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Zhou L, Liang W, He Y, Duan Y, Rhodes RE, Lippke S, Baker JS, Liang Y, Han L, Liu WX, Liu Q. A school-family blended multi-component physical activity program for Fundamental Motor Skills Promotion Program for Obese Children (FMSPPOC): protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:369. [PMID: 36803486 PMCID: PMC9942318 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fundamental motor skills (FMSs) are crucial for children's health and comprehensive development. Obese children often encounter a considerable challenge in the development of FMSs. School-family blended PA programs are considered a potentially effective approach to improve FMSs and health-related outcomes among obese children, however, empirical evidence is still limited. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a 24-week school-family blended multi-component PA intervention program for promoting FMSs and health among Chinese obese children, namely the Fundamental Motor Skills Promotion Program for Obese Children (FMSPPOC) employing behavioral change techniques (BCTs) and building on the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework as well as using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework for improving and evaluating the program. METHODS Using a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT), 168 Chinese obese children (8-12 years) from 24 classes of six primary schools will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of two groups by a cluster randomization, including a 24-week FMSPPOC intervention group and a non-treatment waiting-list control group. The FMSPPOC program includes a 12-week initiation phase and a 12-week maintenance phase. School-based PA training sessions (2 sessions/week, 90 min each session) and family-based PA assignments (at least three times per week, 30 min each time) will be implemented in the initiation phase (semester time), while three 60-min offline workshops and three 60-min online webinars will be conducted in the maintenance phase (summer holiday). The implementation evaluation will be undertaken according to the RE-AIM framework. For intervention effectiveness evaluation, primary outcome (FMSs: gross motor skills, manual dexterity and balance) and secondary outcomes (health behaviors, physical fitness, perceived motor competence, perceived well-being, M-PAC components, anthropometric and body composition measures) will be collected at four time-points: at baseline, 12-week mid-intervention, 24-week post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up occasions. DISCUSSION The FMSPPOC program will provide new insights into the design, implementation, and evaluation of FMSs promotion among obese children. The research findings will also supplement empirical evidence, understanding of potential mechanisms, and practical experience for future research, health services, and policymaking. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; ChiCTR2200066143; 25 Nov 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- grid.256884.50000 0004 0605 1239School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China ,Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Hebei, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China ,grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health; Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuxiu He
- School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Hebei, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanping Duan
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health; Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- grid.143640.40000 0004 1936 9465School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Sonia Lippke
- grid.7704.40000 0001 2297 4381Constructor University Bremen (formerly known as Jacobs University Bremen), Bremen, Germany
| | - Julien S. Baker
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health; Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Liang
- grid.256884.50000 0004 0605 1239School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China ,Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Hebei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Han
- Shenzhen Sports School, Shenzhen, China ,grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Wan Xin Liu
- grid.256884.50000 0004 0605 1239School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China ,Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Hebei, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- grid.256884.50000 0004 0605 1239School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China ,Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Exercise Bioinformation of Hebei Province, Hebei, Wuhan, China
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Park Y, Kim J. Development and Effect of Child Obesity Management Program by Applied Nudge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12692. [PMID: 36231990 PMCID: PMC9566519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child obesity rates are increasing worldwide. In Korea, the proportion of overweight students has steadily increased from 21.8% in 2015 to 25.8% in 2019. Childhood obesity causes mental problems, such as depression and social phobia, due to mental stress, feelings of inferiority, and low self-esteem. METHODS This experimental study aimed to verify the effect of the child obesity management program on body changes (height, weight, obesity degree, body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage), eating habits, exercise habits, obesity knowledge, and social support. This child obesity management program applies the nudge technique based on an ecological model and induces autonomous weight management through environmental control. RESULTS As results of this study, the child obesity management program using the nudge technique developed in this study improved the height (t = -5.19, p < 0.001), obesity degree (z = -3.28, p = 0.001), BMI (z = -3.22, p = 0.001), exercise habits (t = -2.09, p = 0.040), and obesity knowledge of obese children (z = -2.99, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS This multidimensional intervention improved obesity by inducing and sustaining behavioral changes in obese children. Therefore, applying the nudge techniques and multidimensional intervention methods based on ecological model are proposed to increase the effectiveness of the health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Park
