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Liboiron M, Malone MP, Brown CC, Prodhan P. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children: Outcome Review of a Multicenter National Database. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a triad of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. In critically ill children with HUS, extrarenal manifestations may require intensive care unit admission and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Outcomes specific to HUS and ECMO in children have not been well investigated. The primary aim of this project was to query a multicenter database to identify risk factors associated with mortality in HUS patients supported on ECMO. A secondary aim was to identify factors associated with ECMO utilization in children with HUS. Utilizing the Pediatric Health Information System database (January 2004 and September 2018), this retrospective, multicenter cohort study identified the index HUS hospitalization among children aged 0 to 18 years. Univariate analysis was used to compare demographics, clinical characteristics, and procedures to identify risk factors associated with adverse outcomes. Among 4,144 subjects, 37 were supported on ECMO. Survival for those on ECMO support was 54%. Among nonsurvivors, 59% of deaths occurred within 14 days of hospitalization. The mean hospital LOS was 15.9 days in nonsurvivors versus 53.9 days for survivors (p < 0.001). When comparing subjects supported on ECMO to those who were not, patients with ECMO support had statistically longer hospital LOS and higher rates of extrarenal involvement (p < 0.001). This study found a mortality rate of 46% among HUS patients requiring ECMO. The investigated clinical risk factors were not associated with mortality among the ECMO population. The study identifies risk factors associated with ECMO utilization in children with HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Liboiron
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Matthew P. Malone
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Clare C. Brown
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Parthak Prodhan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
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Tanné C, Javouhey E, Boyer O, Recher M, Allain-Launay E, Monet-Didailler C, Rouset-Rouvière C, Ryckewaert A, Nobili F, Gindre FA, Rambaud J, Duncan A, Berthiller J, Bacchetta J, Sellier-Leclerc AL. Cardiac involvement in pediatric hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:3215-3221. [PMID: 35286451 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac involvement is a known but rare complication of pediatric hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). We conducted a nationwide observational, retrospective case-control study describing factors associated with the occurrence of myocarditis among HUS patients. METHODS Cases were defined as hospitalized children affected by any form of HUS with co-existent myocarditis in 8 French Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) between January 2007 and December 2018. Control subjects were children, consecutively admitted with any form of HUS without coexistent myocarditis, at a single PICU in Lyon, France, during the same time period. RESULTS A total of 20 cases of myocarditis were reported among 8 PICUs, with a mean age of 34.3 ± 31.9 months; 66 controls were identified. There were no differences between the two groups concerning the season and the typical, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC-HUS), or atypical HUS (aHUS). Maximal leukocyte count was higher in the myocarditis group (29.1 ± 16.3G/L versus 21.0 ± 9.9G/L, p = 0.04). The median time between admission and first cardiac symptoms was of 3 days (range 0-19 days), and 4 patients displayed myocarditis at admission. The fatality rate in the myocarditis group was higher than in the control group (40.0% versus 1.5%, p < 0.001). Thirteen (65%) children from the myocarditis group received platelet transfusion compared to 19 (29%) in the control group (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Our study confirms that myocarditis is potentially lethal and identifies higher leukocyte count and platelet transfusion as possible risk factors of myocarditis. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Tanné
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hopital Femme-Mere-Enfant, Lyon, France.,Service de Pédiatrie Et Néonatalogie, Hôpitaux du Pays du Mont Blanc, Sallanches, France
| | - Etienne Javouhey
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfants, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivia Boyer
- Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Centres de Référence MARHEA Et MAT, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Maladies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut IMAGINE, INSERM U1163, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Morgan Recher
- CHU Lille, Department of Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Catherine Monet-Didailler
- Service de Pédiatrie, Unité de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, CHU de Bordeaux, France.,Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de La Côte Basque, Bayonne, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jérôme Rambaud
- Service de Réanimation Pédiatrique Et Néonatal, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Anita Duncan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hopital Femme-Mere-Enfant, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Berthiller
- Service d'Epidémiologie Et de Recherche Clinique. Pôle de Santé Publique Des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Justine Bacchetta
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hopital Femme-Mere-Enfant, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Sanders E, Brown CC, Blaszak RT, Crawford B, Prodhan P. Cardiac Manifestation among Children with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. J Pediatr 2021; 235:144-148.e4. [PMID: 33819463 PMCID: PMC8316308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objectives of the study were to describe the association between cardiac manifestations and in-hospital mortality among children with hemolytic uremic syndrome. STUDY DESIGN Using the Pediatric Health Information System database, this retrospective, multicenter, cohort study identified the first hemolytic uremic syndrome-related inpatient visit among children ≤18 years (years 2004-2018). The frequency of selected cardiac manifestations and mortality rates were calculated. Multivariate analysis identified the association of specific cardiac manifestations and the risk of in-hospital mortality. RESULTS Among 3915 patients in the analysis, 238 (6.1%) had cardiac