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Gupta R, Kadhim MM, Turki Jalil A, Qasim Alasheqi M, Alsaikhan F, Khalimovna Mukhamedova N, Alexis Ramírez-Coronel A, Hassan Jawhar Z, Ramaiah P, Najafi M. The interactions of docetaxel with tumor microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110214. [PMID: 37126985 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There are several interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that affect the response of cancer cells to therapy. There are also a large number of cells and secretions in TME that increase resistance to therapy. Following the release of immunosuppressive, pro-angiogenic, and metastatic molecules by certain cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and cancer cells, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis may be induced. However, natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes (CTLs) can responsively release anticancer molecules. In addition, anticancer drugs can modulate these cells and their interactions in favor of either cancer resistance or therapy. Docetaxel belongs to taxanes, a class of anti-tumor drugs, which acts through the polymerization of tubulin and the induction of cell cycle arrest. Also, it has been revealed that taxanes including docetaxel affect cancer cells and the other cells within TME through some other mechanisms such as modulation of immune system responses, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In this paper, we explain the basic mechanisms of docetaxel interactions with malignant cells. Besides, we review the diverse effects of docetaxel on TME and cancer cells in consequence. Lastly, the modulatory effects of docetaxel alone or in conjunction with other anticancer agents on anti-tumor immunity, cancer cell resistance, angiogenesis, and metastasis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, District-Mathura, 281406 U. P., India
| | - Mustafa M Kadhim
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit 52001, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10022, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla 51001, Iraq.
| | | | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Medillin 050001, Colombia; Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Azogues 030102, Ecuador
| | - Zanko Hassan Jawhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Erbil 44001, Iraq; Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | | | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran.
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Verma P, Shukla N, Kumari S, Ansari M, Gautam NK, Patel GK. Cancer stem cell in prostate cancer progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188887. [PMID: 36997008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most diagnosed malignancy in the men worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the sub-population of cells present in the tumor which possess unique properties of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation thus thought to be major cause of therapy resistance, disease relapse, and mortality in several malignancies including PCa. CSCs have also been shown positive for the common stem cells markers such as ALDH EZH2, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, Nanog etc. Therefore, isolation and characterization of CSCs specific markers which may discriminate CSCs and normal stem cells are critical to selectively eliminate CSCs. Rapid advances in the field offers a theoretical explanation for many of the enduring uncertainties encompassing the etiology and an optimism for the identification of new stem-cell targets, development of reliable and efficient therapies in the future. The emerging reports have also provided unprecedented insights into CSCs plasticity, quiescence, renewal, and therapeutic response. In this review, we discuss the identification of PCa stem cells, their unique properties, stemness-driving pathways, new diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions.
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FBXW2 inhibits prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis via promoting EGFR ubiquitylation and degradation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:268. [PMID: 35499593 PMCID: PMC9061686 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
FBXW2 is a poorly characterized F-box protein, as a tumor suppressor that inhibits growth and metastasis of lung cancer by promoting ubiquitylation and degradation of oncogenic proteins, including SKP2 and β-catenin. However, what the biological functions of FBXW2 in prostate cancer cells and whether FBXW2 targets other substrates to involve in progression of prostate cancer is still unclear. Here, we reported that overexpression of FBXW2 attenuated proliferation and metastasis of PCa models both in vitro and in vivo, while FBXW2 depletion exhibited the opposite effects. Intriguingly, FBXW2 was an E3 ligase for EGFR in prostate cancer. EGFR protein level and its half-life were extended by FBXW2 depletion, while EGFR protein level was decreased, and its half-life was shortened upon overexpression of FBXW2, but not its dominant-negative mutant. Importantly, FBXW2 bond to EGFR via its consensus degron motif (TSNNST), and ubiquitylated and degraded EGFR, resulting in repression of EGF function. Thus, our data uncover a novel that FBXW2 as a tumor suppressor of prostate cancer, inhibits EGFR downstream by promoting EGFR ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in repression of cell proliferation and metastasis.
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EGFR-targeted immunoliposomes efficiently deliver docetaxel to prostate cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 194:111185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Reguera-Nuñez E, Man S, Xu P, Hilberg F, Kerbel RS. Variable impact of three different antiangiogenic drugs alone or in combination with chemotherapy on multiple bone marrow-derived cell populations involved in angiogenesis and immunity. Angiogenesis 2019; 22:535-546. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tsai HJ, Jiaang WT, Shih NY, Fletcher JA, Lin MJ, Yang MY, Chen CT, Hsu TAJ, Wu CC, Lin HY, Chen LT. BPR1J373, a novel multitargeted kinase inhibitor, effectively suppresses the growth of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3591-3601. [PMID: 30142229 PMCID: PMC6215875 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a type of KIT‐driven cancer. KIT gene mutations are found in approximately 80% of GISTs, and most of these mutations occur in exon 9 and exon 11. Imatinib has been successfully used as a first‐line treatment for advanced GIST, with a significant improvement in progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival. However, disease progression might develop due to primary or secondary resistance to imatinib. Sunitinib and regorafenib have been approved as second‐ and third‐line treatments for advanced GIST patients, with median PFS values of 6.8 and 4.8 months, respectively. However, these relatively modest improvements in PFS underscore the need for more effective KIT inhibitors. BPR1J373 is a multitargeted kinase inhibitor that has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of KIT‐driven acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we found that BPR1J373 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis by targeting KIT in GIST cells with KIT gene mutations. BPR1J373 also induced cell cycle arrest and senescent change in KIT‐mutant GIST48 cells, probably by targeting aurora kinase A. In the KIT‐null COS‐1 cell‐based system, BPR1J373 effectively inhibited KIT with single or double mutations of KIT developed in GIST. The antiproliferative effect was also consistently evident in GIST430 tumor‐grafted mice. The results suggest that BPR1J373 could be a potential anticancer drug for GIST and deserves further investigation for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jen Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Weir-Torn Jiaang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan A Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming-Jon Lin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-An John Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-You Lin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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El Kaffas A, Sadeghi-Naini A, Falou O, Tran WT, Zhou S, Hashim A, Fernandes J, Giles A, Czarnota GJ. Assessment of tumor response to radiation and vascular targeting therapy in mice using quantitative ultrasound spectroscopy. Med Phys 2016; 42:4965-73. [PMID: 26233222 DOI: 10.1118/1.4926554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is now recognized that the tumor vasculature is in part responsible for regulating tumor responses to radiation therapy. However, the extent to which radiation-based vascular damage contributes to tumor cell death remains unknown. In this work, quantitative ultrasound spectroscopy (QUS) methods were used to investigate the acute responses of tumors to radiation-based vascular treatments. METHODS Tumor xenografts (MDA-MB-231) were treated with single radiation doses of 2 or 8 Gy alone, or in combination with pharmacological agents that modulate vascular radiosensitivity. The midband fit, the slope, and the 0-MHz intercept QUS parameters were obtained from a linear-regression fit to the averaged power spectrum of frequency-dependent ultrasound backscatter and were used to quantify acute tumor responses following treatment administration. Power