- Department of Nursing, Shinsung University, Dangjin-si 31801, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Nursing, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
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Li R, Sun X, Yan S, Zhao Y, Badurova J, Yang L, Fan H. Recovery of the Foot Loading Patterns of Children with Excess Weight after Losing Weight: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9050595. [PMID: 35626770 PMCID: PMC9139758 DOI: 10.3390/children9050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that children with excess weight should lose weight to reduce plantar pressure and the risk of related injuries. However, whether the foot loading patterns of these children could return to normal after weight loss is unclear. A total of 147 children participated in this longitudinal study; 51 were selected for analysis—13 children who were overweight and 1 child with obesity reduced their weight to normal levels and 37 children maintained normal weights (control group). The plantar pressure parameters, including peak pressure, maximum force, and force-time integral were recorded using a Footscan plate system. Comparisons of plantar parameters and load transferences revealed that weight loss could effectively decrease the differences in foot loading distributions between the weight-reduced and normal-weight groups. After losing weight, the foot loading patterns of the children who were overweight recovered to the level of normal-weight children, and that of the child with obesity failed to reach the normal level. Losing weight is suggested for children who are overweight/obese to recover their foot loading patterns, to avoid further adverse influences on the foot/functioning caused by excessive weight-bearing. Further research exploring the findings of a cohort of children with obesity—who reduce their weight to normal levels—is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyi Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (R.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 256699, China;
| | - Shiyang Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (R.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Yihong Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (R.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Jitka Badurova
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic;
| | - Luming Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (R.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18628117800
| | - Haojun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
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Kasović M, Štefan L, Piler P, Zvonar M. Longitudinal associations between sport participation and fat mass with body posture in children: A 5-year follow-up from the Czech ELSPAC study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266903. [PMID: 35404976 PMCID: PMC9000121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the study was to examine longitudinal associations between sport participation and fat mass with body posture in children. We used data from children recruited in the Czech European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (CELSPAC) at the ages of 11 y (n = 1065), 13 y (n = 811) and 15 y (n = 974). Information on body posture, practicing sport in a club and at a competitive level, and skinfold thicknesses (biceps, triceps, subscapula, suprailiaca and thigh) from pediatrician’s medical records were collected. Body posture was inspected by a pediatrician. The sum of 5 skinfolds was used as a proxy of fat mass. The 85th and 95th percentiles defined ‘overfat’ and ‘obese’children. Practicing sport in a club and at a competitive level were included as ‘yes/no’ answers. General linear mixed models with risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Overall, 35.6% of children and adolescents had impaired body posture; the prevalence of ’incorrect’ body posture increased by age (from 41.0% to 28.0%, p<0.001). Practicing sport in a club and at a competitive level decreased by follow-up (p<0.001), while the level of ‘overfat’ and ‘obese’ children increased (p<0.01). In separate models, ’incorrect’ body posture was associated with non-practicing sport in clubs (RR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.43–1.97, p<0.001) or at competitive level (RR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.37–1.88, p<0.001) and with being ’overfat’ (RR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.52–2.75, p<0.001) and ’obese’ (RR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.68–2.75, p<0.001). When all variables were put simultaneously into the model additionally adjusted for sex, self-rated health and baseline body posture, similar associations remained. This study shows, that not participating in sport and being overfat/obese are longitudinally associated with ‘incorrect’ body posture. Therefore, the detection of these risk factors in childhood, through the development of school- and community-based interventions, should be advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kasović
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lovro Štefan
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Research and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Pavel Piler
- Department of Research and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Zvonar
