1
|
Banala TR, Salunke AA, Bharwani N, Patel K, Maharjan D, Patel S, Warikoo V, Sharma M, Pandya S. Distal Ulna Giant Cell Tumor treated by Resection without Reconstruction: What were the functional outcomes and review of literature. J Orthop 2024; 53:118-124. [PMID: 38495577 PMCID: PMC10940127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Giant Cell Tumours (GCT) are benign tumours with aggressive potential that disrupt the local bony architecture, which can be especially problematic in peri-articular locations. Our aim was to assess the outcomes of patients with GCT of the distal ulna who were treated by resection without reconstruction. Methods The study included 21 patients with distal ulna GCT that were treated with resection without reconstruction. There were 12 males and 9 females, with a mean age of 30.4years (range 14-45 years). The patients mean follow-up period was 4.4 years, with a two-year minimum follow-up. Results Painful swelling was the presenting symtom in all cases. Nineteen patients had Campanacci grade 3 and two had Campanacci grade 2. The mean resected length of the distal ulna was 6.8 cm (range 4-10) cm. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score (MSTS) was 26.1. (range 22-28). Grip strength of the affected hand was reduced by 10.5% on average. (range 0%-16%). Two patients were having multi-centric disease on presentation and none of the cases had pathological fracture on presentation. One case had a local recurrence which was treated with surgery. Conclusion Based on current study, GCT of the distal ulna, en bloc resection without reconstruction can be recommended as a valuable treatment option for Campanacci grades 2 and 3 tumours. Resection of the distal end of the ulna without reconstruction results in excellent functional outcomes, with forearm rotational movement and hand function preserved. According to review of literature this is the largest series of GCT Ulna and we recommend a multicentre and comparitive studies on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Reddy Banala
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhijeet Ashok Salunke
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nandlal Bharwani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Keval Patel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipendra Maharjan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailesh Patel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vikas Warikoo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shashank Pandya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Todi N, Hiltzik DM, Moore DD. Giant cell tumor of bone and secondary osteoarthritis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30890. [PMID: 38807896 PMCID: PMC11130671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone is a commonly encountered aggressive epiphyseal bone tumor, most often treated surgically. The natural history and presentation are classically described but the histopathology is poorly understood. Intralesional curettage is the mainstay of treatment, but there is significant variation in the use of adjuvant and cavity filling modalities. No gold standard has been agreed upon for treatment, and a variety of techniques are currently in use. Given its location, secondary osteoarthritis is a known long-term complication. This review examines the natural history of giant cell tumors, treatment options and complications, and subsequent development of osteoarthritis. Arthroplasty is usually indicated for secondary osteoarthritis although data is limited on its efficacy. Further directions will likely center on improved pharmacological treatments as well as improved arthroplasty techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niket Todi
- Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - David M. Hiltzik
- Northwestern University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Drew D. Moore
- Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 586 Pioneer Dr, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gharpinde MR, Pisulkar G, Taywade S, Awasthi AA, Suneja A. Excision of a Giant Cell Tumor With Bone Grafting and Bone Cementing of the Proximal Humerus: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e59492. [PMID: 38826960 PMCID: PMC11144043 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the bone are uncommon neoplasms that predominantly affect the metaphysis of long bones, with proximal humerus involvement being less frequent. We present the case of a 58-year-old male who presented with a two-month history of progressive right shoulder pain and difficulty in raising his arm. Clinical examination revealed a palpable swelling on the lateral aspect of the right arm. Radiological investigations, including X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), confirmed the presence of a primary osseous neoplasm involving the proximal humerus, suggestive of a GCT. The patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor with bone grafting and bone cementing of the proximal humerus. Post-operative care included prescribed medications and physiotherapy. This case highlights the successful management of GCTs of the proximal humerus through a multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing the importance of meticulous surgical technique, appropriate reconstruction, and comprehensive post-operative care for optimal patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milind R Gharpinde
- Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Gajanan Pisulkar
- Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shounak Taywade
- Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Abhiram A Awasthi
- Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Anmol Suneja
- Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gyemi L, Selznick A, Petrisor B, Ghert M. Time to full weight-bearing with the use of a calcium sulfate-calcium phosphate bone substitute as a bone void filler following extended curettage in the treatment of primary benign bone tumours. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2024; 32:10225536241254200. [PMID: 38733211 DOI: 10.1177/10225536241254200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to determine time to full weight-bearing after the use of a calcium-sulfate-calcium phosphate bone substitute (CaSO4/CaPO4) as a bone void filler in the treatment of primary benign bone tumours following intralesional curettage. The secondary objectives were to determine surgical complications and recurrence rates. METHODS Retrospective review of patients identified from a surgeon-specific orthopaedic oncology database, who underwent curettage of benign bone tumours and subsequent bone void filling with CaSO4/CaPO4. RESULTS A total of 39 patients (20 males, 19 females) met inclusion criteria with an average age of 31 years (range: 13 to 62 years), a median follow-up of 3.7 years, and a maximum follow-up of 11 years. The most common tumour diagnosis was giant cell tumour of bone (GCT) (n = 19), and the most common location was the proximal tibia (n = 9). The mean volume of tumour excised was 74.1 cm3 including extraosseous bone expansion due to tumour growth, with a mean of volume of 21.4 mL of CaSO4/CaPO4 used to fill the intraosseous cavitary defects to restore normal bone anatomy. None of the lesions required additional internal fixation. The primary outcome measure, average time to full weight-bearing/full range of motion, was 11 weeks and 6 weeks for upper and lower extremity lesions, respectively. Secondary outcomes included tumour recurrence requiring reoperation in five patients and infection requiring reoperation in two patients. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that CaSO4/CaPO4 is a viable option as a bone void filler in the reconstruction of cavitary defects following removal of primary benign bone tumours. CaSO4/CaPO4 provides sufficient bone regeneration early in the post-operative period to allow progression to full weight-bearing within weeks without the need for internal fixation. There were no graft-specific complications noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Gyemi
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Asher Selznick
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brad Petrisor
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Ghert
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui L, Sun Y, Jin T, Fan D, Liu W. Giant cell tumor of bone at distal radius suffered more soft tissue recurrence and ultrasonography is effective to detect the soft tissue recurrence. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:103. [PMID: 38573423 PMCID: PMC10994907 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is rare. This study aims to provide its prevalence, recurrent locations, risk factors, effective detection methods and a modified classification for this recurrence. METHODS Patients with soft tissue recurrence after primary surgery for GCTB were screened from January 2003 to December 2022. General data, recurrence frequency, types according to an original classification (type-I: peripheral ossification; type-II: central ossification; type-III: without ossification), a modified classification with more detailed subtypes (type I-1: ≤ 1/2 peripheral ossification; type I-2: ≥ 1/2 peripheral ossification; type II-1: ≤ 1/2 central ossification; type II-2: ≥ 1/2 central ossification; type III: without ossification), locations, detection methods such as ultrasonography, X-ray, CT or MRI, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores were recorded. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for recurrence frequency. RESULTS A total of 558 recurrent cases were identified from 2009 patients with GCTB. Among them, 32 were soft tissue recurrence. The total recurrence rate was 27.78% (558/2009). Soft tissue recurrence rate was 5.73% among 558 recurrent cases, and 1.59% among 2009 GCTB patients, respectively. After excluding one patient lost to follow-up, 10 males and 21 females with the mean age of 28.52 ± 9.93 (16-57) years were included. The definitive diagnosis of all recurrences was confirmed by postoperative pathology. The interval from primary surgery to the first recurrence was 23.23 ± 26.12 (2-27) months. Eight recurrences occurred from primary GCTB located at distal radius, followed by distal femur (6 cases). Recurrence occurred twice in 12 patients and 3 times in 7 patients. Twenty-seven recurrences were firstly detected by ultrasonography, followed by CT or X-ray (10 cases in each). Types at the first recurrence were 5 cases in type-I, 8 in type-II and 18 in type-III. According to the modified classification, 3 patients in type I-1, 2 in type I-2, 1 in type II-1, 7 in type II-2, and 18 in type III. The mean MSTS score was 26.62 ± 4.21 (14-30). Neither Campanacci grade nor recurrence type, modified classification and other characters, were identified as risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Soft tissue recurrence of GCTB may recur for more than once and distal radius was the most common location of primary GCTB that would suffer a soft tissue recurrence. Ultrasonography was a useful method to detect the recurrence. Since no risk factors were discovered, a careful follow-up with ultrasonography was recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukuan Cui
