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Mamun AA, Uddin MS, Perveen A, Jha NK, Alghamdi BS, Jeandet P, Zhang HJ, Ashraf GM. Inflammation-targeted nanomedicine against brain cancer: From design strategies to future developments. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:101-116. [PMID: 36084815 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancer is an aggressive type of cancer with poor prognosis. While the immune system protects against cancer in the early stages, the tumor exploits the healing arm of inflammatory reactions to accelerate its growth and spread. Various immune cells penetrate the developing tumor region, establishing a pro-inflammatory tumor milieu. Additionally, tumor cells may release chemokines and cytokines to attract immune cells and promote cancer growth. Inflammation and its associated mechanisms in the progression of cancer have been extensively studied in the majority of solid tumors, especially brain tumors. However, treatment of the malignant brain cancer is hindered by several obstacles, such as the blood-brain barrier, transportation inside the brain interstitium, inflammatory mediators that promote tumor growth and invasiveness, complications in administering therapies to tumor cells specifically, the highly invasive nature of gliomas, and the resistance to drugs. To resolve these obstacles, nanomedicine could be a potential strategy that has facilitated advancements in diagnosing and treating brain cancer. Due to the numerous benefits provided by their small size and other features, nanoparticles have been a prominent focus of research in the drug-delivery field. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways in brain cancer as well as the recent advances in understanding the nano-carrier approaches for enhancing drug delivery to the brain in the treatment of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; The Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Palumbo P, Lombardi F, Augello FR, Giusti I, Dolo V, Leocata P, Cifone MG, Cinque B. Biological effects of selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 on human glioblastoma cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32435158 PMCID: PMC7222447 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inflammation-associated enzyme, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of glioblastoma (GBM). The poor survival of GBM was mainly associated with the presence of glioma stem cells (GSC) and the markedly inflammatory microenvironment. To further explore the involvement of COX-2 in glioma biology, the effects of NS398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, were evaluated on GSC derived from COX-2 expressing GBM cell lines, i.e., U87MG and T98G, in terms of neurospheres' growth, autophagy, and extracellular vesicle (EV) release. Methods Neurospheres' growth and morphology were evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Autophagy was measured by staining acidic vesicular organelles. Extracellular vesicles (EV), released from neurospheres, were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The autophagic proteins Beclin-1 and LC3B, as well as the EV markers CD63 and CD81, were analyzed by western blotting. The scratch assay test was used to evaluate the NS398 influence on GBM cell migration. Results Both cell lines were strongly influenced by NS398 exposure, as showed by morphological changes, reduced growth rate, and appearance of autophagy. Furthermore, the inhibitor led to a functional change of EV released by neurospheres. Indeed, EV secreted by NS398-treated GSC, but not those from control cells, were able to significantly inhibit adherent U87MG and T98G cell migration and induced autophagy in recipient cells, thus leading to effects quite similar to those directly caused by NS398 in the same cells. Conclusion Despite the intrinsic diversity and individual genetic features of U87MG and T98G, comparable effects were exerted by the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 on both GBM cell lines. Overall, our findings support the crucial role of the inflammatory-associated COX-2/PGE2 system in glioma and glioma stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Pietro Leocata
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Cruickshanks N, Zhang Y, Hine S, Gibert M, Yuan F, Oxford M, Grello C, Pahuski M, Dube C, Guessous F, Wang B, Deveau C, Saoud K, Gallagher I, Wulfkuhle J, Schiff D, Phan S, Petricoin E, Abounader R. Discovery and Therapeutic Exploitation of Mechanisms of Resistance to MET Inhibitors in Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:663-673. [PMID: 30201763 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most lethal primary malignant brain tumor. The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is frequently upregulated or overactivated in GBM. Although clinically applicable MET inhibitors have been developed, resistance to single modality anti-MET drugs frequently occurs, rendering these agents ineffective. We aimed to determine the mechanisms of MET inhibitor resistance in GBM and use the acquired information to develop novel therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance.Experimental Design: We investigated two clinically applicable MET inhibitors: crizotinib, an ATP-competitive small molecule inhibitor of MET, and onartuzumab, a monovalent monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of the MET receptor. We developed new MET inhibitor-resistant cells lines and animal models and used reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) and functional assays to uncover the compensatory pathways in MET inhibitor-resistant GBM. RESULTS We identified critical proteins that were altered in MET inhibitor-resistant GBM including mTOR, FGFR1, EGFR, STAT3, and COX-2. Simultaneous inhibition of MET and one of these upregulated proteins led to increased cell death and inhibition of cell proliferation in resistant cells compared with either agent alone. In addition, in vivo treatment of mice bearing MET-resistant orthotopic xenografts with COX-2 or FGFR pharmacological inhibitors in combination with MET inhibitor restored sensitivity to MET inhibition and significantly inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS These data uncover the molecular basis of adaptive resistance to MET inhibitors and identify new FDA-approved multidrug therapeutic combinations that can overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola Cruickshanks