- Department of Research and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Truong K, Park S, Tsiros MD, Milne N. Physiotherapy and related management for childhood obesity: A systematic scoping review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252572. [PMID: 34125850 PMCID: PMC8202913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite targeted efforts globally to address childhood overweight/obesity, it remains poorly understood and challenging to manage. Physiotherapists have the potential to manage children with obesity as they are experts in movement and physical activity. However, their role remains unclear due to a lack of physiotherapy-specific guidelines. This scoping review aims to explore existing literature, critically appraising and synthesising findings to guide physiotherapists in the evidence-based management of childhood overweight/obesity. METHOD A scoping review was conducted, including literature up to May 2020. A review protocol exists on Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/fap8g/. Four databases were accessed including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Medline via OVID, with grey literature searched through google via "file:pdf". A descriptive synthesis was undertaken to explore the impact of existing interventions and their efficacy. RESULTS From the initial capture of 1871 articles, 263 intervention-based articles were included. Interventions included qualitative focused physical activity, quantitative focused physical activity and multicomponent interventions. Various outcome measures were utilised including health-, performance- and behaviour-related outcomes. The general trend for physiotherapy involvement with children who are obese appears to favour: 1) multicomponent interventions, implementing more than one component with environmental modification and parental involvement and 2) quantitative physical activity interventions, focusing on the quantity of bodily movement. These approaches most consistently demonstrated desirable changes across behavioural and health-related outcome measures for multicomponent and quantitative physical activity interventions respectively. CONCLUSION When managing children with obesity, physiotherapists should consider multicomponent approaches and increasing the quantity of physical activity, given consistent improvements in various obesity-related outcomes. Such approaches are well suited to the scope of physiotherapists and their expertise in physical activity prescription for the management of childhood obesity. Future research should examine the effect of motor skill interventions and consider the role of environmental modification/parental involvement as factors contributing to intervention success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Truong
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandra Park
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margarita D. Tsiros
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nikki Milne
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Jung J, Kim MG, Kang YJ, Min K, Han KA, Choi H. Vibration Perception Threshold and Related Factors for Balance Assessment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116046. [PMID: 34199765 PMCID: PMC8200021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). DPN causes a decrease in proprioception, which could reduce balance ability. We investigated the association of impaired vibration sense, based on vibration perception threshold (VPT), with assessments of balance and other factors affecting balance impairment and fear of falling in patients with type 2 DM. Sixty-three patients with DM aged >50 years were categorized as having normal vibration sense (NVS; n = 34) or impaired vibration sense (IVS; n = 29) according to a VPT value of 8.9 μm. The following parameters were evaluated for all patients: postural steadiness through the fall index using posturography, functional balance through the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and fear of falling through the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). The IVS group showed a significantly greater balance impairment in fall index, BBS, and TUG, as well as greater fear of falling on the FES-I than the NVS group. The linear regression analysis showed that the fall index was associated only with the VPT, whereas BBS, TUG, and FES-I were associated with the VPT, age, and/or lower extremity muscle strength. VPT, age, and/or muscle strength were identified as predictors of balance and fear of falling in patients with type 2 DM. Therefore, along with age and lower extremity strength, the VPT can be useful for balance assessment in patients with type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisang Jung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, 68 Hangeulbiseok-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01830, Korea; (J.J.); (M.-G.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Min-Gyu Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, 68 Hangeulbiseok-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01830, Korea; (J.J.); (M.-G.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Youn-Joo Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, 68 Hangeulbiseok-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01830, Korea; (J.J.); (M.-G.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Kyungwan Min
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, 68 Hangeulbiseok-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01830, Korea; (K.M.); (K.-A.H.)
| | - Kyung-Ah Han
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, 68 Hangeulbiseok-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01830, Korea; (K.M.); (K.-A.H.)
| | - Hyoseon Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, 68 Hangeulbiseok-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01830, Korea; (J.J.); (M.-G.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-970-8315
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Kim KH, Leem MJ, Yi TI, Kim JS, Yoon SY. Balance Ability in Low Back Pain Patients With Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Evaluated With Tetrax: A Matched Case-Control Study. Ann Rehabil Med 2020; 44:195-202. [PMID: 32475097 PMCID: PMC7349042 DOI: 10.5535/arm.19101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare postural balance ability in patients with low back pain between groups with and without lumbosacral radiculopathy. Methods Patients who were referred for electromyography because of low back pain during the period from April 2017 through June 2018 were chosen as subjects. They were divided into groups with and without lumbosacral radiculopathy based on the results of electromyography. We used Tetrax (Sunlight Medical Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel) to objectively evaluate postural balance ability, and to measure the fall risk, stability index, weight distribution index, and Fourier index. Results Patients in the lumbosacral radiculopathy group showed significantly higher fall risk (73.25 vs. 38.00; p<0.05), weight distribution index (8.57 vs. 5.00; p<0.05), and stability index (21.19 vs. 13.16; p<0.05) than those in the group without lumbosacral radiculopathy. The Fourier index at high-medium frequency was significantly increased in the lumbosacral radiculopathy group (8.27 vs. 5.56; p<0.05), whereas weight-bearing on the side of radiculopathy was significantly decreased. Conclusion Patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy have decreased postural balance compared with patients without this condition. Somatosensory disturbances in lumbosacral radiculopathy might cause postural balance impairment. Assessment and treatment plan not only for pain reduction but also for postural balance improvement should be considered in the management of patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hoon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Leem