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM·Hebei, No. 5, Xianghai Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research (Preparing), No. 5, Xianghai Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Steet, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Steet, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyang Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Steet, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Steet, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gharpinde MR, Pundkar A, Shrivastava S, Chandanwale R, Patel H. Successful Surgical Management of a Giant Cell Tumor in the Proximal Tibia: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e59173. [PMID: 38807825 PMCID: PMC11129956 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the bone present unique challenges in management due to their locally aggressive nature and potential for recurrence. This case report describes the successful surgical management of a GCT located in the proximal tibia of a 28-year-old female. The patient presented with six months of pain and swelling following a traumatic injury to the knee. Diagnostic imaging confirmed the presence of a GCT, leading to preoperative prophylactic embolization to reduce intraoperative bleeding. Surgical excision of the tumor was performed, followed by reconstruction using autologous fibula grafts and plate fixation. Postoperative care included analgesia, antibiotics, and physiotherapy. Regular follow-up demonstrated satisfactory clinical outcomes without evidence of recurrence. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach combining surgical expertise, preoperative planning, and postoperative rehabilitation to achieve favorable outcomes in managing GCTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milind R Gharpinde
- Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Aditya Pundkar
- Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sandeep Shrivastava
- Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Rohan Chandanwale
- Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Hardik Patel
- Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Spodeck D, Guder W, Streitbürger A, Dudda M, Podleska LE, Nottrott M, Hardes J. Pathological Fractures in Benign Bone Lesions - Diagnosis and Therapy. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ORTHOPADIE UND UNFALLCHIRURGIE 2024; 162:69-78. [PMID: 35882354 DOI: 10.1055/a-1850-2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most tumour-related pathological fractures occur in patients with bone metastases. However, in mostly younger patients, a pathological fracture can be due to both a benign or a malignant bone tumour. Making the correct diagnosis from among these two differential diagnoses is enormously important. If the tumour is malignant, treating the fracture inevitably leads to tumour cell contamination and can significantly worsen the oncological situation. The aim of this review article is firstly to provide the reader with diagnostic assistance in the case of suspected pathological fractures, and secondly to focus on the treatment of pathological fractures occurring with benign bone tumours. METHODS This is a non-systematic review of the diagnosis and treatment of pathological fractures in benign bone tumours or tumour-like lesions, based on an electronic PubMed database search. We also present our own procedures, in particular for ruling out a malignant bone tumour. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Whenever a fracture occurs in the absence of sufficient traumatic force, the possibility of a pathological fracture should always be considered. As well as taking a general history for a possible primary tumour, it is particularly important to ask the patient whether they had any pain before the fracture occurred. If the findings from clinical examination or conventional radiological imaging give rise to suspicion of a pathological fracture, an MRI of the affected skeletal section with contrast medium should be carried out before commencing any fracture treatment. A CT scan is also helpful for accurately assessing bone destruction. If a malignant or locally aggressive benign bone tumour such as giant cell tumour (GCT) or aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) cannot be definitively ruled out through imaging, a biopsy is essential. The bone biopsy must always be carried out on the assumption that the histological work-up will reveal a malignant bone tumour; it must therefore be performed according to strict oncological criteria. If the radiological diagnosis is unambiguous, e. g., a juvenile bone cyst (JBC) or a non-ossifying fibroma (NOF), conservative treatment of the fracture can be considered, depending on the location. In the presence of a locally aggressive benign bone tumour such as a GCT or ABC, curettage of the tumour must be carried out as well as treating the fracture. With GCT in particular, neoadjuvant therapy with denosumab prior to curettage and osteosynthesis or en bloc resection of the tumour should be considered, depending on the extent of the tumour. CONCLUSION Pathological fractures, especially in younger patients, should not be overlooked. Only after a malignant or benign locally aggressive bone tumour has been definitively ruled out should fracture treatment be performed. In the presence of a locally aggressive bone tumour, as well as treating the fracture, it is usually necessary to perform curettage of the tumour - also en bloc resection, where applicable, in the case of a GCT. Depending on the location, benign, non-aggressive tumours can be treated conservatively if necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Spodeck
- Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Wiebke Guder
- Klinik für Tumororthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Arne Streitbürger
- Klinik für Tumororthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Marcel Dudda
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Deutschland
- Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Lars Erik Podleska
- Klinik für Tumororthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Markus Nottrott
- Klinik für Tumororthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Jendrik Hardes
- Klinik für Tumororthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miao Z, Xu M, Zheng K, Gong H, Yan N, Chen Q, Yu X. Denosumab combined with precision radiotherapy for recurrent giant cell tumor of the thoracic spine: a case report and literature review. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1308600. [PMID: 38239323 PMCID: PMC10794628 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1308600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumors of the spine have a high recurrence rate owing to their special anatomical site; hence, further treatment after recurrence is very challenging. Achieving effective tumor control and improving the long-term quality of life of the patients are the main treatment purposes to consider for recurrent giant cell tumors of the spine. A patient showing giant cell tumor recurrence of the thoracic spine after curettage received denosumab combined with precision radiotherapy, through which the tumor gained good control and the patient could regain normal functioning. A review of the relevant literature suggested that denosumab combined with radiotherapy is an effective new approach for the treatment of recurrent giant cell tumors of the spine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zukang Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Hai Gong
- Department of Radiotherapy, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuchun Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdellatif MA, Rabi K, Ghanem AT, Dawoud A, Bakri IA. Giant Cell Tumor of the Frontal Bone: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2024; 16:e52834. [PMID: 38406073 PMCID: PMC10884722 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumors (GCTs), typically benign, predominantly manifest in individuals aged 20-40, with the most common locations being the metaphysis or epiphysis of the femur or tibia. Infrequently, they may occur in the skull. Despite their benign nature, these tumors can exhibit aggressive behavior and have the potential to metastasize. In the case at hand, a 20-year-old female presented to the hospital with a progressively enlarging right frontal swelling over the preceding months. The patient reported intermittent headaches, alleviated by analgesics, and exhibited a normal neurological examination along with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15 out of 15. Imaging revealed an expansive soft tissue mass in the right frontal bone involving both inner and outer tables. Surgical intervention was pursued through a right frontal incision followed by tumor excision. Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the presence of a GCT. The limited existing literature on this topic highlights the need for further research and insights into effective strategies. This case contributes to addressing this gap in knowledge, offering valuable information to enhance our understanding of the challenges associated with similar rare cases and improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ar Abdellatif
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| | - Karam Rabi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
- Department of Neurosurgery, Palestinian Medical Complex, Ramallah, PSE
| | - Ahmed T Ghanem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Palestinian Medical Complex, Ramallah, PSE
| | - Ahmed Dawoud
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| | - Izzeddin A Bakri
- Department of Pathology, Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital, Jerusalem, PSE
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tschavoll F, Lutteri G, Leinauer B, Mellert K, Möller P, Barth TFE. [Giant cell tumor of bone-an update]. PATHOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 44:215-219. [PMID: 37985483 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-023-01271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, numerous new insights have been gained in the field of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). On the one hand, the detection of the highly characteristic histone mutation in the H3F3A gene in GCTB is becoming increasingly important in diagnostics in differentiating GCTB from other giant cell-rich lesions of bone as well as for defining rare variants of GCTB without osteoclastic giant cells. On the other hand, the effects of the H3F3A mutation were shown to have an impact on the epigenetic profile of tumor-driving stromal cells, providing new insights into tumorigenesis of GCTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Tschavoll
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Gianluca Lutteri
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Benedikt Leinauer
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Kevin Mellert
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Peter Möller
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Thomas F E Barth
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Poosiripinyo T, Sukpanichyingyong S, Salang K, Mahikul W, Chobpenthai T. Non‑surgical outcomes and risk factors for pulmonary metastasis from giant cell tumor of bone. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:508. [PMID: 37920440 PMCID: PMC10618933 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study detailed four factors associated with an increased risk of pulmonary metastasis, age, pathological fracture, local recurrence and mode of treatment. Local recurrence and pathological fracture were independent risk factors for developing metastasis. From January 2016 to December 2021, data from 50 patients diagnosed with giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) treated in Khon Kaen Hospital, Thailand, were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors, including age at diagnosis, location of GCTB, clinical presentation, Campanacci stage and no. of local recurrences, for GCTB-induced pulmonary metastasis were evaluated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Of the 50 patients analyzed, 9 patients (18%), with a mean age of 46.3 years (range, 18-68 years), developed pulmonary metastasis. No patients died from pulmonary metastasis in the present study. Statistically significant associations were observed between the development of metastasis and both clinical fracture [odds ratio (OR), 6.107; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-34.70] and local recurrence (OR, 6.48; 95% CI, 1.03-40.87). Patients presenting with both a clinical fracture and local tumor recurrence require more rigorous clinical observation due to the significantly elevated risk of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanate Poosiripinyo