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sarah Hine
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Myron Gibert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Madison Oxford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Cassandra Grello
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mary Pahuski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Collin Dube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Fadila Guessous
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,University Mohammed 6 for Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Baomin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ciana Deveau
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Karim Saoud
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Isela Gallagher
- George Mason University Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Julia Wulfkuhle
- George Mason University Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | - David Schiff
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - See Phan
- Genentech Inc. South San Francisco, California
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- George Mason University Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. .,Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,The Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Qiu J, Shi Z, Jiang J. Cyclooxygenase-2 in glioblastoma multiforme. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:148-156. [PMID: 27693715 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most prevalent brain primary tumor, yet there is a lack of effective treatment. With current therapies, fewer than 5% of patients with GBM survive more than 5 years after diagnosis. Mounting evidence from epidemiological studies reveals that the regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is correlated with reduced incidence of GBM, suggesting that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its major product within the brain, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), are involved in the development and progression of GBM. Here, we highlight our current understanding of COX-2 in GBM proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression by focusing on recent in vitro and in vivo experimental data. We also discuss the feasibility of COX-2 as a therapeutic target for GBM in light of the latest human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiange Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA.
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Wang X, Chen Y, Zhang S, Zhang L, Liu X, Zhang L, Li X, Chen D. Co-expression of COX-2 and 5-LO in primary glioblastoma is associated with poor prognosis. J Neurooncol 2015; 125:277-85. [PMID: 26334317 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) are important factors in tumorigenesis and malignant progression; however, studies of their roles in glioblastoma have produced conflicting results. To define the frequencies of COX-2 and 5-LO expression and their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis, tumor tissues from 76 cases of newly diagnosed primary ordinary glioblastoma were examined for COX-2 and 5-LO expression by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of COX-2 and 5-LO and the relationships between the co-expression of COX-2/5-LO and patient age and gender, edema index (EI), Karnofsky Performance Scale and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. COX-2 and 5-LO were expressed in 73.7 % (56/76) and 92.1 % (70/76) of the samples, respectively. Among the clinicopathological characteristics, only age (>60 years) exhibited a significant association with the high expression of COX-2. No statistically significant correlations were found in the 5-LO cohort. A significant positive correlation was revealed between the COX-2 and 5-LO scores (r = 0.374; p = 0.001). The elevated co-expression of COX-2 and 5-LO was observed primarily in the patients over the age of 60 years. Patients with a high expression of COX-2 had a significantly shorter OS (p < 0.01), whereas the immunoexpression of 5-LO was not associated with the OS of patients with glioblastoma. Survival analysis indicated that simultaneous high levels of COX-2 and 5-LO expression were significantly correlated with poor OS and, conversely, that a low/low expression pattern of these two proteins was significantly associated with better OS (p < 0.05). Moreover, the Cox multivariable proportional hazard model showed that a high expression of COX-2, high co-expression of COX-2 and 5-LO, and a high Ki-67 index were significant predictors of shorter OS in primary glioblastoma, independent of age, gender, EI, 5-LO expression and p53 status. The hazard ratios for OS were 2.347 (95 % CI 1.30-4.25, p = 0.005), 1.900 (95 % CI 1.30-2.78, p = 0.001), and 2.210 (95 % CI 1.19-4.09, p = 0.011), respectively. These results suggest that COX-2 and 5-LO play roles in tumorigenesis and the progression of primary glioblastoma and that the co-expression pattern of COX-2/5-LO may be used as an independent prognostic factor in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfu Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Province Governmental Hospital, No. 67 Guping Road, Gulou Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350003, China.
| | - Xueyong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
| | - Dayang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang Ditrict, Fuzhou City, 350005, China.