manifestations. A majority of patients (82.8%; n = 197) had 1 cardiac condition and 17.2% (n = 41) had ≥2 cardiac conditions. The most common cardiac conditions was pericardial disease (n = 102), followed by congestive heart failure (n = 46) and cardiomyopathy/myocarditis (n = 34). The percent mortality for patients with 0, 1, or ≥2 cardiac conditions was 2.1%, 17.3%, and 19.5%, respectively. Patients with any cardiac condition had an increased odds of mortality (OR, 9.74; P = .0001). In additional models, the presence of ≥2 cardiac conditions (OR, 9.90; P < .001), cardiac arrest (OR, 38.25; P < .001), or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation deployment (OR, 11.61; P < .001) were associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS This study identified differences in in-hospital mortality based on the type of cardiac manifestations, with increased risk observed for patients with multiple cardiac involvement, cardiac arrest, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation deployments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sanders
- Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Clare C. Brown
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Richard T Blaszak
- Nephrology; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Brendan Crawford
- Nephrology; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Parthak Prodhan
- Pediatric Cardiology/Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Luna M, Kamariski M, Principi I, Bocanegra V, Vallés PG. Severely ill pediatric patients with Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) who suffered from multiple organ involvement in the early stage. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:1499-1509. [PMID: 33205220 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is the main cause of pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) in Argentina. Endothelial injury is the trigger event in the microangiopathic process. The host inflammatory response to toxin and E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is involved in disease pathophysiology. METHODS This retrospective study describes pediatric STEC-HUS patients with multiorgan involvement at the initial phase of disease. A retrospective study of critically ill HUS patients with evidence of E. coli infection was conducted through a period of 15 years. RESULTS Forty-four patients 35.4 ± 4.1 months were admitted to the intensive care unit for 21 ± 2 days. Mechanical ventilation was required in 41 patients, early inotropic support in 37, and 28 developed septic shock. Forty-one patients required kidney replacement therapy for 12 ± 1 days. Forty-one patients showed neurological dysfunction. Dilated cardiomyopathy was demonstrated in 3 patients, left ventricular systolic dysfunction in 4, and hypertension in 17. Four patients had pulmonary hemorrhage, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in 2. Colectomy for transmural colonic necrosis was performed in 3 patients. Thirty-seven patients were treated with therapeutic plasma exchange, and 28 patients received methylprednisolone (10 mg/kg for 3 days). Of the surviving 32 patients, neurological sequelae were seen in 11 and chronic kidney failure in 5. CONCLUSIONS Severe clinical outcome at onset suggests an amplified inflammatory response after exposure to Shiga toxin and/or E. coli LPS. STEC-HUS associated with severe neurological involvement, hemodynamic instability, and AKI requires intensive care and focused therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Luna
- Servicio de Nefrología, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Humberto Notti, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariana Kamariski
- Servicio de Nefrología, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Humberto Notti, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Iliana Principi
- Servicio de Nefrología, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Humberto Notti, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Victoria Bocanegra
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia G Vallés
- Servicio de Nefrología, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Humberto Notti, Mendoza, Argentina. .,Área de Fisiopatología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Mounier S, Gavotto A, Tenenbaum J, Meyer P, Fila M, Baleine J. Hemolytic uremic syndrome related to Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli with encephalitis hiding a human herpesvirus-6 infection: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:300. [PMID: 34034812 PMCID: PMC8152054 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-02873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac and neurological involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome are life-threatening complications. The most frequent complications of cardiac involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome are myocarditis and cardiac dysfunction due to fluid overload. Pericarditis remains very rare in hemolytic uremic syndrome. To our knowledge, only five cases of cardiac tamponade associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome have been described in literature. A 27-month-old Caucasian girl presented with symptoms of nonbloody diarrhea and tonic-clonic seizures. The diagnosis of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome with central nervous system involvement was made, and stool examination revealed infection with a Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli. She did not need renal replacement therapy but had severe neurological impairment. The patient's course was complicated by pericardial effusion. A pericardiocentesis was performed via an apical approach because the pericardial effusion was predominantly surrounding the left ventricle. Effusion analysis showed an exudate and positivity for human herpesvirus-6B on polymerase chain reaction with viremia. This finding was consistent with primary human herpesvirus-6 infection with encephalitis. CONCLUSION We report this uncommon case of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with a severe human herpesvirus-6 infection. Secondary isolated pericardial effusion and atypical neurological involvement are uncommon in Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome and should lead the physician to perform additional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mounier
- Department of Neonatal Medicine and Pediatric Intensive Care, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital Center, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Arthur Gavotto
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital Center, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, PhyMedExpMontpellier, France
| | - Julie Tenenbaum
