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Li Y, Gao W, Yang Z, Hu Z, Li J. Multi-omics pan-cancer analyses identify MCM4 as a promising prognostic and diagnostic biomarker. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6517. [PMID: 38499612 PMCID: PMC10948783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 4 (MCM4) is a vital component of the mini-chromosome maintenance complex family, crucial for initiating the replication of eukaryotic genomes. Recently, there has been a growing interest in investigating the significance of MCM4 in different types of cancer. Despite the existing research on this topic, a comprehensive analysis of MCM4 across various cancer types has been lacking. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by presenting a thorough pan-cancer analysis of MCM4, shedding light on its functional implications and potential clinical applications. The study utilized multi-omics samples from various databases. Bioinformatic tools were employed to explore the expression profiles, genetic alterations, phosphorylation states, immune cell infiltration patterns, immune subtypes, functional enrichment, disease prognosis, as well as the diagnostic potential of MCM4 and its responsiveness to drugs in a range of cancers. Our research demonstrates that MCM4 is closely associated with the oncogenesis, prognosis and diagnosis of various tumors and proposes that MCM4 may function as a potential biomarker in pan-cancer, providing a deeper understanding of its potential role in cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxing Li
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Gao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Hu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jincheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Xu J, Pang B, Lan Y, Dou R, Wang S, Kang S, Zhang W, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ping Y. Identifying the personalized driver gene sets maximally contributing to abnormality of transcriptome phenotype in glioblastoma multiforme individuals. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2472-2490. [PMID: 37491836 PMCID: PMC10620122 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High heterogeneity in genome and phenotype of cancer populations made it difficult to apply population-based common driver genes to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer individuals. Characterizing and identifying the personalized driver mechanism for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) individuals were pivotal for the realization of precision medicine. We proposed an integrative method to identify the personalized driver gene sets by integrating the profiles of gene expression and genetic alterations in cancer individuals. This method coupled genetic algorithm and random walk to identify the optimal gene sets that could explain abnormality of transcriptome phenotype to the maximum extent. The personalized driver gene sets were identified for 99 GBM individuals using our method. We found that genomic alterations in between one and seven driver genes could maximally and cumulatively explain the dysfunction of cancer hallmarks across GBM individuals. The driver gene sets were distinct even in GBM individuals with significantly similar transcriptomic phenotypes. Our method identified MCM4 with rare genetic alterations as previously unknown oncogenic genes, the high expression of which were significantly associated with poor GBM prognosis. The functional experiments confirmed that knockdown of MCM4 could significantly inhibit proliferation, invasion, migration, and clone formation of the GBM cell lines U251 and U118MG, and overexpression of MCM4 significantly promoted the proliferation, invasion, migration, and clone formation of the GBM cell line U87MG. Our method could dissect the personalized driver genetic alteration sets that are pivotal for developing targeted therapy strategies and precision medicine. Our method could be extended to identify key drivers from other levels and could be applied to more cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityChina
| | - Bo Pang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yujia Lan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityChina
| | - Renjie Dou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityChina
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityChina
| | - Shaobo Kang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityChina
| | - Wanmei Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yijing Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yanyan Ping
- College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityChina
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Tan Y, Ding L, Li G. MCM4 acts as a biomarker for LUAD prognosis. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3354-3362. [PMID: 37817427 PMCID: PMC10623528 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MCM4 forms the pre-replication complex (MCM2-7) with five other minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins. This complex binds to replication origins at G1 stage in cell cycle process, playing a critical role in DNA replication initiation. Recently, MCM4 is reported to have a complex interaction with multiple cancer progression, including gastric, ovarian and cervical cancer. Here, this study mainly focused on the expression of MCM4 and its values in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). MCM4 was highly expressed in LUAD tumours and cells, and had an important effect on the overall survival. Overexpression of MCM4 promoted the proliferation, and suppressed the apoptosis in LUAD cells. However, MCM4 silence led to the opposite results. In vivo, knockdown of MCM4 inhibited tumour volume and weight in xenograft mouse model. As a member of DNA helicase, knockdown of MCM4 caused cell cycle arrest at G1 stage through inducing the expression of P21, a CDK inhibitor. These findings indicate that MCM4 may be a possible new therapeutic target for LUAD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tan
- Branch of Minhang, Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Ultrasonic DiagnosisSecond Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Tongji HospitalTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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Mathew L, Janardhanan M, Suresh R, Savithri V, Aravind T, Aiswarya A. Minichromosome maintenance protein 5 - a promising prognostic marker of oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:655-662. [PMID: 38304521 PMCID: PMC10829438 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_456_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis is the single most effective means of reducing the mortality rate of oral cancer. Aim This study was undertaken to assess the expression of minichromosome maintenance protein 5 (MCM5) in oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and to evaluate their possible role as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC. Design A retrospective cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods The study was conducted to assess the expression of MCM5 immunohistochemically in the tissue samples of oral epithelial dysplasias (n = 27) and OSCCs (n = 30) diagnosed between 2014 and 2019. Statistical Analysis The difference in the mean nuclear labelling index (LI) between the groups and the subgroups was analysed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the post hoc test, and the Dunn-Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis was conducted for pairwise comparison between the four main groups and the subgroups. The association between mean MCM5 LI and clinicopathological parameters was analysed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results A progressive increase in the nuclear expression of MCM5 protein (P-value <0.001) was noticed from normal oral mucosa through oral epithelial hyperplasia and oral epithelial dysplasia to OSCC. A significant correlation was also observed between the mean nuclear MCM5 LI of OSCC and TNM staging (R2 = 0.268, P = 0.029). Conclusion Our findings suggest that MCM5 may be of great value in assessing the malignant potential of dysplastic lesions and may serve as biomarker of utility in the early diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Mathew
