1
|
Dotson NM, Davis ZW, Salisbury JM, Palmer SE, Cavanagh P, Reynolds JH. The double-drift illusion biases the marmoset oculomotor system. J Vis 2023; 23:4. [PMID: 37676672 PMCID: PMC10494983 DOI: 10.1167/jov.23.10.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The double-drift illusion has two unique characteristics: The error between the perceived and physical position of the stimulus grows over time, and saccades to the moving target land much closer to the physical than the perceived location. These results suggest that the perceptual and saccade targeting systems integrate visual information over different time scales. Functional imaging studies in humans have revealed several potential cortical areas of interest, including the prefrontal cortex. However, we currently lack an animal model to study the neural mechanisms of location perception that underlie the double-drift illusion. To fill this gap, we trained two marmoset monkeys to fixate and then saccade to the double-drift stimulus. In line with human observers for radial double-drift trajectories with fast internal motion, we find that saccade endpoints show a significant bias that is, nevertheless, smaller than the bias seen in human perceptual reports. This bias is modulated by changes in the external and internal speeds of the stimulus. These results demonstrate that the saccade targeting system of the marmoset monkey is influenced by the double-drift illusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary W Davis
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jared M Salisbury
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie E Palmer
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - John H Reynolds
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saghravanian SJ, Asadollahi A. Acclimatizing and training freely viewing marmosets for behavioral and electrophysiological experiments in oculomotor tasks. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15594. [PMID: 36754454 PMCID: PMC9908434 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The marmoset is a small-bodied primate with behavioral capacities and brain structures comparable to macaque monkeys and humans. Its amenability to modern biotechnological techniques like optogenetics, chemogenetics, and generation of transgenic primates have attracted neuroscientists' attention to use it as a model in neuroscience. In the past decade, several laboratories have been developing and refining tools and techniques for performing behavioral and electrophysiological experiments in this new model. In this regard, we developed a protocol to acclimate the marmoset to sit calmly in a primate chair; a method to calibrate the eye-tracking system while marmosets were freely viewing the screen; and a procedure to map motor field of neurons in the SC in freely viewing marmosets. Using a squeeze-walled transfer box, the animals were acclimatized, and chair trained in less than 4 weeks, much shorter than what other studies reported. Using salient stimuli allowed quick and accurate calibration of the eye-tracking system in untrained freely viewing marmosets. Applying reverse correlation to spiking activity and saccadic eye movements, we were able to map motor field of SC neurons in freely viewing marmosets. These refinements shortened the acclimation period, most likely reduced stress to the subjects, and allowed more efficient eye calibration and motor field mapping in freely viewing marmosets. With a penetration angle of 38 degrees, all 16 channels of the electrode array, that is, all recorded neurons across SC layers, had overlapping visual receptive and motor fields, indicating perpendicular penetration to the SC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Asadollahi
- Visuo‐Motor Systems Laboratory, Department of BiologyFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
- Present address:
Washington National Primate Research Center, and Department of Biological StructuresUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muta K, Hata J, Kawaguchi N, Haga Y, Yoshimaru D, Hagiya K, Kaneko T, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, Komaki Y, Seki F, Okano HJ, Okano H. Effect of sedatives or anesthetics on the measurement of resting brain function in common marmosets. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5148-5162. [PMID: 36222604 PMCID: PMC10151911 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common marmosets are promising laboratory animals for the study of higher brain functions. Although there are many opportunities to use sedatives and anesthetics in resting brain function measurements in marmosets, their effects on the resting-state network remain unclear. In this study, the effects of sedatives or anesthetics such as midazolam, dexmedetomidine, co-administration of isoflurane and dexmedetomidine, propofol, alfaxalone, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on the resting brain function in common marmosets were evaluated using independent component analysis, dual regression analysis, and graph-theoretic analysis; and the sedatives or anesthetics suitable for the evaluation of resting brain function were investigated. The results show that network preservation tendency under light sedative with midazolam and dexmedetomidine is similar regardless of the type of target receptor. Moreover, alfaxalone, isoflurane, and sevoflurane have similar effects on resting state brain function, but only propofol exhibits different tendencies, as resting brain function is more preserved than it is following the administration of the other anesthetics. Co-administration of isoflurane and dexmedetomidine shows middle effect between sedatives and anesthetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Muta
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Junichi Hata
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Yawara Haga
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshimaru
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kei Hagiya
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kaneko
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Systems Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki
- Center for Model Human Evolution Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Yuji Komaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Fumiko Seki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Hirotaka James Okano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Li S, Liu M, Xu X, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Zhang W. Impaired brain networks functional connectivity after acute mild hypoxia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30485. [PMID: 36197178 PMCID: PMC9509199 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the changes in brain networks functional connectivity of pilots exposed to simulated hypoxia using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A total of 35 healthy male pilots exposed to 14.5% oxygen concentration (corresponding to an altitude of 3000 m) underwent resting-state fMRI scans. The independent component analysis (ICA) approach was used to analyze changes in the resting-state brain networks functional connectivity of pilots after hypoxic exposure, and 9 common components in brain functional networks were identified. In the functional connections that showed significant group differences, linear regression was used to examine the association between functional connectivity and clinical characteristics. The brain networks functional connectivity after hypoxia exposure decreased significantly, including the left frontoparietal network and visual network 1-area, left frontoparietal network and visual network 2-area, right frontoparietal network and visual network 2-area, dorsal attention network and ventral attention network, dorsal attention network and auditory network, and ventral attention network and visual network 1-area. We found no correlation between the altered functional connectivity and arterial oxygen saturation level. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment in pilots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shujian Li
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianrong Xu
- Department of Air Duty, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * Correspondence: Jingliang Cheng, Department of MRI, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Construction Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China (e-mail: )
| | - Wanshi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Samandra R, Haque ZZ, Rosa MGP, Mansouri FA. The marmoset as a model for investigating the neural basis of social cognition in health and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104692. [PMID: 35569579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Social-cognitive processes facilitate the use of environmental cues to understand others, and to be understood by others. Animal models provide vital insights into the neural underpinning of social behaviours. To understand social cognition at even deeper behavioural, cognitive, neural, and molecular levels, we need to develop more representative study models, which allow testing of novel hypotheses using human-relevant cognitive tasks. Due to their cooperative breeding system and relatively small size, common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) offer a promising translational model for such endeavours. In addition to having social behavioural patterns and group dynamics analogous to those of humans, marmosets have cortical brain areas relevant for the mechanistic analysis of human social cognition, albeit in simplified form. Thus, they are likely suitable animal models for deciphering the physiological processes, connectivity and molecular mechanisms supporting advanced cognitive functions. Here, we review findings emerging from marmoset social and behavioural studies, which have already provided significant insights into executive, motivational, social, and emotional dysfunction associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranshikha Samandra
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Zakia Z Haque
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Farshad Alizadeh Mansouri
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Takemura H, Rosa MGP. Understanding structure-function relationships in the mammalian visual system: part one. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2741-2744. [PMID: 34652532 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Takemura
- Division of Sensory and Cognitive Brain Mapping, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University of Advanced Studies), Hayama, Japan.
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|