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital Center, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pierre Meyer
- CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, PhyMedExpMontpellier, France
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital Center, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Fila
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital Center, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Julien Baleine
- Department of Neonatal Medicine and Pediatric Intensive Care, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital Center, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Kelham MD, Gleeson L, Alcalde I, Spiritoso R, Proudfoot AG, Scully M. Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation and Eculizumab: Atypical treatments for typical haemolytic uraemic syndrome. J Intensive Care Soc 2020; 21:191-193. [DOI: 10.1177/1751143719832184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 19-year-old female with no medical history presented with bloody diarrhoea. Investigations revealed an acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic haemolysis. A diagnosis of haemolytic uraemic syndrome secondary to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli 055 was confirmed and supportive therapy commenced in the intensive therapy unit. On day 11 of her admission, she rapidly deteriorated with evidence of refractory cardiogenic shock and neurological involvement, both features associated with a poor prognosis. Cross-specialty collaboration prompted a trial of veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation and Eculizumab, a complement inhibitor normally reserved for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome, as a bridge to organ recovery. To our knowledge, herein we present the first adult patient with haemolytic uraemic syndrome induced cardiogenic shock successfully supported to cardiac recovery with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. The potential role for Eculizumab in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli/typical haemolytic uraemic syndrome is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Kelham
- Perioperative Medicine Department, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Liam Gleeson
- Perioperative Medicine Department, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Inma Alcalde
- Perioperative Medicine Department, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rosalba Spiritoso
- Perioperative Medicine Department, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Marie Scully
- Haematology Department, University College London Hospital, London, UK
- Cardiometabolic Programme – NIHR University College London Hospital BRC, London, UK
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Harkins VJ, McAllister DA, Reynolds BC. Shiga-Toxin E. coli Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Review of Management and Long-term Outcome. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40124-020-00208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
We review the pathophysiology of Shiga-Toxin Enteropathogenic–Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (STEC-HUS), strategies to ameliorate or prevent evolution of STEC-HUS, management and the improved recognition of long-term adverse outcomes.
Recent Findings
Following on from the preclinical evidence of a role for the complement system in STEC-HUS, the use of complement blocking agents has been the major focus of most recent clinical research. Novel therapies to prevent or lessen HUS have yet to enter the clinical arena. The long-term outcomes of STEC-HUS, similarly to other causes of AKI, are not as benign as previously thought.
Summary
Optimizing supportive care in STEC-HUS is the only current recommended treatment. The administration of early isotonic fluids may reduce the severity and duration of STEC-HUS. The role of complement blockade in the management of STEC-HUS remains unclear. The long-term sequelae from STEC-HUS are significant and patients with apparent full renal recovery remain at risk.
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HUS-induced cardiac and circulatory failure is reversible using cardiopulmonary bypass as rescue. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:2155-2158. [PMID: 28780656 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extra-renal involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) includes gastrointestinal, pancreatic, hepatic, neurological and cardiac manifestations. The current 3-5% mortality rate in HUS patients is primarily attributed to complications related to the central nervous system and the heart. In this brief report, we illustrate that severe cardiac involvement in a patient with HUS is potentially reversible using cardiopulmonary bypass as rescue. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT A 12-year-old boy was diagnosed with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli-induced HUS related to E. coli serotypes O55:H7 and O121:H19. The patient developed anuria and hypertension of 150/105 mmHg and had neurological symptoms, with lethargy, confusion and later a tonic-clonic seizure successfully treated with midazolam. Laboratory tests on blood samples revealed acute renal failure, with a creatinine level of 3.98 mg/dL, thrombocytopenia of 47 × 109/L, lactate dehydrogenase level of 3620 IU/L, low haptoglobin (<20 mg/dL), anemia (10.0 g/dL) and schistocytes on blood smears. Peritoneal dialysis was initiated without complications. Serum potassium level was normal. At day 3, the patient suffered cardiac arrest on two separate occasions. Troponin-T, creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB levels were significantly increased. The second episode of cardiac arrest could not be reversed with advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and a cardiopulmonary bypass circuit was established. Declining cardiac pump function to a near non-contractile state with an ejection fraction of <10% was observed on echocardiography. This persisted during the following days. After the patient had been on the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit for 7 days, the myocardium slowly recovered function. Three days later, the CPB was successfully discontinued; the echocardiography showed near-normal ejection fraction, and electrocardiography (ECG) showed sinus rhythm. CONCLUSIONS Fatal outcome in patients with HUS may be the result of severe cardiac involvement. The present case illustrates the need for intensive supportive care, including the use of CPB, as the cardiac symptoms in HUS patients may be reversible. We suggest the monitoring of cardiac-specific enzymes, ECG and echocardiography in high-risk patients.
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