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Trivedi T, Panchal K, Bhalala N, Trivedi P, Panchal H. Combined Detection of Copy Number Variations of MYCN and ALK using Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction to Identify High-Risk Patients with Neuroblastoma. World Neurosurg 2021; 159:e48-e57. [PMID: 34861448 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study sought to explore the significance of copy number variations (CNVs) of MYCN (v-myc myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived [avian]) and ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) genes individually as well as their combined impact on clinical outcome and overall survival of patients with neuroblastoma (NB). METHODS A total 71 individuals including healthy controls (n = 11), circulating DNA (n = 11), and primary tumors (n = 49) were evaluated to detect CNVs of MYCN and ALK genes using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. Data were correlated with univariate and multivariate survival analysis. RESULTS CNVs of MYCN and ALK were detected in 27% and 18.2% from circulating DNA samples. A statistically significant difference in CNVs was noted between healthy controls and circulating DNA samples for MYCN (P = 0.001) and ALK (P = 0.004) genes. Further, we noted >70% concordance in CNVs of MYCN (P = 0.030) and ALK (P = 0.040) from primary tumors and concordant plasma samples of patients with NB. Multivariate survival analysis for disease-free survival (P = 0.031) and overall survival (P = 0.011) showed that CNVs of both genes emerged at step 1 and thus remained as significant markers for predicting early recurrence and shorter survival, respectively, for patients with NB. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the analysis of circulating DNA by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction is a helpful technique to identify high-risk patients for aggressive therapy at an early stage of disease. We also concluded that codetection of MYCN and ALK is a more powerful tool for identifying high-risk patients with NB. Thus, this study showed a novel coordinately significant prognostic role of MYCN and ALK CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti Trivedi
- Clinical Carcinogenesis Laboratory, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - Kinjal Panchal
- Clinical Carcinogenesis Laboratory, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Neha Bhalala
- Clinical Carcinogenesis Laboratory, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Priti Trivedi
- Department of Oncopathology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Harsha Panchal
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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The DEAD-box protein family of RNA helicases: sentinels for a myriad of cellular functions with emerging roles in tumorigenesis. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:795-825. [PMID: 33656655 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DEAD-box RNA helicases comprise a family within helicase superfamily 2 and make up the largest group of RNA helicases. They are a profoundly conserved family of RNA-binding proteins, carrying a generic Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (D-E-A-D) motif that gives the family its name. Members of the DEAD-box family of RNA helicases are engaged in all facets of RNA metabolism from biogenesis to decay. DEAD-box proteins ordinarily function as constituents of enormous multi-protein complexes and it is believed that interactions with other components in the complexes might be answerable for the various capacities ascribed to these proteins. Therefore, their exact function is probably impacted by their interacting partners and to be profoundly context dependent. This may give a clarification to the occasionally inconsistent reports proposing that DEAD-box proteins have both pro- and anti-proliferative functions in cancer. There is emerging evidence that DEAD-box family of RNA helicases play pivotal functions in various cellular processes and in numerous cases have been embroiled in cellular proliferation and/or neoplastic transformation. In various malignancy types, DEAD-box RNA helicases have been reported to possess pro-proliferation or even oncogenic roles as well as anti-proliferative or tumor suppressor functions. Clarifying the exact function of DEAD-box helicases in cancer is probably intricate, and relies upon the cellular milieu and interacting factors. This review aims to summarize the current data on the numerous capacities that have been ascribed to DEAD-box RNA helicases. It also highlights their diverse actions upon malignant transformation in the various tumor types.