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Mahija Janardhanan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Rakesh Suresh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vindhya Savithri
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Thara Aravind
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - A. Aiswarya
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Li C, Zhang J, Bi Y. Unveiling the prognostic significance of SOX5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive bioinformatic and experimental analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7565-7582. [PMID: 37531195 PMCID: PMC10457070 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of SOX5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data were analyzed to assess SOX5 expression in ESCC and normal tissues. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate its prognostic significance. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted to identify pathways associated with low SOX5 expression. Methylation status of CpG sites in ESCC cases was examined, and SOX5 expression was evaluated. Differential expression and ChIP-seq data analyses were used to identify genes significantly correlated with SOX5 and to obtain target genes. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using hub genes, and their association with immune cell infiltration was determined. In vitro ESCC cell experiments validated the findings. RESULTS SOX5 was significantly downregulated in ESCC samples compared to normal samples. Its downregulation was associated with shorter survival in ESCC patients. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed enrichment in regulated necrosis, NLRP3 inflammasome, formation of the cornified envelope, and PD-1 signaling. Methylation status of two CpG sites negatively correlated with SOX5 expression. Differential expression analysis identified 122 genes significantly correlated with SOX5, and 28 target genes were obtained from ChIP-seq analysis. Target genes were enriched in DNA replication, cell cycle, spindle, and ATPase activity. Five hub genes were identified, and the PPI network showed significant associations with immune cell infiltration. In vitro experiments confirmed SOX5 downregulation, upregulation of hub genes, and their functional effects on ESCC cell apoptosis and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These findings enhance understanding of SOX5 in ESCC and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanwen Bi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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Zhao C, Penttinen P, Zhang L, Dong L, Zhang F, Li Z, Zhang X. Mechanism of Inhibiting the Growth and Aflatoxin B 1 Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus by Phenyllactic Acid. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:370. [PMID: 37368671 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenyllactic acid (PLA), a promising food preservative, is safe and effective against a broad spectrum of food-borne pathogens. However, its mechanisms against toxigenic fungi are still poorly understood. In this study, we applied physicochemical, morphological, metabolomics, and transcriptomics analyses to investigate the activity and mechanism of PLA inhibition of a typical food-contaminating mold, Aspergillus flavus. The results showed that PLA effectively inhibited the growth of A. flavus spores and reduced aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by downregulating key genes associated with AFB1 biosynthesis. Propidium iodide staining and transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated a dose-dependent disruption of the integrity and morphology of the A. flavus spore cell membrane by PLA. Multi-omics analyses showed that subinhibitory concentrations of PLA induced significant changes in A. flavus spores at the transcriptional and metabolic levels, as 980 genes and 30 metabolites were differentially expressed. Moreover, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated PLA-induced cell membrane damage, energy-metabolism disruption, and central-dogma abnormality in A. flavus spores. The results provided new insights into the anti-A. flavus and -AFB1 mechanisms of PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Rd., Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Petri Penttinen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lingzi Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Rd., Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Fengju Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Rd., Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Rd., Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China
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Li H, Wang H, Cui Y, Jiang W, Zhan H, Feng L, Gao M, Zhao K, Zhang L, Xie X, Zhao N, Li Y, Liu P. EZH2 regulates pancreatic cancer cells through E2F1, GLI1, CDK3, and Mcm4. Hereditas 2023; 160:23. [PMID: 37198697 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in digestive tract. To explore the role of epigenetic factor EZH2 in the malignant proliferation of PC, so as to provide effective medical help in PC. Sixty paraffin sections of PC were collected and the expression of EZH2 in PC tissues was detected by immunohistochemical assay. Three normal pancreas tissue samples were used as controls. The regulation of EZH2 gene on proliferation and migration of normal pancreatic cell and PC cell were determined by MTS, colony forming, Ki-67 antibody, scratch and Transwell assays. Through differential gene annotation and differential gene signaling pathway analysis, differentially expressed genes related to cell proliferation were selected and verified by RT-qPCR. EZH2 is mainly expressed in the nuclei of pancreatic tumor cells, but not in normal pancreatic cells. The results of cell function experiments showed that EZH2 overexpression could enhance the proliferation and migration ability of PC cell BXPC-3. Cell proliferation ability increased by 38% compared to the control group. EZH2 knockdown resulted in reduced proliferation and migration ability of cells. Compared with control, proliferation ability of cells reduced by 16%-40%. The results of bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome data and RT-qPCR demonstrated that EZH2 could regulate the expression of E2F1, GLI1, CDK3 and Mcm4 in normal and PC cells. The results revealed that EZH2 might regulate the proliferation of normal pancreatic cell and PC cell through E2F1, GLI1, CDK3 and Mcm4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 354 Beima Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Yunlong Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Wenhua Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Hongjie Zhan
- Department of Gastric Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Lixia Feng
- Department of Nursing, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Konggang Hospital, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Mingyou Gao
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Kuo Zhao
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaojing Xie
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Health Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 354 Beima Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300120, China.