spectrums were extracted from raw volumetric radio-frequency ultrasound data obtained before and 24 h following treatment administration. These parameters have previously been correlated to tumor cell death. Staining using in situ end labeling, carbonic anhydrase 9 and cluster of differentiation 31 of tumor sections were used to assess cell death, oxygenation, and vasculature distributions, respectively. RESULTS Results indicate a significant midband fit QUS parameter increases of 3.2 ± 0.3 dBr and 5.4 ± 0.5 dBr for tumors treated with 2 and 8 Gy radiation combined with the antiangiogenic agent Sunitinib, respectively. In contrast, tumors treated with radiation alone demonstrated a significant midband fit increase of 4.4 ± 0.3 dBr at 8 Gy only. Preadministration of basic fibroblast growth factor, an endothelial radioprotector, acted to minimize tumor response following single large doses of radiation. Immunohistochemical analysis was in general agreement with QUS findings; an R(2) of 0.9 was observed when quantified cell death was correlated with changes in midband fit. CONCLUSIONS Results from QUS analysis presented in this study confirm that acute tumor response is linked to a vascular effect following high doses of radiation therapy. Overall, this is in agreement with previous reports suggesting that acute tumor radiation response is regulated by a vascular-driven response. Data also suggest that Sunitinib may enhance tumor radiosensitivity through a vascular remodeling process, and that QUS may be sensitive to changes in tissue properties associated with vascular remodeling. Finally, the work also demonstrates the ability of QUS methods to monitor response to radiation-based vascular strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Kaffas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ali Sadeghi-Naini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Omar Falou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - William Tyler Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zhou
- Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Amr Hashim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada and Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jason Fernandes
- Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Anoja Giles
- Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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A phase 2 multimodality trial of docetaxel/prednisone with sunitinib followed by salvage radiation therapy in men with PSA recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2016; 19:100-6. [PMID: 26754260 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2015.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In men with high Gleason PC and rapid PSA progression after surgery, failure rates remain unacceptably high despite salvage radiation. We explored a novel multimodality approach of docetaxel with anti-angiogenic therapy before salvage radiotherapy (RT). METHODS This was a phase 2 single-arm prospective open-label trial with historic controls. Eligible men had a rising PSA of 0.1-3.0 ng ml(-1) within 4 years of radical prostatectomy, no metastases except resected nodal disease, no prior androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and Gleason 7-10. Men received four cycles of docetaxel 70 mg m(-2) every 3 weeks with low dose prednisone and sunitinib 37.5 mg daily for 14/21 days each cycle, with no ADT. Salvage prostate bed RT (66 Gy) started at day 100. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 24 months. Safety data, quality of life (QOL) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were measured over time. RESULTS Thirty-four men accrued in this multi-institutional clinical trial: 24% of men were node positive, 47% were Gleason 8-10, median PSA at entry was 0.54. The trial was terminated prematurely owing to excess DLTs (nine) including grade 3 hand-foot syndrome (n=4), neutropenic fever (n=2), AST increase (n=1), fatigue (n=1) and vomiting with diarrhea (n=1). PFS rate at 24 months was 51% (95% CI: 33, 67%) with a median PFS of 26.2 months (95% CI: 12.5, -). Six men (17.6%) had an undetectable PSA at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Sunitinib and docetaxel/prednisone followed by salvage RT resulted in excess pre-specified DLTs. Although nearly half of the men experienced durable disease control, efficacy was not greater than expected with radiation alone. The use of the intermediate end point of PFS in this salvage setting permitted an early decision on further development of this combination.
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Fuereder T, Wacheck V, Strommer S, Horak P, Gerschpacher M, Lamm W, Kivaranovic D, Krainer M. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in castration resistant prostate cancer: a randomized, controlled, biomarker study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95310. [PMID: 24755958 PMCID: PMC3995874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial progenitor cells (CEPs) and circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are potential biomarkers of response to anti-angiogenic treatment regimens. In the current study, we investigated the effect of docetaxel and sunitinib on CEP/CEC kinetics and clinical response in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Patients and methods Chemonaive patients with CRPC were enrolled in this study to receive either sunitinib (37.5 mg/d), in combination with docetaxel (75 mg/m2) or docetaxel alone. CEP and CEC kinetics were analyzed for every cycle. The primary objective was to compare CEP/CEC pharmacodynamics between both treatment arms. We also investigated if CEC/CEP spikes, induced by MTD docetaxel, are suppressed by sunitinib in patients treated with docetaxel/sunitinib relative to docetaxel monotherapy. Results A total of 27 patients were enrolled. We observed a significant increase of CEP/CEC (total/viable) counts over time within each cycle (coefficients 0.29233, 0.22092 and 0.26089, respectively; p<0.001). However, no differences between the treatment groups, in terms of CEP and CEC kinetics, were detected. In the docetaxel monotherapy arm 4 (30%) patients responded to therapy with a 50% PSA decline, while 9 (64%) patients showed a PSA decline in the combination group (n.s.). The median PFS in the docetaxel monotherapy group was 3.1 months (2.6–3.6 months, 95% CI) and 6.2 months (4.9–7.4 months, 95% CI; p = 0.062) in the combination arm. Sunitinib/docetaxel was reasonably well tolerated and toxicity manageable. Conclusion In summary, no significant differences in CEC and CEP kinetics between the treatment arms were observed, although a highly significant increase of CEPs/CECs within each cycle over time was detected. These results mirror the challenge we have to face when employing anti-angiogenic strategies in CRPC. Additional preclinical research is needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. However, docetaxel/sunitinib therapy resulted in a better response in terms of PSA decline and a trend towards improved PFS. Trial Registery clinicaltrialsregister.eu EudraCT 2007-003705-27
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Fuereder
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Wacheck
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Strommer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Horak
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Gerschpacher
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Lamm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Danijel Kivaranovic
- Section for Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Krainer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Juliachs M, Vidal A, Del Muro XG, Piulats JM, Condom E, Casanovas O, Graupera M, Germà JR, Villanueva A, Viñals F. Effectivity of pazopanib treatment in orthotopic models of human testicular germ cell tumors. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:382. [PMID: 23937707 PMCID: PMC3751347 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) is still a clinical challenge, and one associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this work was to test pazopanib, an anti-tumoral and anti-angiogenic multikinase inhibitor, and its combination with lapatinib (an anti-ErbB inhibitor) in mouse orthotopic models of human testicular GCTs. Methods We used two different models of human testicular GCTs orthotopically grown in nude mice; a CDDP-sensitive choriocarcinoma (TGT38) and a new orthotopic model generated from a metastatic GCT refractory to first-line CDDP chemotherapy (TGT44). Nude mice implanted with these orthotopic tumors were treated with the inhibitors and the effect on tumoral growth and angiogenesis was evaluated. Results TGT44 refractory tumor had an immunohistochemical profile similar to the original metastasis, with characteristics of yolk sac tumor. TGT44 did not respond when treated with cisplatin. In contrast, pazopanib had an anti-angiogenic effect and anti-tumor efficacy in this model. Pazopanib in combination with lapatinib in TGT38, an orthotopic model of choriocarcinoma had an additive effect blocking tumor growth. Conclusions We present pazopanib as a possible agent for the alternative treatment of CDDP-sensitive and CDDP-refractory GCT patients, alone or in combination with anti-ErbB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Juliachs
- Laboratori de Recerca Translacional, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
