Ter Wal M, Platonov A, Cardellicchio P, Pelliccia V, LoRusso G, Sartori I, Avanzini P, Orban GA, Tiesinga PHE. Human stereoEEG recordings reveal network dynamics of decision-making in a rule-switching task. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3075. [PMID: 32555174 PMCID: PMC7300004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16854-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The processing steps that lead up to a decision, i.e., the transformation of sensory evidence into motor output, are not fully understood. Here, we combine stereoEEG recordings from the human cortex, with single-lead and time-resolved decoding, using a wide range of temporal frequencies, to characterize decision processing during a rule-switching task. Our data reveal the contribution of rostral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) regions, in particular PFt, and the parietal opercular regions in decision processing and demonstrate that the network representing the decision is common to both task rules. We reconstruct the sequence in which regions engage in decision processing on single trials, thereby providing a detailed picture of the network dynamics involved in decision-making. The reconstructed timeline suggests that the supramarginal gyrus in IPL links decision regions in prefrontal cortex with premotor regions, where the motor plan for the response is elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Ter Wal
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Artem Platonov
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39E, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cardellicchio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39E, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Veronica Pelliccia
- Claudio Munari Center for Epilepsy Surgery, Niguarda Hospital, Ospedale Ca'Granda Niguarda, Piazza dell'Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio LoRusso
- Claudio Munari Center for Epilepsy Surgery, Niguarda Hospital, Ospedale Ca'Granda Niguarda, Piazza dell'Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Sartori
- Claudio Munari Center for Epilepsy Surgery, Niguarda Hospital, Ospedale Ca'Granda Niguarda, Piazza dell'Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Avanzini
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, via Volturno 39E, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Guy A Orban
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39E, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Paul H E Tiesinga
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Leikos S, Tokariev A, Koolen N, Nevalainen P, Vanhatalo S. Cortical responses to tactile stimuli in preterm infants. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:1059-1073. [PMID: 31679163 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The conventional assessment of preterm somatosensory functions using averaged cortical responses to electrical stimulation ignores the characteristic components of preterm somatosensory evoked responses (SERs). Our study aimed to systematically evaluate the occurrence and development of SERs after tactile stimulus in preterm infants. We analysed SERs performed during 45 electroencephalograms (EEGs) from 29 infants at the mean post-menstrual age of 30.7 weeks. Altogether 2,087 SERs were identified visually at single-trial level from unfiltered signals capturing also their slowest components. We observed salient SERs with a high-amplitude slow component at a high success rate after hand (95%) and foot (83%) stimuli. There was a clear developmental change in both the slow wave and the higher-frequency components of the SERs. Infants with intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH; eleven infants) had initially normal SERs, but those with bilateral IVH later showed a developmental decrease in the ipsilateral SER occurrence after 30 weeks of post-menstrual age. Our study shows that tactile stimulus applied at bedside elicits salient SERs with a large slow component and an overriding fast oscillation, which are specific to the preterm period. Prior experimental research indicates that such SERs allow studying both subplate and cortical functions. Our present findings further suggest that they might offer a window to the emergence of neurodevelopmental sequelae after major structural brain lesions and, hence, an additional tool for both research and clinical neurophysiological evaluation of infants before term age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Leikos
- Children's Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anton Tokariev
- Children's Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ninah Koolen
- Children's Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Nevalainen
- Children's Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- Children's Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Children's Hospital, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Carson RG, Buick AR. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation-promoted plasticity of the human brain. J Physiol 2019; 599:2375-2399. [PMID: 31495924 DOI: 10.1113/jp278298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to paretic limbs has demonstrated utility for motor rehabilitation following brain injury. When NMES is delivered to a mixed peripheral nerve, typically both efferent and afferent fibres are recruited. Muscle contractions brought about by the excitation of motor neurons are often used to compensate for disability by assisting actions such as the formation of hand aperture, or by preventing others including foot drop. In this context, exogenous stimulation provides a direct substitute for endogenous neural drive. The goal of the present narrative review is to describe the means through which NMES may also promote sustained adaptations within central motor pathways, leading ultimately to increases in (intrinsic) functional capacity. There is an obvious practical motivation, in that detailed knowledge concerning the mechanisms of adaptation has the potential to inform neurorehabilitation practice. In addition, responses to NMES provide a means of studying CNS plasticity at a systems level in humans. We summarize the fundamental aspects of NMES, focusing on the forms that are employed most commonly in clinical and experimental practice. Specific attention is devoted to adjuvant techniques that further promote adaptive responses to NMES thereby offering the prospect of increased therapeutic potential. The emergent theme is that an association with centrally initiated neural activity, whether this is generated in the context of NMES triggered by efferent drive or via indirect methods such as mental imagery, may in some circumstances promote the physiological changes that can be induced through peripheral electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alison R Buick
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
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