- Department of Orthopedics, Khon Kaen Hospital, Mueang Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | | | - Krits Salang
- Department of Orthopedics, Khon Kaen Hospital, Mueang Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Wiriya Mahikul
- Department of Orthopedics, Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Thanapon Chobpenthai
- Department of Orthopedics, Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tabarestani TQ, Levine N, Sachs E, Scholl A, Colglazier R, French R, Al-Rohil R, Brigman B, Eward W, Visgauss J. Giant cell tumor of bone in the pediatric population: a retrospective study highlighting cases of metaphyseal only location and increased local recurrence rates in skeletally immature patients. Skeletal Radiol 2023; 52:2399-2408. [PMID: 37154873 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the presentation of giant cell tumors (GCT) of the bone in the pediatric population to (1) improve the differential diagnosis of pediatric bone tumors and (2) identify the origin of GCT. Understanding the origin of bone tumors assists in establishing appropriate diagnoses and recommending treatment options. This is particularly important in children, where evaluating the need for invasive procedures is balanced with the desire to avoid overtreatment. GCT have historically been considered epiphyseal lesions with potential metaphyseal extension. Therefore, GCT may be inappropriately excluded from the differential diagnosis of metaphyseal lesions in the skeletally immature. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 14 patients from 1981 to 2021 at a single institution who had histologic confirmation of GCT and were less than 18 years old at diagnosis. Patient characteristics, tumor location, surgical treatment, and local recurrence rates were collected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Ten (71%) patients were female. Eleven (78.6%) were epiphysiometaphyseal (1 epiphyseal, 4 metaphyseal, 6 epiphysiometaphyseal). Five patients had an open adjacent physis, of which three (60%) had tumors confined solely to the metaphysis. Of the five patients with open physis, four (80%) developed local recurrence while only one patient (11%) with a closed physis had local recurrence (p value = 0.0023). Our results illustrate that for the skeletally immature, GCT can (and in our results more commonly did) occur in the metaphyseal location. These findings suggest that GCT should be included in the differential diagnosis of primary metaphyseal-only lesions in the skeletally immature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troy Q Tabarestani
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Nicole Levine
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sachs
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashley Scholl
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Roy Colglazier
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert French
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rami Al-Rohil
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian Brigman
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William Eward
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julia Visgauss
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salduz A, Bayram S, Müçteba Yıldırım A, Civan M, Alpan B, Valiyev N, Eralp L, Özger H. Is higher body mass index associated with secondary osteoarthritis in patients treated with bone cement for benign aggressive bone tumors? Long-term evaluation of 43 patients. Knee 2023; 45:178-186. [PMID: 37931365 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the secondary osteoarthritis rate in patients with benign aggressive bone tumors treated with curettage and cementing at long-term follow up. METHODS Patients diagnosed with benign aggressive bone tumor (giant cell or aneurysmal bone cyst), treated with extended curettage and cementation with polymethylmethacrylate, who had a minimum of 60 months of follow up after surgery were included in this study. After definitive diagnoses were confirmed by a histopathologist, we decided to perform standard surgical management. Osteoarthritis was staged radiologically using the Kellgren-Lawrence scoring system, and the contralateral knees of the patients were used as the control group. Based on the Kellgren-Lawrence classification system, stages 3 and 4 were accepted as the existence of osteoarthritis. Body mass index, the distance to the subchondral joint line, tumor mass volume, the location of the tumor (i.e., femur, tibia, medial condyle, or lateral condyle), age, and sex were also investigated, all of which are factors that can affect the occurrence of osteoarthritis. RESULTS Forty-three patients, 24 male (56%) and 19 female (44%), were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 29.5 ± 10 years, and mean follow up duration was 128.7 months. Tumor localization was the distal femur in 20 patients (46.5%) and the proximal tibia in 23 patients (53.5%). The mean tumor mass volume was 77.84 cm3 and the distance to the knee joint subchondral line was 3.2 ± 2 mm. According to this scoring system, 14 patients were at stage 0, 10 patients were at stage 1, 10 patients were at stage 2, four patients were at stage 3, and five patients were at stage 4. When we compared osteoarthritis development, the affected knee had a significantly higher rate of osteoarthritis development than the contralateral knee. A univariate analysis demonstrated that age (P = 0.002) and body mass index (P = 0.045) were associated with secondary osteoarthritis. Moreover, multivariate analysis demonstrated that none of the variables were independently associated with secondary osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION Patients with contralateral osteoarthritis had bilateral knee osteoarthritis, indicating that primary osteoarthritis progressed in both knees. Seven of the 43 patients (16.2%) showed secondary osteoarthritis. Although age and body mass index were associated with secondary osteoarthritis in univariate analysis, none of the variables were independently associated with secondary osteoarthritis in the multivariate analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Salduz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Bayram
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Müçteba Yıldırım
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melih Civan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buğra Alpan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Natig Valiyev
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Maslak/Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Eralp
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Harzem Özger
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chao B, Jiao J, Yang L, Wang Y, Yu T, Liu H, Zhang H, Li M, Wang W, Cui X, Du S, Wang Z, Wu M. Comprehensive evaluation and advanced modification of polymethylmethacrylate cement in bone tumor treatment. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9369-9385. [PMID: 37712890 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01494k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone tumors are invasive diseases with a tendency toward recurrence, disability, and high mortality rates due to their grievous complications. As a commercial polymeric biomaterial, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement possesses remarkable mechanical properties, injectability, and plasticity and is, therefore, frequently applied in bone tissue engineering. Numerous positive effects in bone tumor treatment have been demonstrated, including biomechanical stabilization, analgesic effects, and tumor recurrence prevention. However, to our knowledge, a comprehensive evaluation of the application of the PMMA cement in bone tumor treatment has not yet been reported. This review comprehensively evaluates the efficiency and complications of the PMMA cement in bone tumor treatment, for the first time, and introduces advanced modification strategies, providing an objective and reliable reference for the application of the PMMA cement in treating bone tumors. We have also summarized the current research on modifications to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of the PMMA cement, such as drug carriers and magnetic hyperthermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chao
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhang Jiao
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Lili Yang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Tong Yu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - He Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Mufeng Li
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangran Cui
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Shangyu Du
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| | - Minfei Wu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mahdal M, Tomáš T, Apostolopoulos V, Adámková D, Múdry P, Staniczková Zambo I, Pazourek L. Proximal Tibia Tumour Location and Curettage Are Major Risk Factors of Local Recurrence in Giant Cell Tumour of Bone. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4664. [PMID: 37760632 PMCID: PMC10526787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is one of the most common local aggressive tumourous lesions with a wide variety of biological behaviour. However, there are no clear indicative criteria when choosing the type of procedure and the complication rates remain high, especially in terms of local recurrence. The purpose of the study was to (1) identify the main risk factors for local recurrence, (2) evaluate the recurrence-free survival in dependence on neoadjuvant denosumab use and the type of procedure, and (3) compare the functional outcomes after curettage and en bloc resection. The group included 102 patients with GCTB treated between 2006 and 2020. The mean age of patients was 34.4 years (15-79). The follow-up period was 8.32 years (2-16) on average. Local recurrence occurred in 14 patients (29.8%) who underwent curettage and in 5 patients (10.6%) after en bloc resection. Curettage was shown to be a factor in increasing recurrence rates (OR = 3.64 [95% CI: 1.19-11.15]; p = 0.023). Tibial location was an independent risk factor for local recurrence regardless of the type of surgery (OR = 3.22 [95% CI: 1.09-9.48]; p = 0.026). The recurrence-free survival rate of patients treated with resection and denosumab was higher compared to other treatments at five years postoperatively (p = 0.0307). Functional ability and pain as reported by patients at the latest follow-up were superior after curettage compared to resection for upper and lower extremity (mean difference: -4.00 [95% CI: -6.81 to -1.18]; p < 0.001 and mean difference: -5.36 [95% CI: -3.74 to -6.97]; p < 0.001, respectively). Proximal tibia tumour location and curettage were shown to be major risk factors for local recurrence in GCTB regardless of neoadjuvant denosumab treatment. The recurrence-free survival rate of patients treated with resection and denosumab was higher compared to other treatments. The functional outcome of patients after curettage was better compared to en bloc resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mahdal
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (T.T.); (V.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.A.); (P.M.); (I.S.Z.)
| | - Tomáš Tomáš
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (T.T.); (V.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.A.); (P.M.); (I.S.Z.)
| | - Vasileios Apostolopoulos
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (T.T.); (V.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.A.); (P.M.); (I.S.Z.)
| | - Dagmar Adámková
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.A.); (P.M.); (I.S.Z.)
- Clinic of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Múdry
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.A.); (P.M.); (I.S.Z.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno, 66263 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Staniczková Zambo
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.A.); (P.M.); (I.S.Z.)