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Molecularly targeted agents as radiosensitizers in cancer therapy--focus on prostate cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14800-32. [PMID: 23863691 PMCID: PMC3742274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of the molecular pathways driving tumorigenesis improves and more druggable targets are identified, we have witnessed a concomitant increase in the development and production of novel molecularly targeted agents. Radiotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of various malignancies with a prominent role in the care of prostate cancer patients, and efforts to improve the therapeutic ratio of radiation by technologic and pharmacologic means have led to important advances in cancer care. One promising approach is to combine molecularly targeted systemic agents with radiotherapy to improve tumor response rates and likelihood of durable control. This review first explores the limitations of preclinical studies as well as barriers to successful implementation of clinical trials with radiosensitizers. Special considerations related to and recommendations for the design of preclinical studies and clinical trials involving molecularly targeted agents combined with radiotherapy are provided. We then apply these concepts by reviewing a representative set of targeted therapies that show promise as radiosensitizers in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Ketola K, Kallioniemi O, Iljin K. Chemical biology drug sensitivity screen identifies sunitinib as synergistic agent with disulfiram in prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51470. [PMID: 23251544 PMCID: PMC3520796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current treatment options for castration- and treatment-resistant prostate cancer are limited and novel approaches are desperately needed. Our recent results from a systematic chemical biology sensitivity screen covering most known drugs and drug-like molecules indicated that aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor disulfiram is one of the most potent cancer-specific inhibitors of prostate cancer cell growth, including TMPRSS2-ERG fusion positive cancers. However, the results revealed that disulfiram alone does not block tumor growth in vivo nor induce apoptosis in vitro, indicating that combinatorial approaches may be required to enhance the anti-neoplastic effects. Methods and Findings In this study, we utilized a chemical biology drug sensitivity screen to explore disulfiram mechanistic details and to identify compounds potentiating the effect of disulfiram in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion positive prostate cancer cells. In total, 3357 compounds including current chemotherapeutic agents as well as drug-like small molecular compounds were screened alone and in combination with disulfiram. Interestingly, the results indicated that androgenic and antioxidative compounds antagonized disulfiram effect whereas inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase, proteasome, topoisomerase II, glucosylceramide synthase or cell cycle were among compounds sensitizing prostate cancer cells to disulfiram. The combination of disulfiram and an antiangiogenic agent sunitinib was studied in more detail, since both are already in clinical use in humans. Disulfiram-sunitinib combination induced apoptosis and reduced androgen receptor protein expression more than either of the compounds alone. Moreover, combinatorial exposure reduced metastatic characteristics such as cell migration and 3D cell invasion as well as induced epithelial differentiation shown as elevated E-cadherin expression. Conclusions Taken together, our results propose novel combinatorial approaches to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. Disulfiram-sunitinib combination was identified as one of the potent synergistic approaches. Since sunitinib alone has been reported to lack efficacy in prostate cancer clinical trials, our results provide a rationale for novel combinatorial approach to target prostate cancer more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Ketola
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Effector mechanisms of sunitinib-induced G1 cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukaemia HL60 and KG-1 cells. Ann Hematol 2012. [PMID: 23180436 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-012-1627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with dismal outcome. Sunitinib is an orally active inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinase receptors approved for renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour that has also been studied for AML in several clinical trials. However, the precise mechanism of sunitinib action against AML remains unclear and requires further investigation. For this purpose, this study was conducted using human AML cell lines (HL60 and KG-1) and AML patients' mononucleated cells. Sunitinib induced G1 phase arrest associated with decreased cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)2 and increased p27(Kip1), pRb1, and p130/Rb2 expression and phosphorylated activation of protein kinase C alpha and beta (PKCα/β). Selective PKCα/β inhibitor treatment abolished sunitinib-elicited AML differentiation, suggesting that PKCα/β may underlie sunitinib-induced monocytic differentiation. Furthermore, sunitinib increased pro-apoptotic molecule expression (Bax, Bak, PUMA, Fas, FasL, DR4, and DR5) and decreased anti-apoptotic molecule expression (Bcl-2 and Mcl-1), resulting in caspase-2, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activation and both death receptor and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that sunitinib targets AML cells through both differentiation and apoptosis pathways. More clinical studies are urgently needed to demonstrate its optimal clinical applications in AML.
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The preventative effects of sunitinib malate observed in the course from non-castration to castration LNCaP xenograft prostate tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:2137-43. [PMID: 22868821 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the agent SU-11248 (sunitinib malate) in the course from non-castration to castration LNCaP xenograft prostate tumors. METHODS BALB/c nude mice were injected with human androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) and divided into two groups: castration and non-castration. Then the LNCaP-bearing mice were treated with sunitinib (40 mg/kg daily, 0.2 ml p.o. for 3 weeks). Both groups were paired with control groups in which the mice were given water by gavaging daily. The kidneys, livers, hearts, lungs, spleens, stomachs, intestines, skins, and other parts of all the mice were observed carefully during the study. RESULTS At the end of the 3-week dosing schedule, the tumors of the sunitinib-treated mice grew significantly slower than those of control group. Adverse reactions were not significantly found in the mice. We examined the impact of sunitinib on tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis through molecular factors representative of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-2) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR-β) families, and of apoptosis (Bcl-2), and of proliferation (Ki67). The Ki67 and Von Willebrand factor expression of the control group was higher than that of the treated group. However, there was no significant difference observed between treated and control groups for apoptosis induction (Bcl-2). Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed both VEGFR-2 and PDGFR-β expression in the control group was higher than that of the sunitinib-treated group. CONCLUSION Sunitinib is safe and effective for treating tumors in the course form non-castration to castration groups in LNCaP xenograft prostate tumors. It is potentially beneficial as a prevention and treatment measure for clinical patients with prostate cancer, especially in the course from androgen-dependent prostate cancer to castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Combination of bevacizumab and irradiation on uveal melanoma: an in vitro and in vivo preclinical study. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:59-65. [PMID: 22714791 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) is the standard treatment for uveal melanoma. However it can cause damage to the retina and optic nerve. This study examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab associated with radiotherapy (RT) on tumor growth and tumor proliferation and vasculature on OCM-1 human uveal melanoma cell line. METHODS The anti-proliferative effects of bevacizumab, RT and their combination were tested both in vitro (OCM-1 cells co-cultured with HUVEC cells in Transwell plates) and in vivo (OCM-1 tumor xenografts in nude mice). In addition, treatment effects in vitro on VEGF secretion, as well as treatment effects in vivo on tumor proliferation (Ki67 labelling), tumor vasculature (VEGFR2 labelling) and VEGF tumoral concentration were analyzed. RESULTS Bevacizumab given alone had a significant impact on tumor growth in vivo (and moderate effects in vitro). The bevacizumab-RT combination had additive effects in vitro (tumor cell proliferation) and in vivo (tumor growth), which translated into a significant decrease in Ki67 expression, VEGFR2 labelling and VEGF tumoral content. CONCLUSIONS The bevacizumab-RT combination could be a promising clinical option to explore for the management of human uveal melanoma, since it may allow RT dose reduction without loss of antitumor efficacy.