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The roles played by the MYCN, Trk, and ALK genes in neuroblastoma and neural development. Surg Today 2019; 49:721-727. [PMID: 30848386 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-019-01790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most frequent, yet distinctive and challenging childhood tumors. The uniqueness of this tumor depends on its biological markers, which classify neuroblastomas into favorable and unfavorable, with 5-year survival rates ranging from almost 100-30%. In this review, we focus on some biological factors that play major roles in neuroblastoma: MYCN, Trk, and ALK. The MYCN and Trk family genes have been studied for decades and are known to be crucial for the tumorigenesis and progression of neuroblastoma. ALK gene mutations have been recognized recently to be responsible for familial neuroblastomas. Each factor plays an important role in normal neural development, regulating cell proliferation or differentiation by activating several signaling pathways, and interacting with each other. These factors have been studied not only as prognostic factors, but also as targets of neuroblastoma therapy, and some clinical trials are ongoing. We review the basic aspects of MYCN, Trk, and ALK in both neural development and in neuroblastoma.
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Kim KW, Myers RA, Lee JH, Igartua C, Lee KE, Kim YH, Kim EJ, Yoon D, Lee JS, Hirota T, Tamari M, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Choi JM, Kim KE, Nicolae DL, Ober C, Sohn MH. Genome-wide association study of recalcitrant atopic dermatitis in Korean children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:678-684.e4. [PMID: 25935106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory skin disease. Most AD during infancy resolves during childhood, but moderate-to-severe AD with allergic sensitization is more likely to persist into adulthood and more often occurs with other allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE We sought to find susceptibility loci by performing the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AD in Korean children with recalcitrant AD, which was defined as moderate-to-severe AD with allergic sensitization. METHODS Our study included 246 children with recalcitrant AD and 551 adult control subjects with a negative history of both allergic disease and allergic sensitization. DNA from these subjects was genotyped; sets of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were imputed and used in the GWAS after quality control checks. RESULTS SNPs at a region on 13q21.31 were associated with recalcitrant AD at a genome-wide threshold of significance (P < 2.0 × 10(-8)). These associated SNPs are more than 1 Mb from the closest gene, protocadherin (PCDH)9. SNPs at 4 additional loci had P values of less than 1 × 10(-6), including SNPs at or near the neuroblastoma amplified sequence (NBAS; 2p24.3), thymus-expressed molecule involved in selection (THEMIS; 6q22.33), GATA3 (10p14), and S-phase cyclin A-associated protein in the ER (SCAPER; 15q24.3) genes. Further analysis of total serum IgE levels suggested 13q21.31 might be primarily an IgE locus, and analyses of published data demonstrated that SNPs at the 15q24.3 region are expression quantitative trait loci for 2 nearby genes, ISL2 and proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1), in immune cells. CONCLUSION Our GWAS of recalcitrant AD identified new susceptibility regions containing genes involved in epithelial cell function and immune dysregulation, 2 key features of AD, and potentially extend our understanding of their role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Rachel A Myers
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
| | - Dankyu Yoon
- Division of Allergy and Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
| | - Joo-Shil Lee
- Division of Allergy and Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
| | - Tomomitsu Hirota
- Laboratory for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tamari
- Laboratory for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Earn Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dan L Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill; Department of Medicine and Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Tagaya M, Arasaki K, Inoue H, Kimura H. Moonlighting functions of the NRZ (mammalian Dsl1) complex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:25. [PMID: 25364732 PMCID: PMC4206994 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Dsl1 complex, which comprises Dsl1, Tip20, and Sec39/Dsl3, has been shown to participate, as a vesicle-tethering complex, in retrograde trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. Its metazoan counterpart NRZ complex, which comprises NAG, RINT1, and ZW10, is also involved in Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, but each component of the complex has diverse cellular functions including endosome-to-Golgi transport, cytokinesis, cell cycle checkpoint, autophagy, and mRNA decay. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the metazoan NRZ complex and discuss the "moonlighting" functions and intercorrelation of their subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Tagaya