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Im Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Sup Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Evaluation of Visual Field and Balance Function Alterations in Patients Who Underwent Dermatochalasis Surgery. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:1310947. [PMID: 32377411 PMCID: PMC7180500 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1310947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare perioperative visual field (VF), balance functions (BF), and changes in the other ocular parameters in patients undergoing upper eyelid dermatochalasis (DC) surgery. Methods One hundred and fifty-eight eyes of 79 patients who underwent DC surgery were included in the study. The VF, BF, intraocular pressure (IOP), pachymetry (PM), macular, and optic nerve measurements were recorded. Measurements were repeated at postoperative month 1. The preoperative and postoperative ocular measurements and the balance data were compared. Results Nineteen of 79 (24.05%) patients were male and 60 of 79 (75.95%) were female, while the mean age of the patients was 58.65 ± 7.38 years. There were statistically significant differences in terms of VF and macular thickness between the preoperative and postoperative values. The improvements in mean defect, standard loss variance, and mean sensitivity values of global VF parameters in both eyes were statistically significant after surgery. Central macular thickness, mean macular thickness, and macular volume decreased significantly in all eyes after surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusions Although a marked improvement was observed in VF and peripheral vision after surgery, no significant change was found in BF parameters including primarily falling risk. The significant change in the macular parameters was only remarkable, and we think that the decrease was due to subtle vasospasm. There is a need for further comprehensive studies including especially patients older than 65 with a view to understanding the effect of DC surgery on BF.
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Moon BY, Choi JH, Yu DS, Kim SY. Effect of induced hyperopia on fall risk and Fourier transformation of postural sway. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8329. [PMID: 31879576 PMCID: PMC6927353 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Fall accidents are a social challenge in Korea and elsewhere. Most previous studies have focused on the effects of reduced visual acuity due to myopia on falls and body balance. The objective of this study was to investigate whether uncorrected hyperopia was a major risk factor for falls and to establish whether the risk of falls was absolutely correlated with visual acuity. Methods Fifty-one young subjects with a mean age of 22.75 ± 2.13 years were enrolled in this study. To induce hyperopic and myopic refractive errors, spherical lenses of ±1.0–6.0 D (1.0 D stepwise) were used. Under each induced condition, fall risk index and sway power were assessed via Fourier transformation of postural sway using a TETRAX system. Results The fall risk index for eyes-closed was significantly greater than that of eyes-open with full correction (t = −5.876, p < 0.05). The fall risk index increased significantly from hyperopia induced with −4.0 D lenses (with visual acuity of 0.69 ± 0.32) compared to eyes-open with full correction (F = 3.213, p < 0.05). However, there was no significant change in the induced myopia conditions, despite a drastic decline in decimal visual acuity. Sway power increased significantly in the low-to-medium frequency band derived from the peripheral vestibular system when hyperopia was induced. A significant difference was detected in hyperopia induced with −6.0 D lenses compared to eyes-open with full correction (F = 4.981, p = 0.017). Conclusion An uncorrected hyperopia rather than myopia may increase the risk of falls, although eyes may show normal visual acuity due to the inherent accommodation mechanism. Our findings suggest that the corrected state of refractive errors is more important than the level of visual acuity as the criteria for appropriate visual input, which contributes to stable posture. Therefore, clinicians should consider the refractive condition, especially the characteristics of hyperopia, when analyzing body balance, and appropriate correction of uncorrected hyperopia to prevent falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Yeon Moon
- Department of Optometry, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyeok Choi
- Department of Optometry, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Yu
- Department of Optometry, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Optometry, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, South Korea
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Gait Pattern, Impact to the Skeleton and Postural Balance in Overweight and Obese Children: A Review. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6030075. [PMID: 30065150 PMCID: PMC6162717 DOI: 10.3390/sports6030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The article reviews the biomechanical factors that may cause overweight/obese children to reduce their level of physical activity, while increasing their risk of overuse injuries and exercise-related pain. Recommendations would be to screen those children for any gait or postural impairments before they join any exercise program, and to provide them with specific gait treatments and/or physical exercise programs, in order to decrease their risk for future musculoskeletal injuries and pain.