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Song HY, Shen R, Mahasin H, Guo YN, Wang DG. DNA replication: Mechanisms and therapeutic interventions for diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e210. [PMID: 36776764 PMCID: PMC9899494 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and integral cellular DNA replication is modulated by multiple replication-associated proteins, which is fundamental to preserve genome stability. Furthermore, replication proteins cooperate with multiple DNA damage factors to deal with replication stress through mechanisms beyond their role in replication. Cancer cells with chronic replication stress exhibit aberrant DNA replication and DNA damage response, providing an exploitable therapeutic target in tumors. Numerous evidence has indicated that posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of replication proteins present distinct functions in DNA replication and respond to replication stress. In addition, abundant replication proteins are involved in tumorigenesis and development, which act as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in some tumors, implying these proteins act as therapeutic targets in clinical. Replication-target cancer therapy emerges as the times require. In this context, we outline the current investigation of the DNA replication mechanism, and simultaneously enumerate the aberrant expression of replication proteins as hallmark for various diseases, revealing their therapeutic potential for target therapy. Meanwhile, we also discuss current observations that the novel PTM of replication proteins in response to replication stress, which seems to be a promising strategy to eliminate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yun Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Rong Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Hamid Mahasin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Ya-Nan Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - De-Gui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
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Yang S, Yuan Y, Ren W, Wang H, Zhao Z, Zhao H, Zhao Q, Chen X, Jiang X, Zhang L. MCM4 is a novel prognostic biomarker and promotes cancer cell growth in glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1004324. [PMID: 36465369 PMCID: PMC9713251 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1004324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas account for 75% of all primary malignant brain tumors in adults and result in high mortality. Accumulated evidence has declared the minichromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM) gene family plays a critical role in modulating the cell cycle and DNA replication stress. However, the biological function and clinic characterization of nine MCM members in low-grade glioma are not yet clarified. METHODS In this study, we utilized diverse public databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), Rembrandt, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Linkedomics, cbioportal, Tumor and Immune System Interaction Database (TISIDB), single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA), Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal databases to explore the mRNA and protein expression profiles, gene mutation, clinical features, diagnosis, prognosis, signaling pathway, tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune subtype, immune cell infiltration, immune modulator and drug sensitivity of nine MCMs. Afterward, qRT-PCR was utilized to detect the expression of the MCM family in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines. The one-, three-, or five-year survival rate was predicted by utilizing a nomogram established by cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS In this study, we found that nine MCMs were consistently up-regulated in glioma tissues and glioma cell lines. Elevated nine MCMs expressions were significantly correlated with a higher tumor stage, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutates, 1p/19q codeletion, histological type, and primary therapy outcome. Survival analyses showed that higher expression of MCM2-MCM8 (minichromosome maintenance protein2-8) and MCM10 (minichromosome maintenance protein 10) were linked with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in glioma patients. On the other hand, up-regulated MCM2-MCM8 and MCM10 were significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) in glioma patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that MCM2 (minichromosome maintenance protein2), MCM4 (minichromosome maintenance protein 4), MCM6 (minichromosome maintenance protein 6), MCM7 (minichromosome maintenance protein 7) expression and tumor grade, 1p/19q codeletion, age, and primary therapy outcome were independent factors correlated with the clinical outcome of glioma patients. More importantly, a prognostic MCMs model constructed using the above five prognostic genes could predict the overall survival of glioma patients with medium-to-high accuracy. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis indicated that MCMs principal participated in regulating cell cycle and DNA replication. DNA copy number variation (CNV) and DNA methylation significantly affect the expression of MCMs. Finally, we uncover that MCMs expression is highly correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune modulator, TMB, and drug sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this finding confirmed that MCM4 is a potential target of precision therapy for patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yixiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjun Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qizhe Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Chen
- First Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiulin Jiang
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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10
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Wang F, Liu W, Liang J, Wang H, Tang J, Zeng J, Huang D, Yang Q, Li L. Proteomic methods identified P75 as marker of poor prognosis in pleuropulmonary blastoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154067. [PMID: 36067610 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the causes of the rapid progression of pleuropulmonary blastoma and to identify molecular markers related to its prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three pairs of fresh frozen samples of pleuropulmonary blastoma tumors and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed for proteomics, focusing on the protein molecules with significantly increased expression in tumor tissues and related to the cell cycle and DNA replication. The top five protein molecules were selected and verified by immunohistochemistry. To analyze the correlation between the expression of verified protein molecules in pleuropulmonary blastoma and early recurrence/metastasis of pleuropulmonary blastoma. RESULTS Compared with the adjacent normal tissues, 1759 proteins were upregulated and 967 proteins were downregulated in pleuropulmonary blastoma. The top five proteins related to the cell cycle and DNA replication were ORC2, P75, Skp2, MCM4 and PCNA. However, only P75, MCM4 and PCNA were upregulated in pleuropulmonary blastoma as determined by immunohistochemistry. Further analysis showed that the expression of P75 in the recurrence/metastasis group was significantly higher than that in the no recurrence/metastasis group, while the expression of MCM4 and PCNA was not significantly different between the recurrence/metastasis group and the no recurrence/metastasis group. CONCLUSIONS MCM4, PCNA and P75 may all play an important role in the progression of pleuropulmonary blastoma. Among them, P75 is related to the prognosis and may be used as a marker to predict the prognosis of pleuropulmonary blastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jue Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahang Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Abou-Fadel J, Bhalli M, Grajeda B, Zhang J. CmP Signaling Network Leads to Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Caucasian Women. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:198-219. [PMID: 35481969 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes ∼15% of all diagnosed invasive breast cancer cases with limited options for treatment since immunotherapies that target ER, PR, and HER2 receptors are ineffective. Progesterone (PRG) can induce its effects through either classic, nonclassic, or combined responses by binding to classic nuclear PRG receptors (nPRs) or nonclassic membrane PRG receptors (mPRs). Under PRG-induced actions, we previously demonstrated that the CCM signaling complex (CSC) can couple both nPRs and mPRs into a CmPn signaling network, which plays an important role during nPR(+) breast cancer tumorigenesis. We recently defined the novel CmP signaling network in African American women (AAW)-derived TNBC cells, which overlapped with our previously defined CmPn network in nPR(+) breast cancer cells. Methods: Under mPR-specific steroid actions, we measured alterations to key tumorigenic pathways in Caucasian American women (CAW)- derived TNBC cells, with RNAseq/proteomic and systems biology approaches. Exemption from ethics approval from IRB: This study only utilized cultured NBC cell lines with publicly available TNBC clinical data sets. Results: Our results demonstrated that TNBCs in CAW share similar altered signaling pathways, as TNBCs in AAW, under mPR-specific steroid actions, demonstrating the overall aggressive nature of TNBCs, regardless of racial differences. Furthermore, in this report, we have deconvoluted the CmP signalosome, using systems biology approaches and CAW-TNBC clinical data, to identify 21 new CAW-TNBC-specific prognostic biomarkers that reinforce the definitive role of CSC and mPR signaling during CAW-TNBC tumorigenesis. Conclusion: This new set of potential prognostic biomarkers may revolutionize molecular mechanisms and currently known concepts of tumorigenesis in CAW-TNBCs, leading to hopeful new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Abou-Fadel
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Muaz Bhalli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Grajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Yu Z, Wu J, Zhang L, Liu SY. Potential molecular target screening and bioinformatics analysis of cholangiocarcinoma based on GEO database. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:128-135. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i3.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Targeted therapy is important for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma, and it is therefore of great clinical importance to identify novel molecular targets for targeted therapy of this malignancy.
AIM To identify potential molecular targets for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma and identify the key genes involved in cholangiocarcinoma by bioinformatics analysis.
METHODS We downloaded two sets of cholangiocarcinoma expression profile data from GEO database. GEO2R online analysis tool was used to screen differentially expressed genes in cholangiocarcinoma tumor tissues and normal tissues, and we performed GO enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, and protein interaction network for differentially expressed genes. We used Cytoscape software to calculate key genes. The GEPIA database was used to verify the expression of hub genes in cholangiocarcinoma tissues.
RESULTS A total of 158 differentially expressed genes were identified. GO enrichment analysis showed that these differential genes were mainly involved in the cellular response to zinc ion, negative regulation of growth, cell adhesion, metabolic process, and protein homotetramerization. They were enriched in exosomes, extracellular spaces, elastic fibers, and organelle membranes. The main molecular functions are related to heparin binding, cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity, protein homodimerization activity, receptor binding, and pyridoxal phosphate binding. KEGG pathway analysis showed that differential genes are mainly involved in processes such as mineral absorption, carbon and propanoate metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, and fatty acid degradation. A protein interaction network diagram was constructed based on the String database, and the CytoHubba plug-in of the Cytoscape software was used to calculate the key genes. The key genes were all up-regulated ones. GEPIA analysis verified that the expression of key genes in cholangiocarcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues.
CONCLUSION In this study, eight key genes related to cholangiocarcinoma were identified, including NUSAP1, TOP2A, RAD51AP1, MCM4, KIAA0101, CDCA5, TYMS, and ZWINT. These genes provide new ideas for in-depth study of the targeted therapy of cholangiocarcinoma, and are expected to become new molecular therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Shu-Ye Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin 300170, China
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13
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Identification of MCM4 as a Prognostic Marker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7479326. [PMID: 34961841 PMCID: PMC8710152 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7479326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methods MCM4 expression difference in HCC were analyzed from TCGA and GEO data and verified by real-time PCR and western blot. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of MCM4 and AFP. Additionally, the relationship between MCM4 and stage or nodal metastasis status or grade or age in TCGA cohort with HCC was observed from the UALCAN website. The univariate and multivariate Cox and functional analyses were done to explore the prognostic value of MCM4 in TCGA cohort. Results It was found that MCM4 was significantly highly expressed in HCC tissues from TCGA, GEO, and experimental data. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis showed that MCM4 was superior to be a diagnostic biomarker than AFP from TCGA (AUCMCM4 = 0.9461, AUCAFP = 0.7056) and GEO (GSE19665: AUCMCM4 = 0.8800, AUCAFP = 0.5100; GSE64041 AUCMCM4 = 0.8038, AUCAFP = 0.6304). AUC of MCM4 from real-time PCR result in 60 pairs of HCC and adjacent tissues was 0.7172, demonstrating the prediction value of MCM4. Besides, different expression tendencies of MCM4 among different stages or nodal metastasis status or grade or age were observed from the UALCAN website. In addition, multiROC analysis showed the advantage of MCM4 as a survival prediction at 1, 3, and 5 years with the higher AUC at 0.69 of 1 year, 0.65 of 3 years, and 0.61 of 5 years. It was shown that MCM4 was independently associated with OS in univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. And GSEA displayed that MCM4 was highly enriched in KEGG_CELL_CYCLE signaling pathway following higher correlation positively with CDC6, PLK1, CRC1, and BUB1B in HCC. Conclusion MCM4 might be a potential biomarker in guiding the prognostic status of HCC patients.