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Thuy MN, Kam JK, Lee GC, Tao PL, Ling DQ, Cheng M, Goh SK, Papachristos AJ, Shukla L, Wall KL, Smoll NR, Jones JJ, Gikenye N, Soh B, Moffat B, Johnson N, Drummond KJ. A novel literature-based approach to identify genetic and molecular predictors of survival in glioblastoma multiforme: Analysis of 14,678 patients using systematic review and meta-analytical tools. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:785-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wang G, Dai F, Yu K, Jia Z, Zhang A, Huang Q, Kang C, Jiang H, Pu P. Resveratrol inhibits glioma cell growth via targeting oncogenic microRNAs and multiple signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1739-47. [PMID: 25646654 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res), a natural polyphenolic compound, has anticancer activity in a variety of cancers. In the present study, the antitumor effect and underlying molecular mechanism of Res on rat C6 glioma growth was studied. The results demonstrated that Res inhibited glioma cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle in S phase and induced apoptosis in vitro. Res also suppressed intracranial C6 tumor growth in vivo and prolonged survival in a fraction of the rats bearing intracranial gliomas. Res significantly downregulated the specific miRs, including miR-21, miR-30a-5p and miR-19, which have been identified as oncomiRs in our previous studies, and altered the expression of their targeting and crucial genes for glioma formation and progression such as p53, PTEN, EGFR, STAT3, COX-2, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Therefore, the anti-glioma effect of Res, at least in part, is through the regulation of oncogenic miRNAs. The effect of Res on non-coding RNAs should be studied further. Res is a potential multi-targeting drug for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiu Wang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zhifan Jia
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Anling Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Peiyu Pu
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Abstract
Macrophages themselves are a heterogeneous mixture of cells which mediate their effects not only through phagocytosis but also through the production of various soluble factors such as cytokines and chemokines. The most important function of macrophages is the defense of the body against pathogen aggressions. However, when recruited within neoplastic tissues, tumor-associated macrophages polarize differently and do not predominantly exert their immune function but rather favor tumor growth and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh C Dandekar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M. A. Rangoonwala's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Azam Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Akla N, Pratt J, Annabi B. Concanavalin-A triggers inflammatory response through JAK/STAT3 signalling and modulates MT1-MMP regulation of COX-2 in mesenchymal stromal cells. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2498-506. [PMID: 22971618 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting of inflammation through STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways is, among other inflammatory biomarkers, associated with cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition and is believed to play a crucial role in prevention and therapy of cancer. Recently, inflammatory factors were found to impact on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) contribution to tumor angiogenesis. Given MSC chemotaxis and cell survival are regulated, in part, by the membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), an MMP also involved in transducing NF-κB intracellular signaling pathways, we tested whether STAT3 regulation by MT1-MMP may also contribute to the expression balance of COX-2 in MSC. We demonstrate that STAT3 phosphorylation was triggered in MSC treated with the MT1-MMP inducer lectin Concanavalin-A (ConA), and that this phosphorylation was abrogated by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490. MT1-MMP gene silencing significantly inhibited ConA-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and this was correlated with reduced proMMP-2 activation and COX-2 expression. On the other hand, STAT3 gene silencing potentiated ConA-induced COX-2 expression, providing evidence for a new MT1-MMP/JAK/STAT3 signaling axis that may, in part, explain how MT1-MMP contributes to proinflammatory intracellular signaling. Given that MSC are avidly recruited within inflammatory microenvironments and within experimental vascularizing tumors, these mechanistic observations support a possible dual control of cell adaptation to inflammation by MT1-MMP and that may enable MSC to be active participants within inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoufal Akla
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de recherche BIOMED, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3P8
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A role for MT1-MMP as a cell death sensor/effector through the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in U87 glioblastoma cells. J Neurooncol 2010; 104:33-43. [PMID: 21088866 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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The lectin concanavalin-A signals MT1-MMP catalytic independent induction of COX-2 through an IKKgamma/NF-kappaB-dependent pathway. J Cell Commun Signal 2010; 4:31-8. [PMID: 20195390 PMCID: PMC2821472 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-009-0084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The lectin from Canavalia ensiformis (Concanavalin-A, ConA), one of the most abundant lectins known, enables one to mimic biological lectin/carbohydrate interactions that regulate extracellular matrix protein recognition. As such, ConA is known to induce membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) which expression is increased in brain cancer. Given that MT1-MMP correlated to high expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in gliomas with increasing histological grade, we specifically assessed the early proinflammatory cellular signaling processes triggered by ConA in the regulation of COX-2. We found that treatment with ConA or direct overexpression of a recombinant MT1-MMP resulted in the induction of COX-2 expression. This increase in COX-2 was correlated with a concomitant decrease in phosphorylated AKT suggestive of cell death induction, and was independent of MT1-MMP's catalytic function. ConA- and MT1-MMP-mediated intracellular signaling of COX-2 was also confirmed in wild-type and in Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) p65(-/-) mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), but was abrogated in NF-kappaB1 (p50)(-/-) and in I kappaB kinase (IKK) gamma(-/-) mutant MEF cells. Collectively, our results highlight an IKK/NF-kappaB-dependent pathway linking MT1-MMP-mediated intracellular signaling to the induction of COX-2. That signaling pathway could account for the inflammatory balance responsible for the therapy resistance phenotype of glioblastoma cells, and prompts for the design of new therapeutic strategies that target cell surface carbohydrate structures and MT1-MMP-mediated signaling. Concise summary Concanavalin-A (ConA) mimics biological lectin/carbohydrate interactions that regulate the proinflammatory phenotype of cancer cells through yet undefined signaling. Here we highlight an IKK/NF-kappaB-dependent pathway linking MT1-MMP-mediated intracellular signaling to the induction of cyclooxygenase-2, and that could be responsible for the therapy resistance phenotype of glioblastoma cells.