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Cho M, Kim JY. Changes in physical fitness and body composition according to the physical activities of Korean adolescents. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:568-572. [PMID: 29114532 PMCID: PMC5667604 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1735132.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study comparatively analyzed obesity, lean balance, and physical fitness related to growth and development in female middle school students to investigate the importance of regular physical activity on body composition and physical fitness in adolescence. The subjects were 31 elementary school students in grades 5–6 in Seoul, consisting of 16 students in the regularly active group and 15 students in the inactive group. Body composition and physical fitness factors were measured. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and fat-free mass were measured using Inbody 3.0. Physical fitness factors such as muscle strength (grip strength), muscle endurance (situps), flexibility (body flexion), agility (side stepping), and lean balance (balancing with eyes closed), were measured as described herein. The results of comparing the two groups’ obesity-related body composition, the weight (P<0.001), body fat mass (P<0.001), BMI (P<0.002), and % body fat (P<0.033) were significantly higher in the inactive group compared to the physically active group. Comparison of lean balance was there was a significant difference in muscle mass between the left and right Arm (P<0.001), left and right leg (P<0.002) in the inactive group. comparing physical fitness between groups was trunk flexion (P<0.001) and side stepping (P<0.001) were higher in the physically active than the inactive group. This study found significant differences in weight, body fat, BMI, flexibility, and side stepping between the physically active and inactive groups, which may negatively affect health indicators related to adolescents’ growth, development, and obesity. Therefore, attempts to promote physical activity in growing adolescents are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Cho
- Liberal Arts College, Chungwoon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Exercise Rehabilitation Convergence Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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12
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Effects of a Program for Improving Biomechanical Characteristics During Walking and Running in Children Who Are Obese. Pediatr Phys Ther 2017; 29:330-340. [PMID: 28953178 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of a weight-reduction program with locomotion-emphasis on improving biomechanical characteristics of children who are obese (OW). METHODS Ten children who are OW participated in a 6-month multidisciplinary childhood obesity management program (GRP1); another 10 children who are OW participated in the same multidisciplinary childhood obesity management program with additional locomotion-emphasis exercises for improving biomechanical characteristics (GRP2); and 10 control children who are OW with no intervention program. Outcomes were anthropometric measurements and temporal and foot pressure parameters. RESULTS GRP2 had significantly improved foot pressure in the different walking/running speeds compared with GRP1. In the temporal parameters, pretests by speed by group interactions were significantly improved for GRP2 compared with GRP1. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence to support beneficial effects of combined dietary and physical activity/locomotion-emphasis exercises on the movement characteristics of children who are OW.
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Han A, Fu A, Cobley S, Sanders RH. Effectiveness of exercise intervention on improving fundamental movement skills and motor coordination in overweight/obese children and adolescents: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:89-102. [PMID: 28728887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood obesity is negatively associated with fundamental movement skill and motor coordination, which in turn constrains physical activity participation and adherence thereby forming a 'vicious cycle'. However, developing motor skill and coordination in childhood could help to break the vicious cycle to reduce childhood obesity. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of exercise and physical activity interventions on improving fundamental movement skill and motor coordination in overweight/obese children and adolescents. DESIGN A systematic review with quality assessment. METHODS A comprehensive systematic search was conducted from MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE without date restriction for randomized control trials, interventions or longitudinal studies of movement skill/motor skill/motor coordination in overweight/obese participants between 0-18 years of age. A total of 3944 publications were screened, and 17 published studies were included. RESULTS Altogether 38 tests for locomotor, object-control, balance and complex task tests were examined in selected studies, with 33 reporting increases after interventions, while only five tests indicated no change. The evidence strongly suggests that exercise/physical activity interventions were effective in improving locomotor skill, object-control skill and complex tasks in overweight/obese peers. However, the results for balance were equivocal. CONCLUSIONS Results from existing studies suggest overweight/obese peers have lower levels of fundamental movement skill than their healthy weight peers. However, exercise/physical activity interventions are effective in improving their skills. To maximize skill improvement, we recommend focused fundamental movement skill and motor coordination activities for skill development. These progressions in interventions may help break the vicious cycle of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Han
- Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Allan Fu
- Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen Cobley
- Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Ross H Sanders
- Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