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang Q. MCM2-7 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: MCM7 Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:782755. [PMID: 34993142 PMCID: PMC8724441 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.782755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for 60-70% of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases. Finding more therapeutic targets for advanced ccRCC is an urgent mission. The minichromosome maintenance proteins 2-7 (MCM2-7) protein forms a stable heterohexamer and plays an important role in DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. In the study, we provide a comprehensive study of MCM2-7 genes expression and their potential roles in ccRCC. Methods The expression and prognosis of the MCM2-7 genes in ccRCC were analyzed using data from TCGA, GEO and ArrayExpress. MCM2-7 related genes were identified by weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Metascape. CancerSEA and GSEA were used to analyze the function of MCM2–7 genes in ccRCC. The gene effect scores (CERES) of MCM2-7, which reflects carcinogenic or tumor suppressor, were obtained from DepMap. We used clinical and expression data of MCM2-7 from the TCGA dataset and the LASSO Cox regression analysis to develop a risk score to predict survival of patients with ccRCC. The correlations between risk score and other clinical indicators such as gender, age and stage were also analyzed. Further validation of this risk score was engaged in another cohort, E-MTAB-1980 from the ArrayExpress dataset. Results The mRNA and protein expression of MCM2-7 were increased in ccRCC compared with normal tissues. High MCM2, MCM4, MCM6 and MCM7 expression were associated with a poor prognosis of ccRCC patients. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that MCM2-7 might influence the progress of ccRCC by regulating the cell cycle. Knockdown of MCM7 can inhibit the proliferation of ccRCC cells. A two-gene risk score including MCM4 and MCM6 can predict overall survival (OS) of ccRCC patients. The risk score was successfully verified by further using Arrayexpress cohort. Conclusion We analyze MCM2-7 mRNA and protein levels in ccRCC. MCM7 is determined to promote tumor proliferation. Meanwhile, our study has determined a risk score model composed of MCM2-7 can predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients, which may help future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junneng Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Department, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Junneng Zhang, ; Qingshui Wang,
| | - Huanzong Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Department, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Department, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingshui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junneng Zhang, ; Qingshui Wang,
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Xu Y, Yang X, Si T, Yu H, Li Y, Xing W, Guo Z. MCM4 in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a potent prognostic factor associated with cell proliferation. Biosci Trends 2021; 15:100-106. [PMID: 33716256 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2021.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major public health problem. MCM4, a constitutive member of the minichromosomal maintenance protein family, has been reported to play a vital role in cancer malignancy behavior. However, the function of MCM4 in HCC remains largely unknown. The present study explored the specific role of MCM4 in HCC. The data from public datasets including TCGA and GTEx showed that MCM4 was overexpressed in HCC and significantly associated with poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry results from 102 HCC patients suggested that high-level expression of MCM4 was correlated with tumor size. Then a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to investigate the function of MCM4 in HCC tumor cells. MCM4 silencing suppressed the cell proliferation and sphere formation of hepatoma cells. Moreover, silencing MCM4 significantly decreased the growth of tumors in a xenograft tumor model. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that MCM4 was a potential prognostic predictor associated with poor outcomes of HCC patients and even a therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueling Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongguo Si
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenge Xing
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Zheng R, Lai G, Li R, Hao Y, Cai L, Jia J. Increased expression of MCM4 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:153-173. [PMID: 33708433 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein complex is important for DNA replication. Moreover, the expression of specific MCM complex components has been associated with the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the expression and functional roles of minichromosome maintenance complex component 4 (MCM4) in HCC development and progression have not yet been explored. We analyzed the expression and clinical significance of MCM4, including its association with liver cancer patient survival. Methods Oncomine, UALCAN, and HCCDB (a database of HCC expression atlas) were used to characterize the expression of MCM4 in tumor and normal tissues. The expression of MCM4 at the protein level was confirmed based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) data obtained from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. The level of MCM4 was measured in tumor and adjacent normal tissues by RT-qPCR, western blot and IHC staining. The copy number alterations (CNAs) and mutations in MCM4 were analyzed by cBioPortal, whereas the co-expression genes of MCM4 in HCC were obtained from Oncomine, and used for gene ontology and pathway analysis via the NetworkAnalyst 3.0 tool, to explore the predictive signaling pathway in HCC. Results The levels of MCM4 messenger (m)RNA and protein were found to be significantly higher in liver cancer tissues than in normal liver tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the upregulation of MCM4 was significantly negatively correlated with the survival of HCC patients. Conclusions Our data suggest that MCM4 may be used as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruinian Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Guowei Lai
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Rongfa Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanyan Hao
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Limin Cai
- Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jun Jia
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
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17