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12
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Kim YM, Park SY, Pyo H. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) negatively regulates expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and causes resistance to gefitinib in COX-2-overexpressing cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1367-77. [PMID: 19671676 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been detected in many types of cancer. Although COX-2 and EGFR are closely related to each other, the exact mechanism of COX-2 in tumors has not been well understood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between COX-2 and EGFR in cancer cells. Using two cell lines stably overexpressing COX-2 (HCT-116-COX-2 and H460-COX-2) and a stable line of COX-2 knockdown MOR-P cells, we analyzed patterns of COX-2 and EGFR expression. To observe the effects of COX-2 on EGFR expression and activity, we did comparative analyses after treatment with various drugs (EGF, celecoxib, prostaglandin E(2), gefitinib, Ro-31-8425, PD98059, and SP600125) in HCT-116-Mock versus HCT-116-COX-2 cells and H460-Mock versus H460-COX-2 cells. Overexpression of COX-2 specifically down-regulated EGFR expression at the level of transcription. COX-2-overexpressing cells have a decreased sensitivity to gefitinib. COX-2 induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) but suppressed Akt activation. JNK inhibition by SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor, resulted in restoration of EGFR levels in COX-2-overexpressing cells, whereas ERK inhibition by PD98059 did not. Overexpressed COX-2 negatively regulates EGFR expression via JNK activation, leading to gefitinib resistance. COX-2 may also regulate ERK activity independently of EGFR. Therefore, resistance of COX-2-overexpressing cells to gefitinib may be due to decreased expression of EGFR by JNK activation and EGFR-independent elevation of ERK activity by COX-2. The ability of COX-2 to inhibit EGFR expression and gefitinib effects may have significance in clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mee Kim
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu-1-dong, Ilsan-donggu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
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Annabi B, Laflamme C, Sina A, Lachambre MP, Béliveau R. A MT1-MMP/NF-kappaB signaling axis as a checkpoint controller of COX-2 expression in CD133+ U87 glioblastoma cells. J Neuroinflammation 2009; 6:8. [PMID: 19272160 PMCID: PMC2655289 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-6-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The CD133(+) stem cell population in recurrent gliomas is associated with clinical features such as therapy resistance, blood-brain barrier disruption and, hence, tumor infiltration. Screening of a large panel of glioma samples increasing histological grade demonstrated frequencies of CD133(+) cells which correlated with high expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). Methods We used qRT-PCR and immunoblotting to examine the molecular interplay between MT1-MMP and COX-2 gene and protein expression in parental, CD133(+), and neurospheres U87 glioma cell cultures. Results We found that CD133, COX-2 and MT1-MMP expression were enhanced when glioma cells were cultured in neurosphere conditions. A CD133(+)-enriched U87 glioma cell population, isolated from parental U87 cells with magnetic cell sorting technology, also grew as neurospheres and showed enhanced COX-2 expression. MT1-MMP gene silencing antagonized COX-2 expression in neurospheres, while overexpression of recombinant MT1-MMP directly triggered COX-2 expression in U87 cells independent from MT1-MMP's catalytic function. COX-2 induction by MT1-MMP was also validated in wild-type and in NF-κB p65-/- mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts, but was abrogated in NF-κB1 (p50-/-) mutant cells. Conclusion We provide evidence for enhanced COX-2 expression in CD133(+) glioma cells, and direct cell-based evidence of NF-κB-mediated COX-2 regulation by MT1-MMP. The biological significance of such checkpoint control may account for COX-2-dependent mechanisms of inflammatory balance responsible of therapy resistance phenotype of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Centre de Recherche BIOMED, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Epidermal growth factor-dependent cyclooxygenase-2 induction in gliomas requires protein kinase C-δ. Oncogene 2009; 28:1410-20. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Onguru O, Gamsizkan M, Ulutin C, Gunhan O. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression and angiogenesis in glioblastoma. Neuropathology 2008; 28:29-34. [PMID: 18181832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2007.00828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), the key enzyme that catalyzes the first steps in the biosynthesis of the prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, appears to play a role in the regulation of progression, invasiveness and angiogenesis of various neoplasms. We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of Cox-2 and angiogenic parameters (microvessel density (MVD) and vascular patterns) in 54 glioblastomas. We also examined their relation with prognosis. Cox-2 immunohistochemical expression was observed in 48 tumors (89%). There was no staining in six tumors (11%). On univariate analysis, MVD was correlated with a poor outcome (MVD > 70; hazard ratio, 0.441; 95% confidence interval, 0.200-0.975, P = 0.041). But MVD showed no prognostic impact on multivariate analysis. Neither Cox-2 expression nor vascular pattern showed prognostic value. The difference in Cox-2 expression between the classical and bizarre vascular pattern in glioblastomas was statistically significant (P = 0.047). However, no correlation was found between Cox-2 expression and MVD. These findings suggest that Cox-2 is heterogeneously expressed in glioblastomas without a significant association with MVD. However, Cox-2 expression may be related to vascular pattern in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Onguru
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
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16
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Grossman SA, Olson J, Batchelor T, Peereboom D, Lesser G, Desideri S, Ye X, Hammour T, Supko JG. Effect of phenytoin on celecoxib pharmacokinetics in patients with glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2008; 10:190-8. [PMID: 18287342 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2007-055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression has been linked to the prognosis, angiogenesis, and radiation sensitivity of many malignancies. Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, is predominantly eliminated by hepatic metabolism. This study was conducted to determine the effects of hepatic enzyme-inducing antiseizure drugs (EIASDs) on the pharmacokinetics of celecoxib. The safety of celecoxib administered with radiation for glioblastoma and the effect of the combined treatment on survival were also evaluated. Patients were stratified based on concomitant use of EIASDs. Celecoxib (400) mg was administered orally twice a day until tumor progression or dose-limiting toxicity. Standard radiation was administered without adjuvant chemotherapy. Sampling was performed to define the plasma concentration/time profile for the initial dose of celecoxib and steady-state trough concentrations. Thirty-five patients (22 +EIASD, 13 -EIASD) were enrolled. There were no significant differences in age, performance status, extent of surgery, or Mini Mental State Exam scores between the two cohorts. The treatment was well tolerated. All patients in the +EIASD arm were taking phenytoin. There were no significant differences in any celecoxib pharmacokinetic parameters between 15 +EIASD and 12 -EIASD patients. With 31 of 35 patients deceased, estimated median survival time for all patients was 12 months (+EIASD, 11.5 months; - EIASD, 16 months; p = 0.11). The pharmacokinetics of celecoxib is not significantly affected by the concomitant administration of phenytoin. Celecoxib administered during and after radiation is well tolerated. The potential difference in survival between the +EIASD and -EIASD groups deserves further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Grossman
- NABTT CNS Consortium, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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17
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Kuipers GK, Slotman BJ, Wedekind LE, Stoter TR, Berg JVD, Sminia P, Lafleur MVM. Radiosensitization of human glioma cells by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition: independent on COX-2 expression and dependent on the COX-2 inhibitor and sequence of administration. Int J Radiat Biol 2008; 83:677-85. [PMID: 17729162 DOI: 10.1080/09553000701558985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with a malignant glioma have a very poor prognosis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein is regularly upregulated in gliomas and might be a potential therapeutic target. The effects of three selective COX-2 inhibitors were studied on three human glioma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The selective COX-2 inhibitors NS-398, Celecoxib and Meloxicam and three human glioma cell lines (D384, U251 and U87) were used. Cell growth was assessed by a proliferation assay, the interaction with radiation (0 - 6 Gy) was studied using the clonogenic assay and cell cycle distribution was determined by FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) analysis. RESULTS All COX-2 inhibitors reduced proliferation of the glioma cell lines irrespective of their COX-2 expression level. Incubation with 200 microM NS-398 24 h before radiation enhanced radiation-induced cell death of D384 cells and 750 microM Meloxicam resulted in radiosensitization of D384 and U87 cells. No radiosensitization was observed with COX-2 inhibitor administration after radiotherapy. Treatment of D384 with NS-398 (200 microM) or Celecoxib (50 microM) and U87 with NS-398 (200 microM) after radiation resulted even in radioprotection. CONCLUSIONS Effectiveness of COX-2 inhibitors on cell proliferation and radio-enhancement was independent of COX-2 protein expression. The sequence of COX-2 inhibitor addition and irradiation is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitta K Kuipers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, division Radiobiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Abstract