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kohei Arasaki
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji, Japan
| | - Hana Kimura
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji, Japan
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Villamón E, Berbegall AP, Piqueras M, Tadeo I, Castel V, Djos A, Martinsson T, Navarro S, Noguera R. Genetic instability and intratumoral heterogeneity in neuroblastoma with MYCN amplification plus 11q deletion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53740. [PMID: 23341988 PMCID: PMC3544899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Genetic analysis in neuroblastoma has identified the profound influence of MYCN amplification and 11q deletion in patients’ prognosis. These two features of high-risk neuroblastoma usually occur as mutually exclusive genetic markers, although in rare cases both are present in the same tumor. The purpose of this study was to characterize the genetic profile of these uncommon neuroblastomas harboring both these high-risk features. Methods We selected 18 neuroblastomas with MNA plus 11q loss detected by FISH. Chromosomal aberrations were analyzed using Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism array techniques. Results and Conclusion This group of tumors has approximately the same high frequency of aberrations as found earlier for 11q deleted tumors. In some cases, DNA instability generates genetic heterogeneity, and must be taken into account in routine genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Villamón
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana P. Berbegall
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Piqueras
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Tadeo
- Research Foundation of Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Castel
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Djos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Members of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases are known to be involved in most cellular processes that require manipulation of RNA structure and, in many cases, exhibit other functions in addition to their established ATP-dependent RNA helicase activities. They thus play critical roles in cellular metabolism and in many cases have been implicated in cellular proliferation and/or neoplastic transformation. These proteins generally act as components of multi-protein complexes; therefore their precise role is likely to be influenced by their interacting partners and to be highly context-dependent. This may also provide an explanation for the sometimes conflicting reports suggesting that DEAD box proteins have both pro- and anti-proliferative roles in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances V Fuller-Pace
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland.
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Wheeler HE, Gamazon ER, Stark AL, O'Donnell PH, Gorsic LK, Huang RS, Cox NJ, Dolan ME. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies variants associated with platinating agent susceptibility across populations. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2011; 13:35-43. [PMID: 21844884 PMCID: PMC3370147 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Platinating agents are used in the treatment of many cancers, yet they can induce toxicities and resistance that limit their utility. Using previously published and additional world population panels of diverse ancestry totaling 608 lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), we performed meta-analyses of over 3 million SNPs for both carboplatin- and cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. The most significant SNP in the carboplatin meta-analysis is located in an intron of NBAS (p = 5.1 × 10−7). The most significant SNP in the cisplatin meta-analysis is upstream of KRT16P2 (p = 5.8 × 10−7). We also show that cisplatin-susceptibility SNPs are enriched for carboplatin-susceptibility SNPs. Most of the variants that associate with platinum-induced cytotoxicity are polymorphic across multiple world populations; therefore, they could be tested in follow-up studies in diverse clinical populations. Seven genes previously implicated in platinating agent response, including BCL2, GSTM1, GSTT1, ERCC2, and ERCC6 were also implicated in our meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Wheeler
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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de Souza DRV, Sanabani SS, de Souza ACMF, Filho Odone V, Epelman S, Bendit I. Prognostic impact of MYCN, DDX1, TrkA, and TrkC gene transcripts expression in neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 56:749-56. [PMID: 21154590 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to define the mRNA expression profiles of MYCN, DDX1, TrkA, and TrkC in biopsy tumor samples from 64 Brazilian patients with neuroblastomas of different risk stages and to correlate altered expression with prognostic values. PROCEDURE Patients were retrospectively classified into low- (n = 11), intermediate- (n = 18), and high-risk (n = 35) groups using standard criteria. The mRNA levels of the above genes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Univariate