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Leong S, Eckhardt SG, Chan E, Messersmith WA, Spratlin J, Camidge DR, Diab S, Khosravan R, Lin X, Chow Maneval E, Lockhart AC. A phase I study of sunitinib combined with modified FOLFOX6 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012; 70:65-74. [PMID: 22623210 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-1880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I study assessed the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor effects of sunitinib combined with modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6). METHODS Patients with advanced solid malignancies received mFOLFOX6 in 2-week cycles with escalating sunitinib doses (25, 37.5, and 50 mg/day) on three schedules: 2 weeks on, 2 weeks off (2/2); 4 weeks on, 2 weeks off (4/2); or continuous daily dosing (CDD). Patients received up to 8 treatment cycles (Schedule 2/2 and CDD schedule) or 6 cycles (Schedule 4/2). An expansion cohort enrolled patients with metastatic colorectal cancer at the Schedule 2/2 MTD. RESULTS Overall, 53 patients were enrolled, with 43 evaluable for dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). On Schedule 2/2 (n = 18), DLTs occurred in three patients at 50 mg/day (grade 4 neutropenia [n = 1]; grades 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia [n = 2]) and two patients achieved partial responses (PRs). On Schedule 4/2 (n = 13), 37.5 mg/day exceeded the MTD with two DLTs (febrile neutropenia and grade 4 hypokalemia, respectively). On the CDD schedule (n = 12), the MTD was 25 mg/day; one DLT (grade 3 stomatitis) was reported and two patients achieved PRs. The most common adverse events were neutropenia, fatigue, and thrombocytopenia. No clinically significant drug-drug interactions were apparent between sunitinib, its metabolite SU12662, and mFOLFOX6. CONCLUSIONS Sunitinib combined with mFOLFOX6 had acceptable tolerability. The MTDs were sunitinib 50 mg/day on Schedule 2/2 and 25 mg/day on the CDD schedule. A MTD for Schedule 4/2 was not established.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leong
- Medical Oncology, Developmental Therapeutics Program/GI Malignancies, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado at Denver, Mail Stop 8117, 12801 E 17th Ave, Room 8120, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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17
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Guérin O, Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Monteverde M, Sudaka A, Brunstein MC, Formento P, Lattanzio L, Maffi M, Tonissi F, Ortholan C, Pagès G, Fischel JL, Lo Nigro C, Merlano M, Milano G. Contrasted effects of the multitarget TKi vandetanib on docetaxel-sensitive and docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cell lines. Urol Oncol 2012; 31:1567-75. [PMID: 22608542 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and angiogenic factors is associated with the progression of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). We examined the effects of vandetanib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR), EGFR, and rearranged during transfection (RET) tyrosine-kinase activities, alone or combined with docetaxel, on PC3 docetaxel-sensitive (PC3wt) or docetaxel-resistant (PC3R) AIPC cell growth in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Mice bearing PC3wt or PC3R tumors were treated for 3 weeks with vandetanib (25 or 50 mg/kg/d p.o., 5 d/wk), docetaxel (10 or 30 mg/kg i.p., 1 d/wk), or their combination (low or high doses). Xenograft tumors were analyzed for expression of Ki-67, EGFR, VEGFR2, and production of VEGFA. RESULTS On PC3wt, vandetanib at both doses stimulated tumor growth, whereas docetaxel at both doses exerted strong growth-inhibiting effects. The low-dose vandetanib-docetaxel combination resulted in tumor growth similar to that of control, whereas the high-dose combination induced a significant antiproliferative effect. In contrast, on PC3R, the low-dose of vandetanib had no effect on tumor growth, whereas the high-dose of vandetanib significantly inhibited tumor growth. Docetaxel at both doses exerted moderate and transient antitumor effects. The combination of high-dose vandetanib with high-dose docetaxel resulted in antiproliferative effects, which were lower than expected from the sum of individual drug effects. Importantly, tumor analyses revealed overexpression of the EGFR/VEGFR pathways in PC3R relative to PC3wt. CONCLUSION Present results suggest that vandetanib should not be associated with docetaxel in treatment-naive or docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer (CaP). The use of high-dose vandetanib alone may warrant further investigation in patients with docetaxel-resistant AIPC overexpressing VEGFR/EGFR pathways.