- First Department of Pathology, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Pazourek
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (T.T.); (V.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.A.); (P.M.); (I.S.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Smolle MA, Roessl V, Leithner A. Effect of Local Adjuvants Following Curettage of Benign and Intermediate Tumours of Bone: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4258. [PMID: 37686534 PMCID: PMC10487159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Local adjuvants are used upon intralesional resection of benign/intermediate bone tumours, aiming at reducing the local recurrence (LR) rate. However, it is under debate whether, when and which local adjuvants should be used. This PRISMA-guideline based systematic review aimed to analyse studies reporting on the role of adjuvants in benign/intermediate bone tumours. All original articles published between January 1995 and April 2020 were potentially eligible. Of 344 studies identified, 58 met the final inclusion criteria and were further analysed. Articles were screened for adjuvant and tumour type, follow-up period, surgical treatment, and development of LR. Differences in LR rates were analysed using chi-squared tests. Altogether, 3316 cases (10 different tumour entities) were analysed. Overall, 32 different therapeutic approaches were identified. The most common were curettage combined with high-speed burr (n = 774; 23.3%) and high-speed burr only (n = 620; 18.7%). The LR rate for studies with a minimum follow-up of 24 months (n = 30; 51.7%) was 12.5% (185/1483), with the highest rate found in GCT (16.7%; 144/861). In comparison to a combination of curettage, any adjuvant and PMMA, the sole application of curettage and high-speed burr (p = 0.015) reduced the LR rate in GCT. The overall complication rate was 9.6% (263/2732), which was most commonly attributable to postoperative fracture (n = 68) and osteoarthritis of an adjacent joint during follow-up (n = 62). A variety of adjuvants treatment options are reported in the literature. However, the most important step remains to be thorough curettage, ideally combined with high-speed burring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Smolle
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria; (V.R.); (A.L.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tan L, Li Y, Hu X, Lu M, Zhang Y, Gan Y, Tu C, Min L. Clinical evaluation of the three-dimensional printed strut-type prosthesis combined with autograft reconstruction for giant cell tumor of the distal femur. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1206765. [PMID: 37675226 PMCID: PMC10479807 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1206765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Propose This study aimed to describe the design and surgical techniques of a three-dimensional (3D) printed strut-type prosthesis with a porous titanium surface for distal femur giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) and evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes. Methods From June 2018 to January 2021, 9 consecutive patients with grade I or II GCTB in the distal femur underwent extended intralesional curettage followed by 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis combined with autograft reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed to assess their clinical and radiographic outcomes. Results All patients were followed up for 30.8 ± 7.5 months (18-42 months) after surgery. The mean affected subchondral bone percentage and the mean subchondral bone thickness before surgery was 31.8% ± 9.6% (range, 18.2% ~50.2%) and 2.2 ± 0.8 mm (range, 1.2-4.0 mm), respectively. At the final follow-up, all the patients were alive without local recurrence; no postoperative complications were observed. Patients had significant improvements in postoperative MSTS-93 score [(26.7 ± 2.4) vs. (18.8 ± 3.7), P < 0.05], and ROM [(122.8° ± 9.1°) vs. (108.3° ± 6.1°), P < 0.05] compared with their preoperative statuses. Furthermore, the mean subchondral bone thickness has increased to 10.9 ± 1.3 mm (range, 9.1-12.1 mm). Conclusion 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis combined with autograft reconstruction provides acceptable early functional and radiographic outcomes in patients with grade I or II GCTB in distal femur due to the advantages of the prosthesis such as good biocompatibility, osseointegration capacity, and subchondral bone protection. If our early outcomes can be further validated in studies with more patients and sufficient follow-up, this method may be evaluated as an alternative for the treatment of grade I or II GCTB in the distal femur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyun Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minxun Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxiong Gan
- Key Lab for Biomechanical Engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chobpenthai T, Poosiripinyo T, Warakul C. Reconstruction After En Bloc Resection of a Distal Radius Tumor. An Updated and Concise Review. Orthop Res Rev 2023; 15:151-164. [PMID: 37576613 PMCID: PMC10422987 DOI: 10.2147/orr.s416331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The distal radius is rarely affected by either primary or metastatic bone cancers. The most frequent tumors of the distal radius are giant cell tumors, which are benign tumors with the propensity to invade. En bloc excision of giant cell tumors of the distal radius achieves a low recurrence rate but compromises the wrist joint, necessitates a significant reconstruction, and has functional consequences. Reconstruction after en bloc resection of a distal radius bone tumor is challenging. Furthermore, orthopedic oncologists disagree on treating such long bone anomalies most effectively. The present article summarizes the various biological and non-biological reconstruction techniques performed after en bloc resection of a distal radius tumor, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each reconstruction strategy, and summarizes several case studies and case reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanapon Chobpenthai
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chawin Warakul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maleddu A, Zhu J, Clay MR, Wilky BA. Current therapies and future prospective for locally aggressive mesenchymal tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1160239. [PMID: 37546427 PMCID: PMC10401592 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1160239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Locally aggressive mesenchymal tumors comprise a heterogeneous group of soft tissue and bone tumors with intermediate histology, incompletely understood biology, and highly variable natural history. Despite having a limited to absent ability to metastasize and excellent survival prognosis, locally aggressive mesenchymal tumors can be symptomatic, require prolonged and repeat treatments including surgery and chemotherapy, and can severely impact patients' quality of life. The management of locally aggressive tumors has evolved over the years with a focus on minimizing morbid treatments. Extensive oncologic surgeries and radiation are pillars of care for high grade sarcomas, however, play a more limited role in management of locally aggressive mesenchymal tumors, due to propensity for local recurrence despite resection, and the risk of transformation to a higher-grade entity following radiation. Patients should ideally be evaluated in specialized sarcoma centers that can coordinate complex multimodal decision-making, taking into consideration the individual patient's clinical presentation and history, as well as any available prognostic factors into customizing therapy. In this review, we aim to discuss the biology, clinical management, and future treatment frontiers for three representative locally aggressive mesenchymal tumors: desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF), tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TSGCT) and giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). These entities challenge clinicians with their unpredictable behavior and responses to treatment, and still lack a well-defined standard of care despite recent progress with newly approved or promising experimental drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Maleddu
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jessica Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael Roy Clay
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Breelyn Ann Wilky
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
DeFazio MW, Selove W, Watts G, Harchandani S, Sood R, Lou F, Most MJ. Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor of Bone with New Pulmonary Metastases 9 Years After En Bloc Distal Radius Resection: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2023; 13:01709767-202309000-00060. [PMID: 37590401 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.23.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
CASE A 31-year-old man with a history of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in the distal radius presents to clinic 9 years after en bloc distal radius resection. He was found to have a new soft tissue mass consistent with GCTB and new pulmonary metastases. Ultimately, he underwent excision of his soft tissue recurrence and partial lobectomy for his lung metastases. CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of having a high level of suspicion for local recurrence or metastasis, even years after wide resection and negative margins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W DeFazio
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - William Selove
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - George Watts
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Sonali Harchandani
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Rahl Sood
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Feiran Lou
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Mathew J Most
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen Z, Zhang C, Hong H, Xu W, Sha M, Ding Z. Potential alternative drug treatment for bone giant cell tumor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1193217. [PMID: 37384251 PMCID: PMC10294225 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1193217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone giant cell tumor (BGCT) is one of the world's major disease types of locally aggressive bone tumors. In recent years, denosumab treatment has been introduced before curettage surgery. However, the current therapeutic was practical only sometimes, given the local recurrence effects after discontinuation of denosumab. Due to the complex nature of BGCT, this study aims to use bioinformatics to identify potential genes and drugs associated with BGCT. Methods: The genes that integrate BGCT and fracture healing were determined by text mining. The gene was obtained from the pubmed2ensembl website. We filtered out common genes for the function, and signal pathway enrichment analyses were implemented. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and the hub genes were screened by MCODE built-in Cytoscape software. Lastly, the confirmed genes were queried in the Drug Gene Interaction Database to determine potential genes and drugs. Results: Our study finally identified 123 common specific genes in bone giant cell tumors and fracture healing text mining concepts. The GO enrichment analysis finally analyzed 115 characteristic genes in BP, CC, and MF. We selected 10 KEGG pathways and identified 68 characteristic genes. We performed protein-protein interaction analysis (PPI) on 68 selected genes and finally identified seven central genes. In this study, these seven genes were substituted into drug-gene interactions, and there were 15 antineoplastic drugs, 1 anti-involving drug, and 1 anti-influenza drug. Conclusion: The 7 genes (including ANGPT2, COL1A1, COL1A2, CTSK, FGFR1, NTRK2, and PDGFB) and 17 drugs, which have not been used in BGCT, but 6 of them approved by the FDA for other diseases, could be potential genes and drugs, respectively, to improve BGCT treatment. In addition, the correlation study and analysis of potential drugs through genes provide great opportunities to promote the repositioning of drugs and the study of pharmacology in the pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haisen Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mo Sha
- Department of Orthopedics, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenqi Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Walter SG, Gaisendrees C, Kernich N, Weber M, Scheyerer MJ, Eysel P, Siewe J, Zarghooni K. Epidemiology of Surgically Treated Spinal Tumors: A Multicenter Surveillance Study of 9686 Patients from the German Spine Registry (DWG Register). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ORTHOPADIE UND UNFALLCHIRURGIE 2023. [PMID: 37308096 DOI: 10.1055/a-2077-7155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumors of the spine are challenging in terms of diagnoses and interdisciplinary treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate and characterize a large multicenter cohort of surgically treated spine tumor patients.Data of the German Spine Society (DWG) were used to characterize a cohort of all surgically treated spine tumor cases that were registered between 2017 and 2021. Subgroup analysis was performed for tumor entity, tumor localization, height of most severely affected segments, surgical treatment, and demographic parameters.In total, there were 9686 cases, of which 6747 were "malignant", 1942 were "primary benign", 180 were "tumor-like lesions", and 488 were "other" spinal tumors. Subgroups showed differences in number of affected segments as well as localization. There were further significant differences in surgical complication rates (p = 0.003), age (p < 0.001), morbidity (p < 0.001), and duration of surgery (p = 0.004).This is a representative study on spinal tumors from a large spine registry and allows for the epidemiological characterization of surgically treated tumor subgroups and quality control of registry data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G Walter
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Nikolaus Kernich
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weber
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Max J Scheyerer
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Germany
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peer Eysel
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Jan Siewe
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Germany
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum Leverkusen gGmbH, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Kourosh Zarghooni
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sarkar S, Laik JK, Kaushal R, Mishra M, Rajak M. A Rare Giant Cell Tumour in the Distal Radius of a Seven-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e40270. [PMID: 37383302 PMCID: PMC10298832 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A giant cell tumour (GCT) is a benign and locally aggressive tumour that is usually observable in a skeletally mature patient involving the end of long bones. The reported incidence of this tumour in a skeletally immature patient is extremely rare. However, we report one such case in the distal radius of a seven-year-old female patient. Having presented with painful swelling of the right distal forearm, she underwent clinical and radiological examination, and a diagnosis of distal radius GCT was made. The tumour was treated with curettage, fibular graft, and synthetic bone graft. This case report shows the importance of including GCT in children as a differential diagnosis. This tumour may have a good prognosis if diagnosed and treated early.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somit Sarkar
- Joint Replacement and Orthopedics, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND
| | - Jayanta K Laik
- Joint Replacement and Orthopedics, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND
| | - Ravi Kaushal
- Orthopedics, Manipal Tata Medical College, Jamshedpur, IND
- Joint Replacement and Orthopedics, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND
| | | | - Manoj Rajak