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Cao T, Yi SJ, Wang LX, Zhao JX, Xiao J, Xie N, Zeng Z, Han Q, Tang HO, Li YK, Zou J, Wu Q. Identification of the DNA Replication Regulator MCM Complex Expression and Prognostic Significance in Hepatic Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3574261. [PMID: 32964028 PMCID: PMC7499325 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3574261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microliposome maintenance (MCM) complex, MCM2-7, is revealed to be involved in multiple cellular processes and plays a key role in the development and progression of human cancers. However, the MCM complex remains poorly elaborated in hepatic carcinoma (HCC). METHODS In the study, we found the mRNA and protein level by bioinformatics. We also explored the prognostic value, genetic alteration, interaction network, and functional enrichment of MCM2-7. The MCM expression and correlation among these MCMs in HCC cell lines were identified by western blot. RESULTS MCM2-7 was significantly increased in HCC tissues compared to normal liver tissues. The high level of MCM2-7 had a positive correlation with poor prognosis. However, MCM2-7 alterations were not correlated with poor OS. MCMs were both increased in HCC cell lines compared to the normal hepatocyte cell line. Furthermore, the positive correlation was found among MCMs in HCC cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The MCM complex was increased in HCC tissues and cell lines and negatively correlated with prognosis, which might be important biomarkers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cao
- Department of Digestive Medical, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Shi-jie Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Li-xin Wang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juan-xia Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Department of Digestive Medical, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Hai-ou Tang
- Jishou University College of Medicine, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Yu-kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Digestive Medical, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
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Zhang J, Wang JL, Zhang CY, Ma YF, Zhao R, Wang YY. The prognostic role of FZD6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:1172-1179. [PMID: 31748958 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a kind of cancer with heterogeneous biological characteristics, which is affected by a complex network of gene interactions. Identification of molecular biomarkers paves the way for individualized therapy based on gene expression profiles, which can overcome the heterogeneity of ESCC. METHODS In this study, GSE20347, GSE23400 and GSE45670 datasets were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in three datasets were screened. Then the overlapping DEGs function was annotated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway-enrichment analysis. The prognostic value of the top five KEGG pathway-related genes were further validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. After extensive statistical analysis, four genes (CDC25B, CXCL8, FZD6 and MCM4) were identified as potential prognostic markers. Among the four candidate genes, the prognostic value of FZD6 in ESCC patients has not been evaluated. Therefore, we finally used immunohistochemistry method to evaluate the effect of FZD6 on the prognosis of patients with ESCC. Additionally, we detected the expression level of FZD6 in ESCC cell line and normal esophageal epithelial cell line, and observed the cell viability of ESCC cell line after FZD6 knockdown. RESULTS The results showed that the overexpression of FZD6 predicted poor overall survival (OS) (P = 0.005) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.004) in ESCC patients. COX regression analysis showed that N stage (P = 0.026) and FZD6 expression level (P = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors of OS for ESCC patients. Furthermore, compared with normal esophageal epithelial cell line, the up-regulation of FZD6 was detected in ESCC cell line. Knockdown of FZD6 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of ESCC cells (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION CDC25B, CXCL8, FZD6 and MCM4 were screened as candidate genes for prognosis assessment of patients with ESCC. The prognostic role of FZD6 in ESCC patients was confirmed in current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.,The First Peoples Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - J-L Wang
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - C-Y Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No.804 Shengli Str., Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese Armed Police Force Border Defence Force, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Y-F Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - R Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No.804 Shengli Str., Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Y-Y Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No.804 Shengli Str., Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Apellániz D, Pereira-Prado V, Sicco E, Vigil-Bastitta G, González-González R, Mosqueda-Taylor A, Molina-Frechero N, Hernandez M, Sánchez-Romero C, Bologna-Molina R. Comparative Study of the Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins Complex (MCM 4/5/6) in Ameloblastoma and Unicystic Ameloblastoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2018; 26:714-720. [PMID: 29845895 DOI: 10.1177/1066896918778341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solid/conventional ameloblastoma (AM) and unicystic ameloblastoma (UAM) are the most frequent benign epithelial odontogenic tumors located in the maxillary region, and their treatment usually consists of extensive surgical resection. Therefore, it is relevant to study molecular markers to better understand the biological behavior of these tumors. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the expression of proteins related to cellular proliferation: Ki-67 and MCM4-6 complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS An immunohistochemistry technique was performed, with antibodies against Ki-67, MCM4, MCM5, and MCM6, in 10 AM and 10 UAM tumors. The results were quantified using label index and analyzed statistically. RESULTS AM and UAM had greater expression of MCM6, followed by MCM5, MCM4, and Ki-67 ( P < .05). Immunoexpression of Ki-67 and MCM5 was exclusively nuclear, whereas the expression of MCM4 and MCM6 was nuclear and cytoplasmic. CONCLUSION The results suggest that MCM5 is a trustable cell proliferation marker with higher sensitivity compared with Ki-67 and may be useful to predict the biological behavior of AM and UAM. Despite this, further studies are necessary, including a correlation with clinical parameters to confirm these findings.