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Wu CL, Ping SY, Yu CP, Yu DS. Tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor-targeted combined chemotherapy for metastatic bladder cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2012; 28:194-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Taylor M, Billiot F, Marty V, Rouffiac V, Cohen P, Tournay E, Opolon P, Louache F, Vassal G, Laplace-Builhé C, Vielh P, Soria JC, Farace F. Reversing resistance to vascular-disrupting agents by blocking late mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:434-49. [PMID: 22588881 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The prevailing concept is that immediate mobilization of bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEP) is a key mechanism mediating tumor resistance to vascular-disrupting agents (VDA). Here, we show that administration of VDA to tumor-bearing mice induces 2 distinct peaks in CEPs: an early, unspecific CEP efflux followed by a late yet more dramatic tumor-specific CEP burst that infiltrates tumors and is recruited to vessels. Combination with antiangiogenic drugs could not disrupt the early peak but completely abrogated the late VDA-induced CEP burst, blunted bone marrow-derived cell recruitment to tumors, and resulted in striking antitumor efficacy, indicating that the late CEP burst might be crucial to tumor recovery after VDA therapy. CEP and circulating endothelial cell kinetics in VDA-treated patients with cancer were remarkably consistent with our preclinical data. These findings expand the current understanding of vasculogenic "rebounds" that may be targeted to improve VDA-based strategies. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that resistance to VDA therapy may be strongly mediated by late, rather than early, tumor-specific recruitment of CEPs, the suppression of which resulted in increased VDA-mediated antitumor efficacy. VDA-based therapy might thus be significantly enhanced by combination strategies targeting late CEP mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Taylor
- Translational Research Laboratory, University of Paris-Sud, INSERM U981, Villejuif, France
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Zurita AJ, George DJ, Shore ND, Liu G, Wilding G, Hutson TE, Kozloff M, Mathew P, Harmon CS, Wang SL, Chen I, Chow Maneval E, Logothetis CJ. Sunitinib in combination with docetaxel and prednisone in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1/2 clinical trial. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:688-694. [PMID: 21821830 PMCID: PMC4415089 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase 1/2 study assessed sunitinib combined with docetaxel (Taxotere) and prednisone in chemotherapy-naive metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS To determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), 25 patients in four dose escalation cohorts received 3-week cycles of sunitinib (2 weeks on, 1 week off), docetaxel and prednisone, preceded by a 4-week sunitinib 50 mg/day lead in. RP2D was evaluated in 55 additional patients. The primary end point was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate. RESULTS One phase 1 dose-limiting toxicity occurred (grade 3 hyponatremia). The RP2D was sunitinib 37.5 mg/day, docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) and prednisone 5 mg b.i.d. During phase 2, confirmed PSA responses occurred in 31 patients [56.4% (95% confidence interval 42.3-69.7)]. Median time to PSA progression was 9.8 months. Forty-one patients (75%) were treated >3 months, 12 (22%) completed the study (16 cycles) and 43 (78%) discontinued (36% for disease progression and 27% adverse events). The most frequent treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (53%; 15% febrile) and fatigue/asthenia (16%). Among 33 assessable patients, 14 (42.4%) had confirmed partial response. Median progression-free and overall survivals were 12.6 and 21.7 months, respectively. CONCLUSION This combination was moderately well tolerated, with promising response rate and survival benefit, justifying further investigation in mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Zurita
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
| | - D J George
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
| | - N D Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach
| | - G Liu
- Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison
| | - G Wilding
- Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison
| | - T E Hutson
- Genitourinary Oncology Program, Baylor Sammons Cancer Center-Texas Oncology, P.A., Dallas
| | - M Kozloff
- Cancer Research Center, Ingalls Memorial Hospital, Harvey
| | - P Mathew
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | | | - S L Wang
- Departments of Clinical Statistics
| | - I Chen
- Departments of Clinical Development, Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, USA
| | - E Chow Maneval
- Departments of Clinical Development, Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, USA
| | - C J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Yoon YK, Im SA, Min A, Kim HP, Hur HS, Lee KH, Han SW, Song SH, Youn Oh D, Kim TY, Kim WH, Bang YJ. Sunitinib synergizes the antitumor effect of cisplatin via modulation of ERCC1 expression in models of gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 321:128-36. [PMID: 22266184 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of sunitinib monotherapy and in combination with cisplatin in human gastric cancer cell lines. Sunitinib showed antiproliferative effect in gastric cancer cells line with high PDGFRA expression. Knockdown of PDGFRA showed that sunitinib sensitivity was correlated with the basal expression of PDGFRA. Synergistic growth inhibitory activity in combination with cisplatin was identified. We further explored how sunitinib potentiated the activity of cisplatin. We found that sunitinib treatment resulted in the down-regulation of ERCC1 expression via the modulation of PDGFRA expression in gastric cancer cells. The effect was verified via SNU484 xenograft model. Our data support the rationale of clinical trial using sunitinib in combination of cisplatin in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kwang Yoon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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Fu W, Madan E, Yee M, Zhang H. Progress of molecular targeted therapies for prostate cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1825:140-52. [PMID: 22146293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. The current standard of care consists of prostatectomy and radiation therapy, which may often be supplemented with hormonal therapies. Recurrence is common, and many develop metastatic prostate cancer for which chemotherapy is only moderately effective. It is clear that novel therapies are needed for the treatment of the malignant forms of prostate cancer that recur after initial therapies, such as hormone refractory (HRPC) or castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). With advances in understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cancer, we have witnessed unprecedented progress in developing new forms of targeted therapy. Several targeted therapeutic agents have been developed and clinically used for the treatment of solid tumors such as breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cancer. Some of these reagents modulate growth factors and/or their receptors, which are abundant in cancer cells. Other reagents target the downstream signal transduction, survival pathways, and angiogenesis pathways that are abnormally activated in transformed cells or metastatic tumors. We will review current developments in this field, focusing specifically on treatments that can be applied to prostate cancers. Finally we will describe aspects of the future direction of the field with respect to discovering biomarkers to aid in identifying responsive prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Fu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
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23
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Mahon KL, Henshall SM, Sutherland RL, Horvath LG. Pathways of chemotherapy resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011; 18:R103-23. [PMID: 21565970 DOI: 10.1530/erc-10-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains the major treatment option for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and limited cytotoxic options are available. Inherent chemotherapy resistance occurs in half of all patients and inevitably develops even in those who initially respond. Docetaxel has been the mainstay of therapy for 6 years, providing a small survival benefit at the cost of significant toxicity. Cabazitaxel is a promising second-line agent; however, it is no less toxic, whereas mitoxantrone provides only symptomatic benefit. Multiple cellular pathways involving apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, signalling intermediaries, drug efflux pumps and tubulin are implicated in the development of chemoresistance. A thorough understanding of these pathways is needed to identify biomarkers that predict chemotherapy resistance with the aim to avoid unwarranted toxicities in patients who will not benefit from treatment. Until recently, the search for predictive biomarkers has been disappointing; however, the recent discovery of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 as a marker of chemoresistance may herald a new era of biomarker discovery in CRPC. Understanding the interface between this complex array of chemoresistance pathways rather than their study in isolation will be required to effectively predict response and target the late stages of advanced disease. The pre-clinical evidence for these resistance pathways and their progress through clinical trials as therapeutic targets is reviewed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Mahon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Missenden Road, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.
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Castellano D, González-Larriba JL, Antón-Aparicio LM, Cassinello J, Grande E, Esteban E, Sepúlveda J. Experience in the use of sunitinib given as a single agent in metastatic chemoresistant and castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011; 12:2433-9. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2011.590132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gasent J, Grande E, Casinello J, Provencio M, Laforga J, Alberola V. [Experience with sunitinib in hormone-resistant metastatic prostate cancer that is unresponsive to docetaxel]. Actas Urol Esp 2011; 35:57-60. [PMID: 21256396 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION systemic treatment options for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) that progress despite the use of Docetaxel are very limited. One of the options of compassionate use currently available is the use of Sunitinib. We present a joint preliminary experience with the use of Sunitinib in this clinical case. PATIENTS AND METHODS a series of eight cases is presented, which sets forth a prospective multicentre experience with Sunitinib in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic and progressive prostate cancer, previously treated with at least a regime of Docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Other alternative chemotherapy regimes had already been tried in some patients. The primary objective of our study was the PSA response rate and our secondary objective was the progression-free period. We administered a dosage of 50mg/day for four-week cycles, followed by a two-week rest per cycle, until we reached a total of eight cycles or up to clinical progression or intolerable toxicity. RESULTS in four cases, the PSA dropped to below 50% of the baseline level at the beginning of the treatment, and five patients presented some decrease in PSA. The progression-free time was 16.4 weeks. Toxicity arising from the treatment was moderate and manageable. CONCLUSIONS despite the limits of this experience, we can say that Sunitinib appears to be an active and safe option in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer that is resistant to chemotherapy with Docetaxel.