- Joint Replacement and Orthopedics, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fellenberg J, Losch S, Marinescu MR, Frey B, Lehner B, Arango-Ospina M, Hadzhieva Z, Boccaccini AR, Westhauser F. Bioactive Glass Inhibits Tumor Development from Giant Cell Tumor of Bone-Derived Neoplastic Stromal Cells in a Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061868. [PMID: 36980753 PMCID: PMC10046747 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence is a major problem during the treatment of giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB). We recently identified tumor cell-specific cytotoxic effects of bioactive glasses (BGs) toward neoplastic stromal cells derived from GCTB tissue (GCTSCs) in vitro. Since these data indicated a promising role of BGs in the adjuvant treatment of GCTBs, we aimed to investigate the transferability of the in vitro data into the more complex in vivo situation in the current study. We first analyzed the cytotoxicity of three different BGs in vitro by WST-1 assay after co-cultivation with primary GCTSC cell lines. The effects of BGs on tumor engraftment and growth were analyzed by chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays and subsequent quantification of tumor take rates and tumor volumes. In vitro, all tested BGs displayed a cytotoxic effect on GCTSCs that was dependent on BG composition, concentration, and particle size. Comparable effects could be observed within the in vivo environment resulting in reduced tumor take rates and tumor volumes in BG-treated samples. These data indicate a possible clinical application of BGs in the context of GCTB therapy, mediating a reduction of recurrence rates with the simultaneous promotion of bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Fellenberg
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarina Losch
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max R Marinescu
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Frey
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Lehner
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcela Arango-Ospina
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zoya Hadzhieva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Westhauser
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Luo Y, Xiu P, Chen H, Zeng J, Song Y, Li T. Denosumab salvage therapy in an 11-year-old boy with locally recurrent unresectable giant cell tumor of the lumbar spine after surgery. Neurochirurgie 2023; 69:101427. [PMID: 36828057 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2023.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the bone are locally aggressive primary bone tumors with a benign character. Spinal involvement is rare which accounts for approximately 5% of all primary bone tumors and it is quite rare in the lumbar spine. An 11-year-old boy patient presented with pain of low back and bilateral low extremities. Lumbar CT and MRI revealed a lytic lesion of the L4 vertebra corpus. The patient earned remarkable and timely recovery with 2 surgical interventions and the use of denosumab. Surgical resection for GCTs is still preferable as the initial treatment, denosumab should be utilized after tumor resection whether based on the purpose of prevention or treatment of tumor recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - P Xiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Matham G, Divakar G, Deepti AN, Thomas B, Easwer HV, Kumar K. Unique presentation of occipital condyle giant cell tumor as occipital condyle syndrome - A review. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2023; 14:3-6. [PMID: 36891099 PMCID: PMC9945303 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp-2021-8-27(1975)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the skull are rare and only a few case series with limited number of cases have been reported till date. In the cranium, GCT usually occurs in the sphenoid and temporal bone, occipital condyle GCTs are very rare. We report a rare presentation of GCT of the occipital condyle manifested as occipital condyle syndrome. Despite gross total resection, they can recur aggressively; the presence of cortical breach might be an indicator of aggressiveness prompting early post-operative imaging and adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Matham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ganesh Divakar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - A. N. Deepti
- Department of Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - H. V. Easwer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu H, Li Y, Wang T, Liu W, Ma K, Yang Y, Huang Z, Li C, Niu X. A Retrospective Observational Study on Disease Characteristics and Treatment Patterns of Giant Cell Tumor of the Bone in China. J Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 2023:5468291. [PMID: 37153026 PMCID: PMC10162870 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5468291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) is associated with considerable morbidity. As GCTB epidemiological data for China are limited, this study is aimed at describing the disease characteristics of GCTB in China and establishing the historical context for its treatment before recent advances in treatment options. Methods The disease characteristics, treatment patterns, and local GCTB recurrence rate after primary surgery for GCTB were evaluated in this single-center, retrospective, noninterventional, observational study of patients treated for GCTB at Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Beijing, from 2009 to 2016 based on medical chart review. Patients with unmet need were defined as those whose surgical treatment was difficult or who had to undergo high-morbidity surgery. Results Among the 668 patients with a primary GCTB diagnosis, 578 (86.5%) of target lesions were in the extremities, and 89 (13.3%) were in the pelvic or axial bone. Of these, 173 (25.9%) were characterized as having an unmet need. Almost all GCTB patients received surgical treatment at both primary diagnosis (666/668 (99.7%)) and last disease recurrence (196/200 (98.0%)). Additionally, about one-third of patients received nonsurgical treatment at primary diagnosis (205/668 (30.7%)) and disease recurrence (67/200 (33.5%)), with neoadjuvant therapy being the most common treatment. The rate of high-morbidity surgery increased for recurrent disease (65/200 (32.5%)) compared with primary diagnosis (111/668 (16.6%)). The 2-year cumulative incidence of postoperative disease recurrence was 29.2%, in line with rates observed in prior studies. Conclusion As many patients with primary and recurrent disease received high-morbidity surgery, more effective treatments are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongkun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaohui Niu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Leland CR, Pratilas CA, Gross JM, Levin AS. Diffuse Pulmonary Metastases at Presentation of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Case Report and Synthesis of Literature. JBJS Case Connect 2023; 13:01709767-202303000-00004. [PMID: 36821126 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.22.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
CASE We present a 23-year-old man with acute-on-chronic shoulder pain with an aggressive-appearing, destructive lesion of the left proximal humerus and diffuse lung metastases. Biopsy revealed conventional giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) without sarcomatous differentiation, treated with resection and proximal humerus reconstruction. Without systemic treatment, his pulmonary metastases demonstrated modest spontaneous regression, with no impairment of pulmonary function. CONCLUSIONS Although GCTB is known to metastasize to lungs, these deposits most commonly follow local recurrence. We describe a young adult with diffuse pulmonary nodules at initial presentation, although still following an indolent clinical course without the need for additional systemic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Leland
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine A Pratilas
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John M Gross
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam S Levin
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luo Y, Tang J, Huang J, Hu D, Bai Y, Chen J, Sun K, Zhang H, Liu Z. Diagnostic value of H3F3A mutation and clinicopathological features of giant cell tumours in non-long bones. J Bone Oncol 2022; 38:100467. [PMID: 36619849 PMCID: PMC9813520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims A histone H3F3A (H3.3) mutation involving a substitution in H3.3 G34 recently has been reported in GCTB within the frequency range (from 69 % to 96 %) and is a helpful diagnostic indicator of GCTB. However, the relationship between H3F3A mutations and the clinicopathological feature of GCTB involving non-long bones (irregular bones and small bones) is unclear. Methods and results H3F3A mutations were observed in a cohort of specimens (230 samples of GCTB) using immunohistochemistry and Sanger sequencing. The relationship between H3F3A mutations and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GCTB occurring in the non-long bones of the appendicular skeleton was investigated. No significant difference between H3F3A mutations in GCTB arising in non-long bones and the classic sites was found (P = 0.483). GCTB in non-long bones occurred more common in female (31/49, 63.3 %) than in male patients (P = 0.016). GCTB with H3.3 G34L/V/R mutation occurred more often in younger patients compared with those with H3.3 G34W mutation (P = 0.009). The majority of GCTB with soft tissue extension developed in irregular bones but not in small bones (P = 0.061). The H3.3 G34L/V/R mutations rate (7/45) in the non-long bones was significantly higher than that in long bones. The recurrence rate of the GCTB in long bones and non-long bones was 23.3 % (45/193) including 43 cases with local recurrene and 2 cases with lung metastasis. No recurrence occurred in cases with G34V/L/R mutations. Conclusions H3F3A was an effective diagnostic marker for GCTB of the non-long bones. The younger patients with GCTB of the non-long bones harboured H3.3 G34L/V/R mutations and may had a female preference and rarely recurrent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Luo
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, People Republic of China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, People Republic of China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, People Republic of China
| | - Dingjun Hu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, People Republic of China
| | - Yueqing Bai
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, People Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, People Republic of China
| | - Keyang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, People Republic of China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, People Republic of China,Corresponding authors at: Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, People Republic of China,Corresponding authors at: Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Oshiro H, Tome Y, Tsuha Y, Aoki Y, Mizuta K, Nishida K. Packing with alpha-tricalcium phosphate followed by curettage and phenol-ethanol ablation for appendicular giant cell tumor of bone. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32055. [PMID: 36626415 PMCID: PMC9750708 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is an intermediate and locally aggressive bone tumor. Alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) is an adjustable bone substitute used to fill various sizes of bone cavities after curettage for GCTB. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcome of packing with alpha-TCP followed by curettage and phenol-ethanol ablation. We retrospectively reviewed data of 16 patients with GCTB who underwent primary surgery in our institute between January 2009 and April 2021. Data of Campanacci grading system; number of local recurrences and distant metastases; local recurrence-free survival rate using the Kaplan-Meier method; oncological outcomes; and complications after surgery (secondary osteoarthritis and postoperative fracture) were evaluated in this study. Regarding the Campanacci grading system, 2 patients were classified as grade I, 14 as grade II, and none as grade III. The 5-year local recurrence-free survival rate was 77.8% in all cases. Lung metastasis was not detected in this study. Oncological outcomes were: continuous disease free, 13 patients; alive with disease, 3 patients; and no evidence of disease or death of disease, none of the patients. Secondary osteoarthritis after surgery was not detected in the present study. Packing with alpha-TCP followed by curettage and phenol-ethanol ablation for appendicular GCTB may be safe and effective in suppressing the risk of secondary osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Oshiro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- * Correspondence: Yasunori Tome, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0125, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Yuichi Tsuha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Aoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Mizuta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao L, Chen J, Hu Y, Ye Z, Tao K. Mid-term results of giant cell tumours with pathologic fractures around the knee: a multicentre retrospective study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1061. [PMID: 36471308 PMCID: PMC9720985 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-06005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this work are to present a classification of "complex fracture" and "simple fracture", to compare their features, treatments and prognosis in patients with giant cell tumour with pathologic fractures around the knee, and to determine the best surgical method for patients who have giant cell tumour around the knee with different degrees of fracture. METHODS Data from 130 patients with pathologic fractures from giant cell tumour around the knee who underwent surgical treatment from March 2000 to November 2015 at 6 institutes around China were collected and analysed. A multicentric study design was used to explore the epidemiological features and to compare differences in the surgical procedures and prognosis of the two fracture groups. The mean age at diagnosis was 37.1 years old (range, 13-77 years). The median follow-up was 126.5 months, ranging from 68 to 370 months. RESULTS The general clinical and imaging features of the groups of patients with simple and complex fractures, namely, sex, age, the lesion site, living or working environment, eccentric growth patterns, Campanacci grading system, and duration of symptoms before treatment, showed varying degrees of differences, but with no statistical significance (p > 0.05). The incidence rate of surrounding soft tissue mass was 35.2% (32/91) in the group with simple fractures, whereas it was 87.2% (34/39) in the group with complex fractures, which showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Wide resection and reconstruction with joint replacement were performed more often in patients with complex fractures (61.5%, 24/39). Intralesional procedures were performed more often in patients with simple fractures (56.0%, 51/91). The difference showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The local recurrence rate was 17.6% (16/91) in the group with simple fractures, whereas it was 10.3% (4/39) in the complex fracture group, showing a significant difference (p < 0.05). A total of 2.3% of patients (n = 3,3/130) developed a skip lesion. The complication rates were 4.6% (4/87) and 14.7% (5/34), respectively, in the two groups with simple or complex fractures, showing a significant difference (p < 0.05). The mean MSTS and TESS scores with simple fractures were 26.6 (range, 13-30) and 84.1 (range, 29-100), respectively, whereas the mean scores in the group with complex fractures were 25.5 (range, 18-30) and 78.3 (range, 30-100), respectively, also showing a significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our classification of "simple fracture" and "complex fracture" could guide decisions regarding the best surgical method for lesions in patients who have giant cell tumour around the knee with different degrees of fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhao
- grid.413168.9Department of Joint Surgery, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, No. 1059 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo, 315040 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Jiapei Chen
- Langfang Health Vocational College, Siguang South Road, Langfang, 065000 Hebei Province China
| | - Yongcheng Hu
- grid.417028.80000 0004 1799 2608Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefang South Road, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- grid.412465.0Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 1511 Jianghong Road, Hangzhou, 315040 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Kun Tao
- grid.413168.9Department of Joint Surgery, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, No. 1059 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo, 315040 Zhejiang Province China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Premalignant Conditions of Bone. JAAOS: GLOBAL RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2022; 6:01979360-202210000-00004. [PMID: 36227850 PMCID: PMC9575816 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-22-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of malignancy is a multifactorial process, and there are multitude of conditions of bone that may predispose patients to malignancy. Etiologies of malignancy include benign osseous conditions, genetic predisposition, and extrinsic conditions. New-onset pain or growth in a previously stable lesion is that should concern for malignant change and should prompt a diagnostic workup for malignancy.