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Azzeh FS, Kensara OA, Helal OF, Abd El-Kafy EM. Association of the body mass index with the overall stability index in young adult Saudi males. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 12:157-163. [PMID: 31435231 PMCID: PMC6694990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have focused on obesity-induced balance instability in the older population, which has been understudied in young adults. This study aimed to determine the impact of obesity on dynamic balance in young adult Saudi males. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 704 young adult males aged between 18 and 35 years from Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA, was performed. The obesity-induced balance was evaluated with a Biodex Balance System apparatus with a movable platform, and the overall stability index (OSI) was measured as an indicator of dynamic balance. Participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 were considered obese. RESULTS The mean age and BMI of the participants was 20 years and 25.6 kg/m2, respectively. The mean OSI of the entire sample was 0.9, and the OSI values increased significantly (p < 0.001) with increasing BMI. The adjusted correlation between OSI and BMI was 0.487 (p < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that for each one-unit increment in BMI, there was an expected rise of 0.115 units in the OSI value. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the optimal threshold of the weight and BMI cutoff points that optimized the OSI values were 18.8 kg/m2 and 54.5 kg, respectively, with high sensitivity and specificity values. In addition, BMI affected approximately 23% of the total variability on balance (partial eta squared = 0.227, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Obesity has a clear impact on dynamic balance in the selected young males. Weight management programs for obese subjects should be encouraged to optimize BMI and weight, which can attenuate balance stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas S. Azzeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA
| | - Osama A. Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA
| | - Omar F. Helal
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA
| | - Ehab M. Abd El-Kafy
- Department of Physical Therapy for Disturbances of Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children and its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Wyszyńska J, Podgórska-Bednarz J, Drzał-Grabiec J, Rachwał M, Baran J, Czenczek-Lewandowska E, Leszczak J, Mazur A. Analysis of Relationship between the Body Mass Composition and Physical Activity with Body Posture in Children. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1851670. [PMID: 27761467 PMCID: PMC5059512 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1851670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Excessive body mass in turn may contribute to the development of many health disorders including disorders of musculoskeletal system, which still develops intensively at that time. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between children's body mass composition and body posture. The relationship between physical activity level of children and the parameters characterizing their posture was also evaluated. Material and Methods. 120 school age children between 11 and 13 years were enrolled in the study, including 61 girls and 59 boys. Each study participant had the posture evaluated with the photogrammetric method using the projection moiré phenomenon. Moreover, body mass composition and the level of physical activity were evaluated. Results. Children with the lowest content of muscle tissue showed the highest difference in the height of the inferior angles of the scapulas in the coronal plane. Children with excessive body fat had less slope of the thoracic-lumbar spine, greater difference in the depth of the inferior angles of the scapula, and greater angle of the shoulder line. The individuals with higher level of physical activity have a smaller angle of body inclination. Conclusion. The content of muscle tissue, adipose tissue, and physical activity level determines the variability of the parameter characterizing the body posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Wyszyńska
- Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, 26 Warszawska Street, 35-205 Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Drzał-Grabiec
- Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, 26 Warszawska Street, 35-205 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Maciej Rachwał
- Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, 26 Warszawska Street, 35-205 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Joanna Baran
- Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, 26 Warszawska Street, 35-205 Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Leszczak
- Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, 26 Warszawska Street, 35-205 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, 26 Warszawska Street, 35-205 Rzeszów, Poland
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Steinberg N, Nemet D, Pantanowitz M, Zeev A, Hallumi M, Sindiani M, Meckel Y, Eliakim A. Longitudinal Study Evaluating Postural Balance of Young Athletes. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 122:256-79. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512516628989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Repeated anaerobic conditions during athletic performance may cause general and local fatigue that result in postural balance deficit. Evidence suggests that improved postural balance during athletic training may decrease the risk for fallings and traumatic injuries among athletes. Twenty athletes (12 girls, 8 boys) and 20 controls (12 girls, 8 boys) ages 10–15 years participated in the current study. All athletes were active in an 8-month physical activity program, 3 times per week for 90 min., specific to basketball, soccer, or athletic training. The control children participated in physical education at school only, with no involvement in organized extracurricular sports. All participants were evaluated for postural balance in three assessments over one year (at 4-mo intervals); the Interactive Balance System machine (Tetrax device) was used to assess balance at three test times (pre-, post-, and 10 min) after a session of a repeated sprint anaerobic test, consisting of 12 × 20 m run starting every 20 sec. The athletes had better postural balance than controls. There were different group patterns of change over the sessions; a significant interaction of session and group indicated that postural balance of the groups differed. The contribution of low sway frequencies (F1) and high sway frequencies (F6) differed between the controls and the athletes group. Results suggested that although athletes had better postural balance, improvement should be encouraged during training over the sessions and seasons, with special awareness of the balance deficit that occurs immediately after anaerobic stress and at the end of the season, to decrease the risk of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Steinberg
