Changes in pelvic and systemic platinum concentrations during negative-balance isolated pelvic perfusion: correlation between platinum concentration and method of administration in a pig model

Feasibility and Safety of Negative-Balance Isolated Pelvic Perfusion in Patients with Pretreated Recurrent or Persistent Uterine Cervical Cancer

BACKGROUND

Second-line therapy has limited activity in patients with recurrent or persistent uterine cervical cancer that has progressed after chemoradiation and palliative chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of negative-balance isolated pelvic perfusion (NIPP) in patients with pretreated recurrent/persistent uterine cervical cancer.

METHODS

Between April 2004 and May 2013, a total of 26 patients with recurrent or persistent uterine cervical cancer previously treated with platinum-based systemic chemotherapy and/or chemoradiotherapy received NIPP therapy at our institution, consisting of a 30-min isolated pelvic perfusion with cisplatin and fluorouracil, followed by isolated pelvic dialysis. Primary endpoints were response rate (RR) and progression-free survival (PFS), while secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and safety. Platinum pharmacokinetics were also evaluated.

RESULTS

The RR was 57.7 % (complete response, five patients; partial response, ten patients). The median PFS and OS after NIPP therapy were 11.0 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 6.6-15.4) and 25.1 (95 % CI 17.1-33.1) months, respectively. PFS was significantly better in patients without intestinal involvement (p = 0.016) or dissemination (p < 0.001). Survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years after initial NIPP therapy were 65.2, 50.4, and 13.4 %, respectively. The plasma pelvic-to-systemic exposure ratios were 15.4 and 15.8, based on the maximum concentration and the concentration-time curve, respectively. Most adverse events were mild (grade 1-2) (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0). Severe neutropenia (grade 3 or higher) occurred in only 7.7 % of patients.

CONCLUSIONS

NIPP appears to be an effective and feasible method for patients with pretreated recurrent or persistent cervical cancer.

Negative-balance isolated pelvic perfusion in patients with incurable symptomatic rectal cancer: results and drug dose correlation to adverse events

BACKGROUND

Drug leakage and lack of a drug-removal system have prevented clinical application of isolated pelvic perfusion (IPP). These barriers were overcome with negative-balance IPP (NIPP) in experimental pig models. Here, a phase 1 clinical study of NIPP was performed in patients with incurable symptomatic rectal cancer.

PURPOSE

To establish a safe regimen of high-dose regional chemotherapy with NIPP using cisplatin in patients with incurable rectal cancer.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Between June 2004 and January 2007, NIPP therapy was performed for 23 patients (11 women, 12 men; mean age, 58 years). NIPP was routinely performed twice over a 4-week interval. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were defined using a 5 + 3 design, and cisplatin doses were escalated from 170 mg/m(2), with a fixed 5-fluorouracil dose of 1000 mg/m(2). The grade of adverse events (AEs) at the first and second sessions of NIPP therapy, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor response were evaluated.

RESULTS

No DLTs were observed during the first session of NIPP. However, at the second session, two patients experienced the DLT of neuropathy after administration of 200 mg/m(2) cisplatin. Therefore, 190 mg/m(2) cisplatin was indicated as the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The plasma pelvic-to-systemic exposure ratio was 18.4 based on the maximum concentration and 19.0 based on the concentration-time curve. Solid tumor responses included complete response in two patients, partial response in five patients, stable disease in 15 patients, and progressive disease in one patient.

CONCLUSION

NIPP may offer the safe delivery of high-dose regional chemotherapy (MTD of 190 mg/m(2) cisplatin) with negligible AEs and effective control of tumor growth in patients with incurable rectal cancer.

Comparative study of transcatheter renal arterial embolization with and without closed renal circuit: pharmacokinetic and histologic assessment in pigs

PURPOSE

To assess the degree of renal necrosis and the leakage of absolute ethanol by using two methods: transcatheter renal artery embolization (TAE) and TAE performed with a closed renal circuit (CRC) (TAE/CRC), both performed by using ethanol and iodized oil, in a pig model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with our university guidelines for animal care and experimentation. Fourteen pigs were classified in two groups: standard TAE and TAE/CRC groups. In the TAE/CRC group, the renal artery and vein were occluded with balloon catheters; in the TAE group, only the renal artery was occluded. An emulsion of absolute ethanol (0.5 mL per kilogram of body weight) and iodized oil (emulsion ratio, 4:1) was injected in the renal artery in both groups. In the TAE/CRC group, we aspirated the blood containing the emulsion via the renal vein during arterial infusion. We measured the ethanol concentrations of the systemic circulation. Four days after embolization, the kidneys in both groups were removed and histopathologic examination was performed and results were compared.

RESULTS

The mean systemic ethanol concentration was less than 0.1 mg/mL in the TAE/CRC group and 0.28 mg/mL +/- 0.15 (standard deviation) in the TAE group (P < .002). In both groups, about 90% of the kidney was shown histopathologically to have undergone coagulation necrosis (no significant difference). The frequency of venous thrombus formation was significantly lower (P = .009) in the TAE/CRC group.

CONCLUSION

TAE/CRC dramatically reduces ethanol leakage to the systemic circulation without a decrease in embolization effect in the normal swine kidney, and it also reduces the likelihood of venous thrombus formation.

Pilot study of transcatheter arterial ethanol embolization under closed renal circuit for large renal cell carcinomas

The safety of a new technique, designated "transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with aspiration via a balloon-occluded renal drainage vein" (TAE-ABOD), for the management of large renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). The subjects were 25 patients with RCC who underwent a total of 27 sessions of TAE-ABOD. This TAE-ABOD technique incorporates two procedures: balloon occlusion of renal drainage vein and infusion of absolute ethanol into the tumor-feeding arteries during aspiration of blood via a balloon catheter, thereby reducing leakage of absolute ethanol into the systemic circulation. Our primary endpoint was to establish a safe regimen for high-dose ethanol injection therapy, and our secondary endpoint was to assess global survival of the patients. The administered dose of ethanol ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 ml/kg [median: 0.34 (SD: 0.10) ml/kg], increased in a stepwise manner. The systemic ethanol concentration was measurable in 14 patients, and was less than 0.1 mg/ml in 12 and from 0.1 to less than 0.2 mg/ml in two. There were no major complications such as renal failure or renal abscess. TAE-ABOD can safely deliver a high dose of absolute ethanol for the treatment of large RCCs.