analyses were performed and survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Of the 64 patients, 53% were female and 62.5% were older than 18 months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 40.3%, with inferior median OS in patients identified in the intermediate- and high-risk groups. A significant difference in OS with respect to TrkA mRNA expression was found for the high-risk group vs. either the low- or intermediate-risk groups (P < 0.01, log rank test). Within the intermediate-risk group, neuroblastoma patients with positive TrkA mRNA expression had better clinical outcomes than patients with no TrkA transcript expression (P = 0.004). Another difference in OS was only found between the intermediate- and high-risk groups (P < 0.027, log rank test). No significant correlation of mRNA expression and survival outcome could be detected for the MYCN, DDX1. CONCLUSIONS Positive expression of TrkA mRNA may be a clinically useful addition to the current risk classification system, allowing the identification of NB tumors with favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Raguer Valadão de Souza
- Laboratorio de Biologia Tumoral da Disciplina de Hematologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Santarius T, Shipley J, Brewer D, Stratton MR, Cooper CS. A census of amplified and overexpressed human cancer genes. Nat Rev Cancer 2010; 10:59-64. [PMID: 20029424 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrated genome-wide screens of DNA copy number and gene expression in human cancers have accelerated the rate of discovery of amplified and overexpressed genes. However, the biological importance of most of the genes identified in such studies remains unclear. In this Analysis, we propose a weight-of-evidence based classification system for identifying individual genes in amplified regions that are selected for during tumour development. In a census of the published literature we have identified 77 genes for which there is good evidence of involvement in the development of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Santarius
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Subramaniam MM, Piqueras M, Navarro S, Noguera R. Aberrant copy numbers of ALK gene is a frequent genetic alteration in neuroblastomas. Hum Pathol 2009; 40:1638-42. [PMID: 19656550 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A total of 50 neuroblastomas were assessed for frequency of ALK gene copy number aberrations by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization using a break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization probe. The data were compared with status of MYCN, 11q, 17q, and 1p36. We observed ALK aberrations (amplification, 1 of 45; gain, 15 of 45 and loss/imbalance, 11 of 45) in a total of 27 (60%) of 45 neuroblastomas. Synchronic MYCN and ALK aberrations accounted for 23 of 45 (51%) tumors; however, MYCN alterations were also detected in 11 (60%) of 18 tumors without ALK aberrations. Our data suggest that copy number aberrations of the ALK gene is a frequent genetic event in the development of neuroblastomas. In addition, no correlation was observed between ALK aberrations and alterations of 11q, 17q, and 1p36.
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Aoki T, Ichimura S, Itoh A, Kuramoto M, Shinkawa T, Isobe T, Tagaya M. Identification of the neuroblastoma-amplified gene product as a component of the syntaxin 18 complex implicated in Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum retrograde transport. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:2639-49. [PMID: 19369418 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-11-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntaxin 18, a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein implicated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane fusion, forms a complex with other SNAREs (BNIP1, p31, and Sec22b) and several peripheral membrane components (Sly1, ZW10, and RINT-1). In the present study, we showed that a peripheral membrane protein encoded by the neuroblastoma-amplified gene (NAG) is a subunit of the syntaxin 18 complex. NAG encodes a protein of 2371 amino acids, which exhibits weak similarity to yeast Dsl3p/Sec39p, an 82-kDa component of the complex containing the yeast syntaxin 18 orthologue Ufe1p. Under conditions favoring SNARE complex disassembly, NAG was released from syntaxin 18 but remained in a p31-ZW10-RINT-1 subcomplex. Binding studies showed that the extreme N-terminal region of p31 is responsible for the interaction with NAG and that the N- and the C-terminal regions of NAG interact with p31 and ZW10-RINT-1, respectively. Knockdown of NAG resulted in a reduction in the expression of p31, confirming their intimate relationship. NAG depletion did not substantially affect Golgi morphology and protein export from the ER, but it caused redistribution of Golgi recycling proteins accompanied by a defect in protein glycosylation. These results together suggest that NAG links between p31 and ZW10-RINT-1 and is involved in Golgi-to-ER transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Aoki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Fix A, Lucchesi C, Ribeiro A, Lequin D, Pierron G, Schleiermacher G, Delattre O, Janoueix-Lerosey