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Çavdar S, Köse B, Altınöz D, Özkan M, Güneş YC, Algın O. The brainstem connections of the supplementary motor area and its relations to the corticospinal tract: Experimental rat and human 3-tesla tractography study. Neurosci Lett 2023; 798:137099. [PMID: 36720343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although the supplementary motor area (SMA) is a large region on the medial surface of the frontal lobe of the brain, little is known about its function. The current study uses 3-tesla high-resolution diffusion tensor tractography (DTI) in healthy individuals and biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) and fluoro-gold (FG) tracer in rats to demonstrate the afferent and efferent connections of the SMA with brainstem structures. It also aims to clarify how SMA fibers relate to the corticospinal tract (CST). The BDA (n = 6) and FG (n = 8) tracers were pressure-injected into the SMA of 14 Wistar albino rats. Light and fluorescence microscopy was used to capture images of the FG and BDA-labeled cells and axons. High-resolution 3-tesla DTI data were acquired from the Human Connectome Project database. Tracts between the SMA and brainstem structures were analyzed using diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) studio software. The FG injections into the SMA showed afferent projections from mesencephalic (periaqueductal gray matter, substantia nigra pars reticulata, ventral tegmental area, inferior colliculus, mesencephalic reticular, tegmental, and raphe nuclei), pontine (locus coeruleus, pontine reticular and vestibular nuclei), and medullary (area postrema, parabrachial, and medullary reticular nuclei) structures. The anterograde tracer BDA injections into the SMA showed efferent connections with mesencephalic (periaqueductal gray, substantia nigra pars compacta, dorsal raphe, trigeminal motor mesencephalic, and mesencephalic reticular nuclei), pontine (locus coeruleus, nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, vestibular, cochlear, and pontine reticular nuclei), and medullary (area postrema, medullary reticular, olivary, and parabrachial nuclei) structures. The SMA had efferent but no afferent connections with the cerebellar nuclei. The DTI results in healthy human subjects highly corresponded with the experimental results. Further, the DTI results showed a distinct bundle that descended to spinal levels closely related to the CST. Understanding SMA's afferent and efferent connections will enrich our knowledge of its contribution to various brainstem networks and may provide new perspectives for understanding its motor and non-motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Çavdar
- Department of Anatomy, Koç University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Köse
- Department of Anatomy, Koç University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Damlasu Altınöz
- Department of Anatomy, Koç University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mazhar Özkan
- Department of Anatomy, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Celal Güneş
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Radiology, Ankara Atatürk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oktay Algın
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Atatürk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; National MR Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Çavdar S, Güneş YC, Algın O. Connections of the Dentate Nucleus with the Amygdala: Experimental Rat and Human 3-Tesla Tractography Study. Brain Connect 2022; 12:905-913. [PMID: 35587596 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of the cerebellum in motor function is well recognized. However, its role in higher nervous system activities such as cognition, emotion, endocrine, and autonomic activities is less known. The present study aims to show direct dento-amygdala projections using a biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) tracer in rats and 3-tesla (T) high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based tractography in humans. Materials and Methods: The BDA tracer was pressure injected into the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum of Wistar albino rats. Labeled cells and axons were documented. High-resolution 3-T tractography data were obtained from the Human Connectome Project database. Dento-amygdala tracts were analyzed using diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) Studio software. Results: The experimental study showed bilateral projections between the dentate nucleus and the central and basal nuclei and ipsilateral projections between lateral nuclei of the amygdala. The fibers from the dentate nucleus reached the amygdala through the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP), and the contralateral fibers crossed in the decussation of SCP at the midbrain. The dento-amygdala results of the experimental study corresponded with the 3-T tractography findings on humans. Additionally, DTI findings showed that most of the dentate fibers passed through the hypothalamus before reaching the amygdala, and the amygdalae of the two sides are connected through the anterior commissure. Discussion: The 3-T DTI data of adult humans showed both direct dento-amygdala and indirect dento-hypothalamo-amygdala projections. Thus, this may indicate cerebellar contribution in modulation of emotional and autonomic functions. Furthermore, this can explain the emotional and cognitive deficits that occur in patients with cerebellar or SCP damage. Impact statement The present study showed direct dento-amygdala connections in the rat brain and human brain, which may provide evidence for cerebellar contribution in modulation of emotional and autonomic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Çavdar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Celal Güneş
- Department of Radiology, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Radiology, Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oktay Algın
- Department of Radiology, Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.,National MR Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Radiology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Alharbi S, Bawazir M, Altweijri I. A case of postoperative cerebellar mutism with hyperphagia in a child following gross total resection of medulloblastoma occupying the cerebellar vermis. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:2189-2198. [PMID: 35536349 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebellar mutism syndrome is a well-known complication following posterior fossa tumor resection. Its incidence is markedly increased among patients with medulloblastoma. Patients typically present with an inability to communicate verbally due to disruption of the dentato-thalamocortical pathway. CASE DESCRIPTION We present a unique case of cerebellar mutism in a three-year-old girl who underwent gross total resection of medulloblastoma occupying the cerebellar vermis. In addition to mutism, the patient developed hyperphagia. DISCUSSION This case report aims to contribute to current understanding of the role of cerebello-hypothalamic connections in cerebellar mutism and their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Alharbi
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Rd, Al Mathar Ash Shamali, Riyadh, Riyadh Province, 11564, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Minyal Bawazir