Collapse
|
33
|
Jiang X, Chen J, Zhou W, Zhang C, Wang G, Dong D, Xia P, Liu X, Xu F. Microwave in situ inactivation in the treatment of bone giant cell tumor: a mid-term descriptive study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04348-9. [PMID: 36190550 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the mid-term clinical efficacy of microwave in situ inactivation combined with bone grafting or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) filling in the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). METHODS This is a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study. A total of 30 GCTB patients received microwave in situ inactivation from January 2012 to January 2020, whose clinical recurrence rate was evaluated at the last follow-up after microwave in situ inactivation surgery. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) function score was used to evaluate the postoperative clinical panoramic results. RESULTS All patients were followed up for 21 to 110 months, with an average of 63.79 months. Distal femur (40%) and proximal tibia (28%) had a higher rate of GCTB incidence. Seventeen percent of tumor patients suffered from associated pathologic fracture. The rate of Campanacci classification stage III was 60%. The average MSTS score was evaluated as 27.53 points overall at the last follow-up. In terms of complications, three, two, two and one cases developed fat liquefaction, controllable tissue rejection reaction, incision infection and degenerative changes around lesion joint, respectively, without in situ recurrences and reoperation as well as distant lung metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The method of microwave in situ inactivation combined with bone grafting or PMMA filling is prudently recommended as one of the options for the limb salvage treatment of giant cell tumor of long and periarticular bone. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: case series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pingguang Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Ximing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zoccali C, Formica VM, Sperduti I, Checcucci E, Scotto di Uccio A, Pagnotta A, Villani C. Wide resection for giant-cell tumor of the distal radius: which reconstruction? A systematic review of the literature and pooled analysis of 176 cases. HAND SURGERY & REHABILITATION 2022; 41:552-560. [PMID: 35868588 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Giant-cell tumor (GCT) is often more aggressive when located in the distal radius, and wide resection is then the gold-standard. No single reconstruction protocol is recommended, and the technique depends upon the surgeon's preferences. The aim of the present review was to determine the recurrence rate of GTC of the distal radius after intralesional treatment, to assess the results, advantages and complications of the various surgical techniques, and to draw up a decision-tree for surgical indications. The review of literature was performed in the main healthcare databases, searching for studies that reported results of wide resection and reconstruction of distal radius GCT. Local recurrence rates, metastasis rates, reconstruction techniques and respective results and complications were evaluated and analyzed. Sixteen studies were selected, for a total population of 226 patients; 6.0% and 0.9% experienced local recurrence and lung metastasis, respectively. Arthroplasty with non-vascularized or vascularized ipsilateral fibula were the most common techniques and were associated with the highest satisfaction rates: 86.4% and 88.0%, respectively. Arthroplasty with allograft presented a MusculoSkeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score of 79.2% and arthroplasty with custom-made prosthesis presented an MSTS score of 81.8%. Arthrodesis was performed in 46 cases, with an MSTS score of 82.7%. Arthroplasty techniques are the most common in literature; they are used in patients who wish to conserve joint motion. Reconstruction with non-vascularized fibula seems to provide the best results, with lower morbidity. Arthrodesis is usually reserved for heavy manual workers or in case of arthroplasty failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Zoccali
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Science, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Oncological Orthopaedics Department, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - V M Formica
- Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Jewish Hospital, Via Fulda 14, 00148 Rome, Italy
| | - I Sperduti
- Biostatistical Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - E Checcucci
- Oncological Orthopaedics Department, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - A Scotto di Uccio
- Hepato-Biliary and Organ Transplant Unit, School of General Surgery, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - A Pagnotta
- Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Jewish Hospital, Via Fulda 14, 00148 Rome, Italy
| | - C Villani
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Science, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mishra S, Jain M, Gavhale S, Bansal S, Ghildiyal S, Mokashi M. Intrathoracic Extension of a Giant Cell Tumour of the Medial End of Clavicle: A Case Report with Review of Literature. Indian J Orthop 2022; 56:1834-1840. [PMID: 36187579 PMCID: PMC9485364 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-022-00726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The clavicle is a very rare site for primary bone tumours, and Giant cell tumours of the clavicle are even rarer. Very few cases have been reported in the literature. Method The authors report a rare presentation of intrathoracic extension of a giant cell tumour of the medial end of the clavicle, in an 18-year-old female. The patient had painful swelling at the sternal end of the clavicle associated with a painful shoulder range of motion. Complete resection of the mass was done, preserving the lateral half of the clavicle. Result and Discussion At a 3-year follow-up, the patient has a good clinical outcome with no signs of recurrence. Being a very rare entity, no clear guidelines are available for the management of GCT of Clavicle. Adequate resection of the tumour mass remains the mainstay of treatment and has shown promising results. Denosumab has been proved to be effective in some studies, but the high cost of treatment is a major limitation in the Indian scenario. Conclusion Resection of the tumour mass with partial cleidectomy provided good results in this patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaswat Mishra
- Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Manish Jain
- Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Sandeep Gavhale
- Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Sagar Bansal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Sanjeev Ghildiyal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Mitali Mokashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bioactive glass selectively promotes cytotoxicity towards giant cell tumor of bone derived neoplastic stromal cells and induces MAPK signalling dependent autophagy. Bioact Mater 2022; 15:456-468. [PMID: 35386334 PMCID: PMC8958388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) are associated with massive bone destructions and high recurrence rates. In a previous study, we observed cytotoxic effects of three different compositions of bioactive glasses (BGs) towards GCTSC but not bone marrow derived stromal cells (BMSC) indicating that BGs represent promising candidates for the development of new therapeutic approaches. In the current study we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms that are involved in BG induced cytotoxicity. We observed, that BG treatment was not associated with any signs of apoptosis, but rather led to a strong induction of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and, as a consequence, upregulation of several transcription factors specifically in GCTSC. Genome wide gene expression profiling further revealed a set of fifteen genes that were exclusively induced in GCTSC or induced significantly stronger in GCTSC compared to BMSC. BG treatment further induced autophagy that was significantly more pronounced in GCTSC compared to BMSC and could be inhibited by MAPK inhibitors. Together with the known osteogenic properties of BGs our findings support the suitability of BGs as therapeutic agents for the treatment of GCTB. However, these data have to be verified under in vivo conditions. Bioactive glasses (BG) are selectively cytotoxic towards neoplastic stromal cells. BG induced cell death is independent from apoptosis. BG activates mitogen activated protein kinases and transcription factors. BG trigger differential gene expression in neoplastic versus normal cells. BG induce autophagy.