I. Characterization of amplicons in neuroblastoma: high-resolution mapping using DNA microarrays, relationship with outcome, and identification of overexpressed genes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2008; 47:819-34. [PMID: 18553563 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatically acquired chromosomal imbalances are a key feature of neuroblastoma, a heterogeneous pediatric solid tumor. Among these alterations, genomic amplification targeting the MYCN oncogene and observed in about 25-30% of the cases, strongly correlates with advanced stage and poor outcome. In this work, we have used BAC and SNP arrays as well as gene expression arrays to characterize amplifications in neuroblastoma. Eighty-eight distinct BACs defining high-level amplification events were identified in 65 samples, including 43 tumors and 22 cell lines. Although the highest recurrence was observed on chromosome 2, clones on chromosomes 8, 12, 16, and 17 also revealed genomic amplification in several samples. A detailed analysis of the 2p22-2p25 MYCN containing region indicated highly complex patterns in a number of cases. Coamplifications involving MYCN and other regions were explored by FISH in three cell lines. High-resolution arrays then allowed us to further refine the mapping of 25 amplicons in 19 samples, either reducing the size of a single continuous amplicon or increasing the complexity by highlighting multiple noncontiguous regions of amplification. Combined analysis of gene expression profiling and array-CGH data indicated that 12 to 25% of the genes that are targeted by genomic amplification are actually over-expressed in tumor cells, several of them having already been implicated in cancer. Finally, our results suggest that the presence of amplicons localized outside of chromosome 2, in addition to MYCN amplification, may be linked to a particularly severe outcome in neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fix
- INSERM U830, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Godbout R, Li L, Liu RZ, Roy K. Role of DEAD box 1 in retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma. Future Oncol 2008; 3:575-87. [PMID: 17927523 DOI: 10.2217/14796694.3.5.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of hereditary and nonhereditary retinoblastoma led to the formulation of the two-hit hypothesis of cancer in the early 1970s. The two-hit hypothesis was validated in the 1980s when both copies of the RB1 gene were shown to be mutated in hereditary and nonhereditary retinoblastoma. However, consistent genetic abnormalities other than RB1 mutations suggest that additional events may be required for the formation of these malignant tumors. For example, MYCN amplification has long been known to occur in both retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma tumors and is strongly associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. The DEAD box gene, DEAD box 1 (DDX1), is often coamplified with MYCN in both these childhood tumors. Here, we examine possible roles for DDX1 overexpression in retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseline Godbout
- Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada.
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Stock C, Bozsaky E, Watzinger F, Poetschger U, Orel L, Lion T, Kowalska A, Ambros PF. Genes proximal and distal to MYCN are highly expressed in human neuroblastoma as visualized by comparative expressed sequence hybridization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 172:203-14. [PMID: 18165268 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.061263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
MYCN amplification is associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma disease. To improve our understanding of the influence of the MYCN amplicon and its corresponding expression, we investigated the 2p expression pattern of MYCN amplified (n = 13) and nonamplified (n = 4) cell lines and corresponding primary tumors (n = 3) using the comparative expressed sequence hybridization technique. All but one MYCN amplified cell line displayed overexpression at 2p. Expression peaks were observed frequently at 2pter and less frequently at 2p24 (MYCN locus), 2p23.3-23.2, and/or 2p23.1. Importantly, cell lines and two corresponding primary tumors displayed expression peaks at similar loci. No significant 2p24 expression level was observed for those cell lines displaying a low amplification rate (n = 3) by comparative genomic hybridization. Only the cell lines with an enhanced peak at 2p23.2-23.3 displayed coamplification of the ALK gene (2p23.2), reported to be associated with unfavorable prognosis. Finally, two of four cell lines without MYCN amplification, both derived from patients with poor outcome, also showed an expression peak at 2p23.2. These data indicate that, besides MYCN, other genes proximal and distal to MYCN are highly expressed in neuroblastoma. The prognostic significance of expression peaks at 2p23.2-23.3, independent of MYCN and ALK status, remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Stock
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Kinderspitalgasse 6, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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