- College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Alshaikh Hassan A. Alshaikh St., Riyadh, Riyadh Province, 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikhlass Altweijri
- Surgery, King Saud University Medical City, Alshaikh Hassan A. Alshaikh St., Riyadh, Riyadh Province, 12372, Saudi Arabia
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De Benedictis A, Rossi-Espagnet MC, de Palma L, Carai A, Marras CE. Networking of the Human Cerebellum: From Anatomo-Functional Development to Neurosurgical Implications. Front Neurol 2022; 13:806298. [PMID: 35185765 PMCID: PMC8854219 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.806298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, the cerebellum was considered to be substantially involved in sensory-motor coordination. However, a growing number of neuroanatomical, neuroimaging, clinical and lesion studies have now provided converging evidence on the implication of the cerebellum in a variety of cognitive, affective, social, and behavioral processes as well. These findings suggest a complex anatomo-functional organization of the cerebellum, involving a dense network of cortical territories and reciprocal connections with many supra-tentorial association areas. The final architecture of cerebellar networks results from a complex, highly protracted, and continuous development from childhood to adulthood, leading to integration between short-distance connections and long-range extra-cerebellar circuits. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the anatomo-functional organization of the cerebellar connectome. We will focus on the maturation process of afferent and efferent neuronal circuitry, and the involvement of these networks in different aspects of neurocognitive processing. The final section will be devoted to identifying possible implications of this knowledge in neurosurgical practice, especially in the case of posterior fossa tumor resection, and to discuss reliable strategies to improve the quality of approaches while reducing postsurgical morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Benedictis
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro De Benedictis
| | - Maria Camilla Rossi-Espagnet
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca de Palma
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Efisio Marras
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
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Roger C, Lasbleiz A, Guye M, Dutour A, Gaborit B, Ranjeva JP. The Role of the Human Hypothalamus in Food Intake Networks: An MRI Perspective. Front Nutr 2022; 8:760914. [PMID: 35047539 PMCID: PMC8762294 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.760914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamus (HT), this small structure often perceived through the prism of neuroimaging as morphologically and functionally homogeneous, plays a key role in the primitive act of feeding. The current paper aims at reviewing the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the study of the role of the HT in food intake regulation. It focuses on the different MRI techniques that have been used to describe structurally and functionally the Human HT. The latest advances in HT parcellation as well as perspectives in this field are presented. The value of MRI in the study of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleen Roger
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique (CEMEREM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Universitaire de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Adèle Lasbleiz
- Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique (CEMEREM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Universitaire de la Timone, Marseille, France.,Département d'Endocrinologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Guye
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique (CEMEREM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Universitaire de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Ranjeva
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique (CEMEREM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Universitaire de la Timone, Marseille, France
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Surgent O, Dean DC, Alexander AL, Dadalko OI, Guerrero-Gonzalez J, Taylor D, Skaletski E, Travers BG. Neurobiological and behavioural outcomes of biofeedback-based training in autism: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab112. [PMID: 34250479 PMCID: PMC8254423 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain has demonstrated the power to structurally change as a result of movement-based interventions. However, it is unclear whether these structural brain changes differ in autistic individuals compared to non-autistic individuals. The purpose of the present study was to pilot a randomized controlled trial to investigate brain, balance, autism symptom severity and daily living skill changes that result from a biofeedback-based balance intervention in autistic adolescents (13-17 years old). Thirty-four autistic participants and 28 age-matched non-autistic participants underwent diagnostic testing and pre-training assessment (neuroimaging, cognitive, autism symptom severity and motor assessments) and were then randomly assigned to 6 weeks of a balance-training intervention or a sedentary-control condition. After the 6 weeks, neuroimaging, symptom severity and motor assessments were repeated. Results found that both the autistic and non-autistic participants demonstrated similar and significant increases in balance times with training. Furthermore, individuals in the balance-training condition showed significantly greater improvements in postural sway and reductions in autism symptom severity compared to individuals in the control condition. Daily living scores did not change with training, nor did we observe hypothesized changes to the microstructural properties of the corticospinal tract. However, follow-up voxel-based analyses found a wide range of balance-related structures that showed changes across the brain. Many of these brain changes were specific to the autistic participants compared to the non-autistic participants, suggesting distinct structural neuroplasticity in response to balance training in autistic participants. Altogether, these findings suggest that biofeedback-based balance training may target postural stability challenges, reduce core autism symptoms and influence neurobiological change. Future research is encouraged to examine the superior cerebellar peduncle in response to balance training and symptom severity changes in autistic individuals, as the current study produced overlapping findings in this brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Surgent
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew L Alexander
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Olga I Dadalko
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jose Guerrero-Gonzalez
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Desiree Taylor
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Occupational Therapy Program in Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Emily Skaletski
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Occupational Therapy Program in Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brittany G Travers
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Occupational Therapy Program in Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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