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Mughal MJ, Mahadevappa R, Kwok HF. DNA replication licensing proteins: Saints and sinners in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 58:11-21. [PMID: 30502375 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA replication is all-or-none process in the cell, meaning, once the DNA replication begins it proceeds to completion. Hence, to achieve maximum control of DNA replication, eukaryotic cells employ a multi-subunit initiator protein complex known as "pre-replication complex or DNA replication licensing complex (DNA replication LC). This complex involves multiple proteins which are origin-recognition complex family proteins, cell division cycle-6, chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1, and minichromosome maintenance family proteins. Higher-expression of DNA replication LC proteins appears to be an early event during development of cancer since it has been a common hallmark observed in a wide variety of cancers such as oesophageal, laryngeal, pulmonary, mammary, colorectal, renal, urothelial etc. However, the exact mechanisms leading to the abnormally high expression of DNA replication LC have not been clearly deciphered. Increased expression of DNA replication LC leads to licensing and/or firing of multiple origins thereby inducing replication stress and genomic instability. Therapeutic approaches where the reduction in the activity of DNA replication LC was achieved either by siRNA or shRNA techniques, have shown increased sensitivity of cancer cell lines towards the anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, hydroxyurea etc. Thus, the expression level of DNA replication LC within the cell determines a cell's fate thereby creating a paradox where DNA replication LC acts as both "Saint" and "Sinner". With a potential to increase sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs, DNA replication LC proteins have prospective clinical importance in fighting cancer. Hence, in this review, we will shed light on importance of DNA replication LC with an aim to use DNA replication LC in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer in patients as well as possible therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jameel Mughal
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Ravikiran Mahadevappa
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau.
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21
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Seo YS, Kang YH. The Human Replicative Helicase, the CMG Complex, as a Target for Anti-cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:26. [PMID: 29651420 PMCID: PMC5885281 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA helicases unwind or rearrange duplex DNA during replication, recombination and repair. Helicases of many pathogenic organisms such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa have been studied as potential therapeutic targets to treat infectious diseases, and human DNA helicases as potential targets for anti-cancer therapy. DNA replication machineries perform essential tasks duplicating genome in every cell cycle, and one of the important functions of these machineries are played by DNA helicases. Replicative helicases are usually multi-subunit protein complexes, and the minimal complex active as eukaryotic replicative helicase is composed of 11 subunits, requiring a functional assembly of two subcomplexes and one protein. The hetero-hexameric MCM2-7 helicase is activated by forming a complex with Cdc45 and the hetero-tetrameric GINS complex; the Cdc45-Mcm2-7-GINS (CMG) complex. The CMG complex can be a potential target for a treatment of cancer and the feasibility of this replicative helicase as a therapeutic target has been tested recently. Several different strategies have been implemented and are under active investigations to interfere with helicase activity of the CMG complex. This review focuses on the molecular function of the CMG helicase during DNA replication and its relevance to cancers based on data published in the literature. In addition, current efforts made to identify small molecules inhibiting the CMG helicase to develop anti-cancer therapeutic strategies were summarized, with new perspectives to advance the discovery of the CMG-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Soo Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Core Protein Resources Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
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Neves H, Kwok HF. In sickness and in health: The many roles of the minichromosome maintenance proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:295-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Choy B, LaLonde A, Que J, Wu T, Zhou Z. MCM4 and MCM7, potential novel proliferation markers, significantly correlated with Ki-67, Bmi1, and cyclin E expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and precancerous lesions. Hum Pathol 2016; 57:126-135. [PMID: 27476776 PMCID: PMC5250507 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Minichromosomal maintenance (MCM) proteins are participants of DNA replication and may represent more accurate markers in determining the proliferative fraction within a tumor than proliferative marker Ki-67. Our study investigated the correlation between MCM4 and MCM7 expression and Ki-67, Bmi1, and cyclin E expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and precancerous lesions. MCM4 and MCM7 expression had similar distribution as Ki-67 and Bmi1 expression in esophageal carcinoma and pre-cancerous lesions. The mean percentage of MCM4, MCM7, and Ki-67 expression increased from squamous epithelium (5.5%, 7.3%, and 5.9%, respectively), to columnar cell metaplasia (11.2, 13.5%, and 3.4%), Barrett's esophagus (27.7%, 35.3%, and 8.3%), low-grade dysplasia (42.6%, 52.2%, and 12.9%), high-grade dysplasia (63.2%, 77.7%, and 29.6%), adenocarcinoma (61.3%, 75.5%, and 24.5%), and squamous cell carcinoma (74.1, 85.4%, and 36.3%). The percentages of MCM4 and MCM7 expression were significantly higher than Ki-67 expression. Using univariate analysis we found a high percentage of MCM4 expression (>70%) to be significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and shorter survival in the adenocarcinoma group. We also demonstrated the percentage of MCM4 and MCM7 expression to be significantly correlated with Ki-67, Bmi1, and cyclin E expression in esophageal carcinoma and precancerous lesions. MCM4 and MCM7 may serve as more sensitive proliferative markers for the evaluation of esophageal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Choy
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Amy LaLonde
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jianwen Que
- Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032
| | - Tongtong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Zhongren Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642.
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Establishment of a new OSCC cell line derived from OLK and identification of malignant transformation-related proteins by differential proteomics approach. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12668. [PMID: 26234610 PMCID: PMC4522661 DOI: 10.1038/srep12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is usually preceded by the oral premalignant lesions, mainly oral leukoplakia (OLK) after repeated insults of carcinogens, tobacco. B(a)P and DMBA are key carcinogens in tobacco smoke. In the present study, for the first time we established the cancerous cell line OSCC-BD induced by B(a)P/DMBA mixture and transformed from dysplastic oral leukoplakia cell line DOK. Cell morphology, proliferation ability, migration ability, colony formation, and tumorigenicity were studied and confirmed the malignant characteristics of OSCC-BD cells. We further identified the differential proteins between DOK and OSCC-BD cells by stable isotope dimethyl labeling based quantitative proteomic method, which showed 18 proteins up-regulated and 16 proteins down-regulated with RSD < 8%. Differential proteins are mainly related to cell cycle, cell proliferation, DNA replication, RNA splicing and apoptosis. Abberant binding function, catalysis activity and transportor activity of differential proteins might contribute to the malignant transformation of OLK. Of the 34 identified differential proteins with RSD < 8%, 13 novel cancer-related proteins were reported in the present study. This study might provide a new insight into the mechanism of OLK malignant transformation and the potent biomarkers for early diagnosis, meanwhile further facilitate the application of the quantification proteomics to carcinogenesis research.