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Galsky M, Vogelzang N. Docetaxel-based combination therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:2135-2144. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Papaetis GS, Syrigos KN. Sunitinib: a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the era of molecular cancer therapies. BioDrugs 2010; 23:377-89. [PMID: 19894779 DOI: 10.2165/11318860-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sunitinib is an oral oxindole multitargeted kinase inhibitor that inhibits certain receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). These include vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR type 1 and 2), platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR-alpha and PDGFR-beta), stem cell factor receptor (KIT), FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3), glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor receptor (RET) and the receptor of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (CSF1R). Examination of the antitumor effect of sunitinib in a variety of cell lines in vitro suggested an antiproliferative activity that is dependent on the presence of constitutively active RTK targets. The use of sunitinib as first-line therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has improved the overall survival compared with that observed after cytokine therapy, while its administration in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) after progression or intolerance to imatinib achieved an objective response of 7%. Sunitinib is currently approved for the treatment of GISTs in this setting, and as first-line therapy for the treatment of advanced RCC. The relatively long half-life of sunitinib and its major metabolite allow for a once-daily dosing schedule. An interesting antitumor activity of sunitinib was reported in phase II studies of patients with a variety of malignancies, such as hepatocellular cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and non-small cell lung cancer; results of phase III studies are urgently anticipated. Fatigue is one of the most common adverse effects of sunitinib, as 50-70% of patients with advanced RCC and GIST complained of this adverse effect. Other adverse effects are diarrhea, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, oral changes and bleeding events. Most toxicities are reversible and should not result in discontinuation of sunitinib. If necessary, dose adjustments or interruptions should be made. Hypothyroidism has been described in the first 2 weeks of sunitinib therapy and its incidence increases progressively with the duration of therapy. Sunitinib may exert its hypertensive activity through a direct effect on the vasculature, while its most important cardiac adverse effect is left ventricular dysfunction. A variety of skin adverse effects have been described with the use of sunitinib such as hand-foot syndrome, yellow discoloration of the skin, dry skin, subungual splinter hemorrhages, acral erythema, and generalized skin rashes. Administration of sunitinib in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting of patients with RCC and of its combination with chemotherapy and other targeted therapies are currently under intense investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios S Papaetis
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, Athens University School of Medicine, Building Z, Sotiria General Hospital, Mesogion 152, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
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Guérin O, Fischel JL, Ferrero JM, Bozec A, Milano G. EGFR Targeting in Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer: Current Appraisal and Prospects for Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:2238-2247. [PMID: 27713352 PMCID: PMC4036653 DOI: 10.3390/ph3072238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer increases with age and because of its high prevalence this disease has become a major public health concern. Despite advances in our understanding of the biological mechanisms responsible for the development of this cancer, the transition to the hormone refractory stage (HRPC) and metastatic progression pose real problems of clinical management. Currently, docetaxel chemotherapy has been shown to have a slight but significant impact on survival, though the gain in median survival is still less than three months. Research is therefore continuing to improve treatment outcomes. The progression of prostate cancer is accompanied by the overexpression of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) in a very large majority of cases, suggesting that this may play a mechanistic role. Unfortunately, although preclinical findings seem to be promising for therapies targeting the EGFR in HRPC, current clinical results are disappointing. These results should however encourage us to look for different ways of using anti-EGFR agents or combining them with other targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Guérin
- Oncopharmacology Unit, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France.
- Department of Gerontology, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital de Cimiez, 4 Ave Reine Victoria, 06000 Nice, France.
- University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France.
| | - Jean Louis Fischel
- Oncopharmacology Unit, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ferrero
- Oncopharmacology Unit, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France
- University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Alexandre Bozec
- Oncopharmacology Unit, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Gerard Milano
- Oncopharmacology Unit, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Ave Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France
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Preclinical evaluation of sunitinib as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2010; 29:1123-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Efstathiou E, Logothetis CJ. A new therapy paradigm for prostate cancer founded on clinical observations. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:1100-7. [PMID: 20145177 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Efficacy equivalent to that reported in other common adult solid tumors considered to be chemotherapy-sensitive has been reported with Docetaxel in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer. However, in contrast to other cancers, the expected increase in efficacy with the use of chemotherapy in earlier disease states has not been reported to date in prostate cancer. On the basis of these observations, we speculated that the therapy development paradigm used successfully in other cancers may not apply to the majority of prostate cancers. Several lines of supporting clinical and experimental observations implicate the tumor microenvironment in prostate carcinogenesis and resistance to therapy. We conclude that a foundation to guide the development of therapy for prostate cancer is required. The therapy paradigm we propose accounts for the central role of the tumor microenvironment in bone and, if correct, will lead to microenvironment-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Efstathiou
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and David H Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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31
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Ding W, Cai T, Zhu H, Wu R, Tu C, Yang L, Lu W, He Q, Yang B. Synergistic antitumor effect of TRAIL in combination with sunitinib in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2010; 293:158-66. [PMID: 20137855 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Revised: 12/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present data showed that sunitinib potentiated the in vitro and in vivo anticancer capabilities of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), also known as Apo2 ligand. Interactions between sunitinib and TRAIL were examined in colon cancer SW620 cells and lung cancer 95-D cells. The average combination index (CI) values of the anti-proliferation abilities on each cancer cell line were less than 1.0, demonstrating the synergism of the combination of sunitinib and TRAIL. Western blot experiments indicated that TRAIL and sunitinib synergistically enhanced apoptosis by simultaneously activating the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. The decrease in the expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins cFLIP, XIAP and Mcl-1 were probably involved in this apoptosis enhancement. Furthermore, treatment of colon cancer SW620-bearing nude mice with sunitinib plus TRAIL resulted in more significant tumor growth inhibition (52.8%), comparing with the moderate inhibition in TRAIL-treated (35.3%) or sunitinib-treated groups (26.7%) (p<0.05). These results indicate that the combination of TRAIL with sunitinib seems highly encouraging and warrants further investigation in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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32
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Liu F, Wang JJ, You ZY, Zhang YD, Zhao Y. Radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells is enhanced by EGFR inhibitor C225. Urol Oncol 2010; 28:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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RHAMM (CD168) is overexpressed at the protein level and may constitute an immunogenic antigen in advanced prostate cancer disease. Neoplasia 2009; 11:956-63. [PMID: 19724689 DOI: 10.1593/neo.09694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized prostate cancer (CaP) can be cured using several strategies. However, the need to identify active substances in advanced tumor stages is tremendous, as the outcome in such cases is still disappointing. One approach is to deliver human tumor antigen-targeted therapy, which is recognized by T cells or antibodies. We used data mining of the Cancer Immunome Database (CID), which comprises potential immunologic targets identified by serological screening of expression libraries. Candidate antigens were screened by DNA microarrays. Genes were then validated at the protein level by tissue microarrays, representing various stages of CaP disease. Of 43 targets identified by CID, 10 showed an overexpression on the complementary DNA array in CaP metastases. The RHAMM (CD168) gene, earlier identified by our group as an immunogenic antigen in acute and chronic leukemia, also showed highly significant overexpression in CaP metastases compared with localized disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia. At the protein level, RHAMM was highest in metastatic tissue samples and significantly higher in neoplastic localized disease compared with benign tissue. High RHAMM expression was associated with clinical parameters known to be linked to better clinical outcome. Patients with high RHAMM expression in the primaries had a significantly lower risk of biochemical failure. The number of viable cells in cell cultures was reduced in blocking experiments using hormone-sensitive and hormone-insensitive metastatic CaP cell lines. Acknowledging the proven immunogenic effects of RHAMM in leukemia, this antigen is intriguing as a therapeutic target in far-advanced CaP.