Collapse
|
37
|
Antal I, Pápai Z, Szendrői M, Perlaky T, Dezső K, Lippai Z, Sápi Z. The Activation of PDGFRβ on Mononuclear Stromal/Tumor Cells in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone After Denosumab Treatment. An Immunohistochemical Study of Five Cases. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610633. [PMID: 36091939 PMCID: PMC9448856 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the relatively high recurrence rate and the destructive nature of the tumor, the treatment of giant cell tumor is still a challenge. Denosumab appeared to be a promising candidate as a therapeutic drug. However, several studies have reported that tumors can recur during/after treatment with denosumab. Based on activated receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pattern of the stromal/tumor cells, a combination treatment with denosumab and sunitinib has recently been proposed to inhibit recurrences. This prompted us to investigate the PDGFRβ expression of five denosumab treated cases using both primary and recurrent tumors during and after denosumab treatment. In addition, to recognise morphological changes, immunohistochemical analysis of H3F3A and PDGFRβ was also performed. As an effect of denosumab treatment, the permanent absence of giant cells associated with severe to mild fibrosis was the most consistent morphological change, but H3F3A positive stromal/tumor cells were observed in all cases. Furthermore, an increased immunopositivity of PDGFRβ in stromal/tumor cells was evident in all recurrent cases during denosumab treatment. Upon tumor recurrence (after the discontinuation of denosumab treatment) the intensity of PDGFRβ immunostaining in stromal/tumor cells was restored/decreased. Our results confirm (for the first time) the activation of PDGFRβ on mononuclear stromal/tumor cells at protein level as an effect of denosumab treatment, which has so far only been demonstrated by phosphoprotein array analysis (protein lysates). The decreased PDGFRβ activity after the discontinuation of denosumab treatmeant and the increased PDGFRβ activity during denosumab treatment underlines the need for denosumab and sunitinib combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imre Antal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Pápai
- Department of Oncology, Hungarian Defence Forces Medical Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Szendrői
- Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Perlaky
- Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dezső
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lippai
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sápi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Zoltán Sápi,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yadav U, Singla M, Sheoran A, Behera K, Garg A, Kundu ZS, Gupta A, Devgun A, Kumar R, Yadav P. Recurrent Giant Cell Tumour of Distal End Radius: Treatment and Outcomes After Further Surgeries. Cureus 2022; 14:e27451. [PMID: 36051721 PMCID: PMC9420457 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
39
|
Matham G, Divakar G, AN D, Thomas B, HV E, K. K. Unique Presentation of Occipital Condyle Giant Cell Tumor as Occipital Condyle Syndrome—A Review. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGiant cell tumors (GCT) of the skull are rare and only a few case series with limited number of cases have been reported till date. In the cranium, GCT usually occurs in the sphenoid and temporal bone, and occipital condyle GCTs are very rare. We report a rare presentation of GCT of the occipital condyle manifested as occipital condyle syndrome. Despite gross total resection, they can recur aggressively; presence of cortical breach might be an indicator of aggressiveness prompting early postoperative imaging and adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Matham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Ganesh Divakar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Deepti AN
- Department of Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Easwer HV
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Krishnakumar K.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nasca V, Frezza AM, Morosi C, Buonomenna C, Parafioriti A, Zappalà G, Bini F, Casali PG, Loppini M, Stacchiotti S. Rechallenge of denosumab in advanced giant cell tumor of the bone after atypical femur fracture: A case report and review of literature. Front Oncol 2022; 12:953149. [PMID: 35928864 PMCID: PMC9343706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.953149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive neoplasm where surgery is often curative. However, it can rarely give rise to distant metastases. Currently, the only available active therapeutic option for unresectable GCTB is denosumab, an anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody that dampens the aggressive osteolysis typically seen in this disease. For advanced/metastatic GCTB, denosumab should be continued lifelong, and although it is usually well tolerated, important questions may arise about the long-term safety of this drug. In fact, uncommon but severe toxicities can occur and eventually lead to denosumab discontinuation, such as atypical fracture of the femur (AFF). The optimal management of treatment-related AFF is a matter of debate, and to date, it is unknown whether reintroduction of denosumab at disease progression is a clinically feasible option, as no reports have been provided so far. Hereinafter, we present a case of a patient with metastatic GCTB who suffered from AFF after several years of denosumab; we describe the clinical features, orthopedic treatment, and oncological outcomes, finally providing the first evidence that denosumab rechallenge after AFF occurrence may be a safe and viable option at GCTB progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Nasca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Instituti Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Frezza
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Instituti Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Morosi
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione Instituti Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Buonomenna
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione Instituti Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonina Parafioriti
- Department of Pathology, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Pini – Centri Traumatologici Ortopedici (CTO), Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zappalà
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Federica Bini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paolo Giovanni Casali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Instituti Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Loppini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milano, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Instituti Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Stacchiotti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Instituti Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Silvia Stacchiotti,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) are intermediate, locally aggressive primary bone tumors. For conventional GCTB, surgery remains treatment of choice. For advanced GCTB, a more important role came into play for systemic therapy including denosumab and bisphosphonates over the last decade. RECENT FINDINGS In diagnostics, focus has been on H3F3A (G34) driver mutations present in GCTB. The most frequent mutation (G34W) can be detected using immunohistochemistry and is highly specific in differentiating GCTB from other giant cell containing tumors. PD-L1 expression can be used as biological marker to predict higher recurrence risks in GCTB patients.The use of bisphosphonate-loaded bone cement is under investigation in a randomized controlled trial. A new technique consisting of percutaneous microwave ablation and bisphosphonate-loaded polymethylmethacrylate cementoplasty was proposed for unresectable (pelvic) GCTB.Increased experience with use of denosumab raised concern on elevated recurrence rates. However, conclusions of meta-analyses should be interpreted with risk of indication bias in mind. Several small studies are published with short-course denosumab (varying from 3 to 6 doses). One small trial directly compared denosumab and zoledronic acid, with no statistical differences in radiological and clinical outcome, and nonsignificantly higher recurrence rate after denosumab. As bisphosphonates directly target neoplastic stromal cells in GCTB, larger directly comparative trials are still warranted. SUMMARY Neoadjuvant denosumab is highly effective for advanced GCTB, and a short-course is advised to facilitate surgery, whereas increased recurrence rates remain of concern. Randomized controlled trials are conducted on bisphosphonate-loaded bone cement and on optimal dose and duration of neoadjuvant denosumab. PD-L1 could be a potential new therapy target in GCTB.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wechsler C, Hodel S, Stern C, Laux C, Rosskopf A, Müller D. Articular degeneration after subchondral cementation for giant cell tumors at the knee. Surg Oncol 2022; 44:101817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
43
|
Wiratnaya IGE, Subawa IW, Astawa P, Nugraha HK. Arthroscopic Management of Giant Cell Tumor of the Calcaneus. Foot Ankle Spec 2022; 15:266-271. [PMID: 34259061 DOI: 10.1177/19386400211029120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of the calcaneal bone is a very rare entity and generally seen in the 30 to 40 years age group. We report a case of a 17-year-old male with giant cell tumor of the calcaneus, presented with left heel pain without another obvious physical abnormality. Radiographs showed a lobulated, well-defined, lytic lesion of the calcaneus with narrow transitional zone without periosteal reaction, no extraosseal spread, and no lung metastases. Arthroscopic procedure was done directly for both diagnostic and curative procedures. All soft, grayish lesions were completely removed arthroscopically using direct lateral portals and the suspected reactive zones debrided using high-speed burr and injected with corticosteroid. Histopathology confirmed the suspected diagnosis. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful with immediate pain relief and full weight bearing and movement allowed soon. The patient had no recurrent pain as well as recurrent radiographic lesions, and normal joint mobility 9 months postoperatively. Considering the accessibility of the lesion, giant cell tumor of the calcaneal bone can be successfully treated arthroscopically using direct lateral approach.Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Retrospective, case report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Gede Eka Wiratnaya
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Sanglah Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
| | - I Wayan Subawa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Sanglah Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Putu Astawa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Sanglah Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Hans Kristian Nugraha
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Sanglah Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Burden of complications after giant cell tumor surgery. A single-center retrospective study of 192 cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2022; 108:103047. [PMID: 34500112 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical complications are frequent with giant cell tumor of bone; recurrence is the best known and most widely studies; other causes of failure have been less well investigated. We therefore performed a retrospective study to identify and assess the main reasons for surgical revision. HYPOTHESIS Recurrence is the main cause of surgical revision in giant cell tumor of bone, but other complications, such as mechanical issues or infection, are underestimated. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-center retrospective study included 192 patients (included from 2000 to 2016) undergoing first giant cell tumor of bone surgery in a bone tumor reference center. Surgery consisted in curettage for 152 patients (79%) and resection for 40 (21%). The 3 main reconstruction techniques were filling (136 patients; 71%), prosthesis (18 patients; 9%), and fusion (14 patients: 7%). Filling used cement in 9 cases (7%) and bone graft in 127 (93%). Cumulative incidence functions were calculated. RESULTS There were 171 revision procedures in 92 patients: 43 for mechanical reasons, 30 for infection, 86 for tumor recurrence, 12 for other causes. Cumulative incidence of revision at 10years was 36% (95% CI: 27-44) for recurrence, 26% (95% CI: 17-36) for mechanical causes, and 13% (95% CI: 9-19) for infection, for overall cumulative incidence of revision of 61% (95% CI: 50-69). DISCUSSION Risk of all-cause surgical revision in giant cell tumor of bone was 61% at 10years, with recurrence accounting for only half of cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
Collapse
|
45
|
Tepper SC, Spellman AM, Gusho CA, Blank AT. En Bloc Resection of Giant Cell Tumor following Neoadjuvant Denosumab: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2022; 14:35457. [DOI: 10.52965/001c.35457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The RANK ligand inhibitor denosumab has been used to treat cases of unresectable giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) or preoperatively to facilitate intralesional curettage. However, there are no clear guidelines for use of denosumab prior to en bloc resection. Case Presentation In this study, a 26-year-old patient presented with atraumatic lateral knee pain. X-rays demonstrated a destructive lesion within the proximal fibula, and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of GCTB. Management and Outcomes The patient received 3 months of neoadjuvant denosumab with complete resolution of his pain and cortical rim formation surrounding the tumor. The tumor was removed en bloc with negative margins. At 6-month follow-up, the patient had returned to his functional baseline with no evidence of tumor recurrence. Conclusion Neoadjuvant denosumab can mitigate symptoms related to GCTB and promotes cortical bone formation, facilitating en bloc resection and permitting acceptable functional outcomes in select cases.