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Dan Nemet
- Child Health and Sports Center Department of Pediatrics, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - Michal Pantanowitz
- Child Health and Sports Center Department of Pediatrics, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - Aviva Zeev
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Monder Hallumi
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Mahmood Sindiani
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Yoav Meckel
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Alon Eliakim
- Child Health and Sports Center Department of Pediatrics, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Kfar-Saba, Israel
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Steinberg N, Eliakim A, Zaav A, Pantanowitz M, Halumi M, Eisenstein T, Meckel Y, Nemet D. Postural Balance Following Aerobic Fatigue Tests: A Longitudinal Study Among Young Athletes. J Mot Behav 2016; 48:332-40. [PMID: 26731202 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2015.1095153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
General fatigue can cause aggravation of postural balance, with increased risk for injuries. The present longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the postural balance of young athletes following field aerobic tests throughout 1 year of training. Thirty children from a sports center in Nazareth, participating in a 3 times/week training program (specific to basketball, soccer, or athletic training), were assessed. Postural balance parameters were taken before, immediately after, and 10 min after a 20 m shuttle-run aerobic test, at 3 time points during 1 training year (Start/Y, Mid/Y, and End/Y). Fitness improved at the Mid/Y and End/Y compared to Start/Y. Postural balance significantly deteriorated immediately after the aerobic test and improved significantly in the 10-min testing in all 3 time points, with significant deterioration in the End/Y compared with the Start/Y. In conclusions, postural balance deteriorates immediately after aerobic exercises, and at the end of the year. To better practice drills related to postural balance and possibly to prevent injuries, it is best for young athletes to properly rest immediately following aerobic exercises and to practice postural balance mainly at the beginning and at the middle of the training year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Steinberg
- a Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Israel
| | - Alon Eliakim
- b Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Israel
| | - Aviva Zaav
- c Zinman College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute , Netanya , Israel
| | - Michal Pantanowitz
- d Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Israel
| | - Monder Halumi
- c Zinman College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute , Netanya , Israel
| | - Tamir Eisenstein
- c Zinman College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute , Netanya , Israel
| | - Yoav Meckel
- c Zinman College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute , Netanya , Israel
| | - Dan Nemet
- d Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Israel
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Effects of weight management program on postural stability and neuromuscular function among obese children: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:143. [PMID: 25873530 PMCID: PMC4396837 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is one of the most critical public health problems in the world. It is associated with low neuromuscular function and postural deformities. Whether weight loss can improve postural stability and neuromuscular control, benefit daily activities, or prevent injury is unknown. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the effect of a 6 month weight management program on postural stability and neuromuscular control among obese children. Methods/design We will conduct a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial with 120 prepubescent obese children. Participants will be randomly assigned to a weight management group or a control group. The weight management group will participate in a dietary and exercise program. The control group will receive health education. After the intervention, participants will be followed for 6 months with no active intervention. The primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at the baseline, and after 6 months and 12 months. Primary outcome measures will include body weight, body height, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and body fat percentage. Secondary outcome measures will include three-dimensional functional biomechanics in different tasks, proprioception tests of the knee and ankle, neuromuscular response of the leg muscles, and muscle strength tests of the knee and ankle. Furthermore, adverse events will be recorded and analyzed. An intention-to-treat analysis will be performed if any participants withdraw from the trial. Discussion The important features of this trial include the randomization procedures and large sample size. This study attempts to estimate the effect of weight loss intervention on outcomes, including daily life function, postural stability, and neuromuscular control in prepubescent obese children. Therefore, our results can be useful for obese children, medical staff, and healthcare decision makers. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IOB-15005874.
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Lin HW, Bhattacharyya N. Impact of dizziness and obesity on the prevalence of falls and fall-related injuries. Laryngoscope 2014; 124:2797-801. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.24806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison W. Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California; Irvine California
| | - Neil Bhattacharyya
- Department of Otology & Laryngology; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts U.S.A
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