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Song IC, Lim JS, Yun HJ, Kim S, Kang DY, Lee HJ. Biochemical and pathological response of prostate cancer in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma on sunitinib treatment. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2009; 39:833-6. [PMID: 19773269 PMCID: PMC7299431 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyp110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib is a small molecular inhibitor of tyrosine kinases and is used to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour after disease progression or intolerance to imatinib therapy. Here, we describe biochemical and pathological response of prostate cancer in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma during sunitinib treatment. A 62-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a mass in the scalp. He was diagnosed with left renal cell carcinoma with right renal and scalp metastases. In addition, synchronous prostate cancer involving less than one-half of the right lobe was found with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value of 23.4 ng/ml. Treatment was begun with sunitinib (50 mg daily, 4 weeks on and 2 weeks off). Regarding the prostate cancer, active monitoring was planned considering the far advanced renal cell carcinoma. Surprisingly, the PSA level was 3.4 ng/ml at week 6 and 0.2 ng/ml at week 12, and it subsequently remained normal. At the time of writing (cycle 6 of sunitinib therapy), the prostate nodule significantly decreased in size. Furthermore, a 12-core re-biopsy revealed pathological evidence of regression with sunitinib treatment, with control of his renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Chan Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, Korea
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35
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Horti J, Widmark A, Stenzl A, Federico MH, Abratt RP, Sanders N, Pover GM, Bodrogi I. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study of vandetanib plus docetaxel/prednisolone in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2009; 24:175-80. [PMID: 19409038 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2008.0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vandetanib (ZACTIMA) is a once-daily oral anticancer drug that selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and rearranged during transfection signaling. This randomized (1:1), double-blind study evaluated vandetanib (100 mg/day) or placebo in combination with docetaxel (D; 75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks) and prednisolone (P; 2 x 5 mg/day) in 86 patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (mHRPC). The primary assessment was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response (confirmed reduction of >or=50% from baseline) and a greater number of patients showed a PSA response with placebo + DP (67%) versus vandetanib + DP (40%); hazard ratio = 2.23 (one-sided 80% confidence limit = 2.90; one-sided p = 0.99). More patients experienced progression events (disease progression or death from any cause) with vandetanib + DP (65%) versus placebo + DP (60%); hazard ratio = 1.13 (one-sided 80% confidence limit = 1.44; one-sided p = 0.67). The overall incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups, although more patients experienced adverse events, leading to permanent discontinuation with vandetanib + DP (28%) versus placebo + DP (12%). However, the safety and tolerability profile for vandetanib was similar to that previously reported; adverse events that occurred more frequently in the vandetanib + DP arm were hypertension (14% vs. 2%), erythematous rash (14% vs. 2%), and exfoliative rash (12% vs. 2%). In this study of patients with mHRPC, vandetanib + DP did not demonstrate any efficacy benefit, compared with placebo + DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Horti
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
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Dai CL, Liang YJ, Wang YS, Tiwari AK, Yan YY, Wang F, Chen ZS, Tong XZ, Fu LW. Sensitization of ABCG2-overexpressing cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agent by sunitinib was associated with inhibiting the function of ABCG2. Cancer Lett 2009; 279:74-83. [PMID: 19232821 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib is an ATP-competitive multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In this study, we evaluated the possible interaction of sunitinib with P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) and lung-resistance protein (LRP) in vitro. Our results showed that sunitinib completely reverse drug resistance mediated by ABCG2 at a non-toxic concentration of 2.5muM and has no significant reversal effect on ABCB1-, ABCC1- and LRP-mediated drug resistance, although a small synergetic effect was observed in combining sunitinib and conventional chemotherapeutic agents in ABCB1 overexpressing MCF-7/adr and parental sensitive MCF-7 cells, ABCC1 overexpressing C-A120 and parental sensitive KB-3-1 cells. Sunitinib significantly increased intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 and doxorubicin and remarkably inhibited the efflux of rhodamine 123 and methotrexate by ABCG2 in ABCG2-overexpressing cells, and also profoundly inhibited the transport of [(3)H]-methotrexate by ABCG2. However, sunitinib did not affect the expression of ABCG2 at mRNA or protein levels. In addition, sunitinib did not block the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 in ABCG2-overexpressing or parental sensitive cells. Overall, we conclude that sunitinib reverses ABCG2-mediated MDR through inhibiting the drug efflux function of ABCG2. These findings may be useful for cancer combinational therapy with sunitinib in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-ling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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37
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[Value of targeted therapy for prostate cancer]. Urologe A 2009; 47:1315-9. [PMID: 18587554 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-008-1748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent malignancy of the male population. Every year in Germany approximately 12,000 patients die of their hormone-refractory prostate cancer even though early detection is able to find more curable prostate cancers. In a hormone-refractory stage we only have limited options for treatment. Although docetaxel is currently the standard of care in most hormone-refractory prostate cancers, it is not the magic therapy that will dramatically change the patient's poor survival. This drug provides an overall survival advantage of 2 months. During recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of molecular therapy in urologic oncology. Targeted therapy leads to an inhibition of angiogenesis and proliferation in malignant tumors. Even if there is a great theoretical potential, mono- and combination therapies with target substances are not relevant in the clinical routine.