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Cheng L, Wang P, Yang S, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Xiao H, Gao H, Zhang Q. Identification of genes with a correlation between copy number and expression in gastric cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:14. [PMID: 22559327 PMCID: PMC3441862 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To elucidate gene expression associated with copy number changes, we performed a genome-wide copy number and expression microarray analysis of 25 pairs of gastric tissues. Methods We applied laser capture microdissection (LCM) to obtain samples for microarray experiments and profiled DNA copy number and gene expression using 244K CGH Microarray and Human Exon 1.0 ST Microarray. Results Obviously, gain at 8q was detected at the highest frequency (70%) and 20q at the second (63%). We also identified molecular genetic divergences for different TNM-stages or histological subtypes of gastric cancers. Interestingly, the C20orf11 amplification and gain at 20q13.33 almost separated moderately differentiated (MD) gastric cancers from poorly differentiated (PD) type. A set of 163 genes showing the correlations between gene copy number and expression was selected and the identified genes were able to discriminate matched adjacent noncancerous samples from gastric cancer samples in an unsupervised two-way hierarchical clustering. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for 4 genes (C20orf11, XPO5, PUF60, and PLOD3) of the 163 genes validated the microarray results. Notably, some candidate genes (MCM4 and YWHAZ) and its adjacent genes such as PRKDC, UBE2V2, ANKRD46, ZNF706, and GRHL2, were concordantly deregulated by genomic aberrations. Conclusions Taken together, our results reveal diverse chromosomal region alterations for different TNM-stages or histological subtypes of gastric cancers, which is helpful in researching clinicopathological classification, and highlight several interesting genes as potential biomarkers for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kikuchi J, Kinoshita I, Shimizu Y, Kikuchi E, Takeda K, Aburatani H, Oizumi S, Konishi J, Kaga K, Matsuno Y, Birrer MJ, Nishimura M, Dosaka-Akita H. Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein 4 as a marker for proliferation and its clinical and clinicopathological significance in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2010; 72:229-37. [PMID: 20884074 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins 2-7 form a complex essential for the initiation of DNA replication. In the process to screen expression changes related to growth suppression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by a cJun dominant-negative mutant, we found that reduced expression of MCM4 was correlated with this growth suppression. METHOD We determined the relevance of MCM4 in proliferation of NSCLC by downregulating its expression with small-interfering RNA in three NSCLC cell lines. We then immunohistochemically analyzed MCM4 expression in 156 surgically resected NSCLCs to correlate clinicopathologic characteristics. RESULTS MCM4 downregulation reduced proliferation in two cell lines. MCM4 expression was higher in cancer cells than in adjacent normal bronchial epithelial cells (p<0.001). High MCM4 expression was correlated with male gender, heavy smoking, poorer differentiation and non-adenocarcinoma histology (p<0.001, respectively). High MCM4 expression was also correlated with proliferation markers, Ki-67 and cyclin E expression (p<0.001, respectively). MCM4 expression was not associated with survival. CONCLUSION MCM4 may play an essential role in the proliferation of some NSCLC cells. Taken together with higher expression in NSCLCs and its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics such as non-adenocarcinoma histology, MCM4 may have potential as a therapeutic target in certain population with NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kikuchi
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Ahn JH, Chang HK. Expression of Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 7 and Smad 4 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2010.44.4.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Chang
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Gundelach H, Braas D, Klempnauer KH. The promoter regions of the Myb-regulated Adora2B and Mcm4 genes co-localize with origins of DNA replication. BMC Mol Biol 2007; 8:75. [PMID: 17822556 PMCID: PMC2018721 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-8-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The retroviral oncogene v-myb encodes a transcription factor (v-Myb) which is responsible for the transformation of myelomonocytic cells by avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). v-Myb is thought to exert its biological effects by deregulating the expression of specific target genes. We have recently demonstrated that the chicken Gas41 gene, whose promoter co-localizes with an origin of DNA replication, is a bona fide Myb target gene. Because of this finding we have asked whether other Myb-regulated genes are also associated with DNA replication origins. Results We show that the promoter region of the chicken adenosine receptor 2B gene (Adora2B), a known Myb-target gene, acts as a DNA replication origin. Furthermore, we have examined known replication origins for the presence of Myb binding sites. We found that the intergenic region between the genes for the minichromosome maintenance 4 protein (Mcm4) and the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (Prkdc), whose human counterpart has been identified as a replication origin, contains a number of Myb binding sites. Our data show that this region also acts as an origin of replication in chicken cells. Interestingly, we found that the chicken Mcm4 gene is also Myb-regulated. Conclusion Our work identifies the chicken Mcm4 gene as a novel Myb target gene and presents evidence for the co-localization of two novel origins of DNA replication with Myb-regulated genes. Our work raises the possibility that a fraction of Myb target gene promoters is associated with DNA replication origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Gundelach
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Braas
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MacDonald Research Laboratories, UCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA-90095-1662, USA
| | - Karl-Heinz Klempnauer
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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