Cohesive scientific evidence from molecular, animal, and human investigations supports the hypothesis that aberrant induction of COX-2 and up-regulation of the prostaglandin cascade play a significant role in carcinogenesis, and reciprocally, blockade of the process has strong potential for cancer prevention and therapy. Supporting evidence includes the following: [1] expression of constitutive COX-2-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis is induced by most cancer-causing agents including tobacco smoke and its components (polycylic aromatic amines, heterocyclic amines, nitrosamines), essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (unconjugated linoleic acid), mitogens, growth factors, proinflammatory cytokines, microbial agents, tumor promoters, and other epigenetic factors, [2] COX-2 expression is a characteristic feature of all premalignant neoplasms, [3] COX-2 expression is a characteristic feature of all malignant neoplasms, and expression intensifies with stage at detection and cancer progression and metastasis, [4] all essential features of carcinogenesis (mutagenesis, mitogenesis, angiogenesis, reduced apoptosis, metastasis, and immunosuppression) are linked to COX-2-driven prostaglandin (PGE-2) biosynthesis, [5] animal studies show that COX-2 up-regulation (in the absence of genetic mutations) is sufficient to stimulate the transformation of normal cells to invasive cancer and metastatic disease, [6] non-selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, reduce the risk of human cancer and precancerous lesions, and [7] selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, reduce the risk of human cancer and precancerous lesions at all anatomic sites thus far investigated. Results confirming that COX-2 blockade is effective for both cancer prevention and therapy have been tempered by observations that some COX2 inhibitors pose a risk to the cardiovascular system, and more studies are needed in order to determine if certain of these drugs can be taken at dosages that prevent cancer without increasing cardiovascular risk. It is emphasized that the "inflammogenesis model of cancer" is not mutually exclusive and may in fact be synergistic with the accumulation of somatic mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes or epigenetic factors in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall E Harris
- College of Medicine and School of Public Health, Center of Molecular Epidemiology and Environmental Health, The Ohio State University Medical Center, 310 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1240, USA
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Bijnsdorp IV, van den Berg J, Kuipers GK, Wedekind LE, Slotman BJ, van Rijn J, Lafleur MVM, Sminia P. Radiosensitizing potential of the selective cyclooygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor meloxicam on human glioma cells. J Neurooncol 2007; 85:25-31. [PMID: 17447009 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-007-9385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The COX-2 protein is frequently overexpressed in human malignant gliomas. This expression has been associated with their aggressive growth characteristics and poor prognosis for patients. Targeting the COX-2 pathway might improve glioma therapy. In this study, the effects of the selective COX-2 inhibitor meloxicam alone and in combination with irradiation were investigated on human glioma cells in vitro. A panel of three glioma cell lines (D384, U87 and U251) was used in the experiments from which U87 cells expressed constitutive COX-2. The response to meloxicam and irradiation (dose-range of 0-6 Gy) was determined by the clonogenic assay, cell proliferation was evaluated by growth analysis and cell cycle distribution by FACS. 24-72 h exposure to 250-750 microM meloxicam resulted in a time and dose dependent growth inhibition with an almost complete inhibition after 24 h for all cell lines. Exposure to 750 microM meloxicam for 24 h increased the fraction of cells in the radiosensitive G(2)/M cell cycle phase in D384 (18-27%) and U251 (17-41%) cells. 750 microM meloxicam resulted in radiosensitization of D384 (DMF:2.19) and U87 (DMF:1.25) cells, but not U251 cells (DMF:1.08). The selective COX-2 inhibitor meloxicam exerted COX-2 independent growth inhibition and radiosensitization of human glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene V Bijnsdorp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division Radiobiology, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
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Hau P, Kunz-Schughart L, Bogdahn U, Baumgart U, Hirschmann B, Weimann E, Mühleisen H, Ruemmele P, Steinbrecher A, Reichle A. Low-Dose Chemotherapy in Combination with COX-2 Inhibitors and PPAR-Gamma Agonists in Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas – A Phase II Study. Oncology 2007; 73:21-5. [DOI: 10.1159/000120028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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