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Cumashi A, Tinari N, Rossi C, Lattanzio R, Natoli C, Piantelli M, Iacobelli S. Sunitinib malate (SU-11248) alone or in combination with low-dose docetaxel inhibits the growth of DU-145 prostate cancer xenografts. Cancer Lett 2008; 270:229-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Zhou Q, Gallo JM. Differential effect of sunitinib on the distribution of temozolomide in an orthotopic glioma model. Neuro Oncol 2008; 11:301-10. [PMID: 18971416 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2008-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Normalization of tumor vasculature by antiangiogenic agents may improve the delivery of cytotoxic drugs to the tumor, leading to more effective therapy. In this study, we used pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches to investigate how sunitinib at different dose levels affects brain distribution of temozolomide (TMZ), and to ascertain the relationship between intratumoral TMZ concentrations and tumor vascularity in an orthotopic human glioma model. Three groups of intracerebral U87MG tumor-bearing mice were given either vehicle or sunitinib at 20 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg per day for 7 days before receiving a steady-state regimen of TMZ that consisted of an intravenous bolus and a 3-h intraarterial infusion. TMZ concentrations in plasma, normal brain, and brain tumor were determined, and several biomarkers related to the antiangiogenic activity of sunitinib were examined. TMZ distribution in the normal brain as indicated by the brain-to-plasma steady-state TMZ concentration ratios was analogous across the three treatment groups. The brain tumor-to-plasma steady-state TMZ concentration (ss C(t)/C(p)) ratio was significantly increased in the 20 mg/kg sunitinib group (0.98 +/- 0.17) compared with the control (0.76 +/- 0.17) and 60 mg/kg sunitinib (0.68 +/- 0.09) groups. The ss C(t)/C(p) ratios were significantly correlated with the vascular normalization index (VNI), derived from the expression of CD31, collagen IV, and alpha-smooth muscle actin, which represents the fraction of functioning vessels out of the total tumor vessels. In conclusion, the effect of sunitinib on the brain tumor distribution of TMZ was dose dependent and indicated that optimal tumor exposure was achieved at a lower dose and was associated with the VNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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40
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Systemic nonhormonal management of advanced prostate cancer and its likely impact on patients' survival and quality of life. Anticancer Drugs 2008; 19:645-53. [PMID: 18525325 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3282ff0f48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a hormonal sensitive disease with a response rate ranging from 80 to 90%; however, the majority of patients develop hormone resistance resulting in poor long term survival. Chemotherapy has demonstrated a benefit over steroids in improving the quality of life in the hormone refractory phase. Furthermore, the introduction of docetaxel succeeded in improving the survival of these patients in first-line therapy. Second-line treatment following docetaxel is challenging with no agent classified as standard in this setting. In the last 5 years, several drugs have shown promising results in initial evaluation. However, randomized phase III trials would be needed to answer this question. The majority of patients develop bone metastasis and the use of bisphosphonates has yielded encouraging results. Our understanding of the biology of hormone refractory prostate cancer has improved dramatically over the past few years and has translated into the developments of new therapeutic targets for this disease. Agents affecting several targets, including calcitriol, endotheline-1, bcl-2, and angiogenesis, are being studied currently and have the potential to change the treatment paradigms of this otherwise fatal disease. This review focuses on current and potential treatment options, including cytotoxic agents, bisphosphonates, and targeted agents, for patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer and the impact of these options on survival and quality of life.
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De Dosso S, Berthold DR. Docetaxel in the management of prostate cancer: current standard of care and future directions. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 9:1969-79. [PMID: 18627334 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.11.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced and metastatic prostate cancer continues to represent a significant healthcare burden. Since the publication of two randomized trials that showed significant survival and palliative benefits for men treated with docetaxel, this drug has become the treatment of choice for patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). OBJECTIVE This review discusses the development and current use of docetaxel in metastatic CRPC, as well as future clinical applications. METHODS The current literature, meeting abstracts and ClinicalTrials.gov have been reviewed. The most relevant studies involving patients with prostate cancer receiving therapy with docetaxel, alone or in combination with other agents, have been summarised. CONCLUSION Docetaxel monotherapy is the approved treatment for patients with metastatic CRPC, and its association with other agents, such as targeted therapies, is currently under study. Several trials are currently ongoing to investigate the use of docetaxel in the early stages of disease, particularly in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings for patients with high-risk disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Dosso
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Ospedale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
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42
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Klonisch T, Wiechec E, Hombach-Klonisch S, Ande SR, Wesselborg S, Schulze-Osthoff K, Los M. Cancer stem cell markers in common cancers - therapeutic implications. Trends Mol Med 2008; 14:450-60. [PMID: 18775674 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in the cancer stem cell (CSC) field have provided cause for optimism for the development of more reliable cancer therapies in the future. Strategies aimed at efficient targeting of CSCs are becoming important for monitoring the progress of cancer therapy and for evaluating new therapeutic approaches. Here, we characterize and compare the specific markers that have been found to be present on stem cells, cancer cells and CSCs in selected tissues (colon, breast, liver, pancreas and prostate). We then discuss future directions of this intriguing new research field in the context of new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 0W3, MB, Canada
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43
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Vertical VEGF targeting: A combination of ligand blockade with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:1922-30. [PMID: 18691881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the anti-tumour effects of dual vertical VEGF targeting consisting in the association between bevacizumab, a VEGF-depleting drug, and the VEGF receptor antityrosine kinase AZD2171. Mice bearing human head and neck CAL33 xenografted tumours were treated once daily for 11 d with either vehicle (controls), AZD2171 (2.5mg/kg/day, p.o.), bevacizumab (5mg/kg/day, i.p.) or the bevacizumab-AZD2171 combination. The AZD2171-bevacizumab combination produced additive effects on tumour growth and reduced the number of proliferating cells relative to control. Bevacizumab did not influence tumour vascular necrosis whilst AZD2171 (p=0.01) and the combination (p=0.01) increased it. The number of mature tumour cells decreased significantly with the combination treatment only (p=0.001), which induced the largest increase in the Bax/Bcl2 ratio (up to 25-fold) and a progressive 3-fold decrease in HIF1-alpha expression between 24h and 192h. The present data indicate that there is no redundancy in targeting the same angiogenic pathway with the presently tested clinically applicable drugs. The study provides a strong rationale for future clinical trials.
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44
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Mimeault M, Mehta PP, Hauke R, Batra SK. Functions of normal and malignant prostatic stem/progenitor cells in tissue regeneration and cancer progression and novel targeting therapies. Endocr Rev 2008; 29:234-52. [PMID: 18292464 PMCID: PMC2528844 DOI: 10.1210/er.2007-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent advancements that have improved our understanding of the functions of prostatic stem/progenitor cells in maintaining homeostasis of the prostate gland. We also describe the oncogenic events that may contribute to their malignant transformation into prostatic cancer stem/progenitor cells during cancer initiation and progression to metastatic disease stages. The molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the intrinsic or the acquisition of a resistant phenotype by the prostatic cancer stem/progenitor cells and their differentiated progenies with a luminal phenotype to the current therapies and disease relapse are also reviewed. The emphasis is on the critical functions of distinct tumorigenic signaling cascades induced through the epidermal growth factor system, hedgehog, Wnt/beta-catenin, and/or stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine receptor-4 pathways as well as the deregulated apoptotic signaling elements and ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporter. Of particular therapeutic interest, we also discuss the potential beneficial effects associated with the targeting of these signaling elements to overcome the resistance to current treatments and prostate cancer recurrence. The combined targeted strategies toward distinct oncogenic signaling cascades in prostatic cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies as well as their local microenvironment, which could improve the efficacy of current clinical chemotherapeutic treatments against incurable, androgen-independent, and metastatic prostate cancers, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- and Surinder K. Batra, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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45
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Zhou Q, Guo P, Gallo JM. Impact of Angiogenesis Inhibition by Sunitinib on Tumor Distribution of Temozolomide. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1540-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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