Collapse
|
46
|
Borkowska AM, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Szostakowski B, Pieńkowski A, Rutkowski PL. Denosumab in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Multidisciplinary Medical Management Based on Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Real-World Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092290. [PMID: 35565419 PMCID: PMC9100084 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The widely accepted local therapy in extremity giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is surgery, in the form of extended intralesional curettage with adequate disease clearance and retention of the limb, wherever possible. Denosumab is a relevant therapy option for advanced GCTB, to benefit tumor response and surgical down-staging. Most GCTB patients with localized disease can be successfully treated with surgical curettage; patients with primary unresectable lesions or metastases may experience long-term clinical and radiological remission and pain control with denosumab treatment, and in this clinical situation, denosumab is currently the treatment of choice. Abstract (1) Despite the benign nature of the giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), it shows a local recurrence rate of up to 50% and a chance of malignant transformation. The widely accepted local therapy in extremity GCTB is surgery, in the form of extended intralesional curettage with adequate disease clearance and retention of the limb, wherever possible. Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody directed against the RANKL and associated inhibition of the RANKL pathway, is a relevant therapy option for advanced GCTB, to benefit tumor response and surgical down-staging. (2) The literature review of patients with GCTB treated with denosumab is performed via PubMed, using suitable keywords from January 2009 to January 2021. (3) Current indications for denosumab use are not definitively clear and unambiguous. Most GCTB patients with localized disease can be successfully treated with surgical curettage, and the role of denosumab in preoperative therapy in this patient population remains unclear. (4) However, patients with primary unresectable lesions or metastases may experience long-term clinical and radiological remission and pain control with denosumab treatment, and in this clinical situation, denosumab is currently the treatment of choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Maria Borkowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.B.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Diagnostic Hematology Department, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Szostakowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.B.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrzej Pieńkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.B.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Piotr Lukasz Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.B.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Urakawa H, Nagano A, Machida R, Tanaka K, Kataoka T, Sekino Y, Nishida Y, Takahashi M, Kunisada T, Kawano M, Yoshida Y, Takagi T, Sato K, Hiruma T, Hatano H, Tsukushi S, Sakamoto A, Akisue T, Hiraoka K, Ozaki T. A randomized phase III trial of denosumab before curettage for giant cell tumor of bone. JCOG1610. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:1021-1028. [PMID: 35472141 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of JCOG1610 (randomized controlled phase III trial) was to confirm the superiority of preoperative denosumab to curettage with adjuvant local therapy for patients with giant cell tumor of bone without possible post-operative large bone defect. METHODS The primary endpoint was relapse-free survival and the total sample size was set at 106 patients. Patient accrual began in October 2017. However, the accrual was terminated in December 2020 due to a recommendation from the Data and Safety Monitoring Committee because of poor patient accrual. Now, we report the descriptive results obtained in this study. RESULTS A total of 18 patients had been registered from 13 Japanese institutions at the time of termination on December 2020. Eleven patients were assigned to Arm A (curettage and adjuvant local therapy) and 7 to Arm B (preoperative denosumab, curettage and adjuvant local therapy). Median follow-up period was 1.6 (range: 0.5-2.8) years. Protocol treatment was completed in all but one patient in Arm A who had a pathological fracture before surgery. All patients in Arm B were treated with five courses of preoperative denosumab. Relapse-free survival proportions in Arm A and B were 90.0% (95% confidence interval: 47.3-98.5) and 100% (100-100) at 1 year, and 60.0% (19.0-85.5) and 62.5% (14.2-89.3) at 2 years, respectively [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.51 (0.24-9.41)]. CONCLUSION In terms of relapse-free survival, the superiority of preoperative denosumab was not observed in patients with giant cell tumor of bone without possible post-operative large bone defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Urakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihito Nagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Machida
- Japan Clinical Oncology Group Data Center/Operations Office, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kataoka
- Japan Clinical Oncology Group Data Center/Operations Office, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Sekino
- Japan Clinical Oncology Group Data Center/Operations Office, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-Gun, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kunisada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masanori Kawano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Hiruma
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hatano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsukushi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Sakamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Hiraoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang Y, Li X, Luo Y, Zhang L, Chen H, Min L, Chang Q, Zhou Y, Tu C, Zhu X, Zhang X. Application of osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics in giant cell tumor of the sacrum: report of six cases. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac017. [PMID: 35480862 PMCID: PMC9039503 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the possibility and effectiveness of osteoinductive bioceramics to fill the tumor cavity following the curettage of sacral giant cell tumor (GCT). Six patients (four females and two males, 25–45 years old) underwent nerve-sparing surgery, in which the tumor was treated by denosumab, preoperative arterial embolization and extensive curettage. The remaining cavity was filled with commercial osteoinductive calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics, whose excellent osteoinductivity was confirmed by intramuscular implantation in beagle canine. All patients were followed by computed tomography (CT) scans postoperatively. According to the modified Neer criterion, five cases obtained Type I healing status, and one case had Type II. At the latest follow-up, no graft-related complications and local recurrence were found. The CT scan indicated a median time of healing initiation of 3 months postoperatively, and the median time for relatively complete healing was 12 months. The excellent bone regenerative ability of the ceramics was also confirmed by increased CT attenuation value, blurred boundary and cortical rim rebuilding. In conclusion, osteoinductive CaP bioceramics could be an ideal biomaterial to treat the large remaining cavity following extensive curettage of sacral GCT. However, further investigation with more cases and longer follow-up was required to confirm the final clinical effect. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Sichuan Baiameng Bioactive Materials Limited Liability Company, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hezhong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Sichuan Baiameng Bioactive Materials Limited Liability Company, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Chang
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Bone and Joint 3D-Printing & Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hu X, Lu M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Min L, Tu C. A biomechanical comparison between cement packing combined with extra fixation and three-dimensional printed strut-type prosthetic reconstruction for giant cell tumor of bone in distal femur. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:151. [PMID: 35264178 PMCID: PMC8905788 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common reconstruction method for bone defects caused by giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is cement packing combined with subchondral bone grafting and extra fixation. However, this method has several limitations involving bone cement and bone graft, which may lead to poor prognosis and joint function. A titanium-based 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis, featured with excellent biocompatibility and osseointegration ability, was developed for this bone defect in our institution. The goal of this study is to comparatively analyze the biomechanical performance of reconstruction methods aimed at the identification of better operative strategy. METHODS Four different 3D finite element models were created. Model #1: Normal femur; Model #2: Femur with tumorous cavity bone defects in the distal femur; Model #3: Cavity bone defects reconstructed by cement packing combined with subchondral bone grafting and extra fixation; Model #4: Cavity bone defects reconstructed by 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis combined with subchondral bone grafting. The femoral muscle multiple forces were applied to analyze the mechanical difference among these models by finite element analysis. RESULTS Optimal stress and displacement distribution were observed in the normal femur. Both reconstruction methods could provide good initial stability and mechanical support. Stress distributed unevenly on the femur repaired by cement packing combined with subchondral bone grafting and extra fixation, and obvious stress concentration was found around the articular surface of this femur. However, the femur repaired by 3D-printed strut-type prosthetic reconstruction showed better performance both in displacement and stress distribution, particularly in terms of the protection of articular surface and subchondral bone. CONCLUSIONS 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis is outstanding in precise shape matching and better osseointegration. Compared to cement packing and extra fixation, it can provide the almost same support and fixation stiffness, but better biomechanical performance and protection of subchondral bone and articular cartilage. Therefore, 3D-printed strut-type prosthetic reconstruction combined with subchondral bone grafting may be evaluated as an alternative for the treatment of GCTBs in distal femur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minxun Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nagano A, Urakawa H, Tanaka K, Ozaki T. Current management of giant-cell tumor of bone in the denosumab era. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:411-416. [PMID: 35199172 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant-cell tumor of bone is a rare, locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing primary bone tumor. The mainstay of treatment remains controversial and is decided by the balance between adequate surgical margin and sufficient adjacent joint function. Although curettage with a high-speed burr and local adjuvants can maintain normal joint function, many reports have revealed a high local recurrence rate. Conversely, en bloc resection and reconstruction with prostheses for highly aggressive lesions have reportedly lower local recurrence rates and poorer functional outcomes. Denosumab-a full human monoclonal antibody that inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa β ligand-was approved by the Food and Drug Authority in 2013 for use in surgically unresectable or when resection is likely to result in severe morbidity for skeletally mature adolescents and adults with giant-cell tumor of bone. However, subsequent studies have suggested that the local recurrence rate would be increased by preoperative use of denosumab. In systematic reviews of the local recurrence rate after preoperative use of denosumab, conclusions vary due to the small sample sizes of the studies reviewed. Therefore, controversy regarding the treatment of giant-cell tumor of bone is ongoing. Here, this review elucidates the management of giant-cell tumor of bone, especially with the local adjuvant and neoadjuvant use of denosumab, and presents the current, evidence-based treatment for giant-cell tumor of bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Nagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Urakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Endoprosthetic Surgery, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|