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Zheng HC, Xue H, Jin YZ, Jiang HM, Cui ZG. The Oncogenic Effects, Pathways, and Target Molecules of JC Polyoma Virus T Antigen in Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:744886. [PMID: 35350574 PMCID: PMC8958009 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.744886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
JC polyoma virus (JCPyV) is a ubiquitous polyoma virus that infects the individual to cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and malignancies. Here, we found that T-antigen knockdown suppressed proliferation, glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis and G2 arrest. The reverse was true for T-antigen overexpression, with overexpression of Akt, survivin, retinoblastoma protein, β-catenin, β-transducin repeat-containing protein (TRCP), and inhibitor of growth (ING)1, and the underexpression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated (p)-mTOR, p-p38, Cyclin D1, p21, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ING2, and ING4 in hepatocellular and pancreatic cancer cells and tissues. In lens tumor cells, T antigen transcriptionally targeted viral carcinogenesis, microRNAs in cancer, focal adhesion, p53, VEGF, phosphoinositide 3 kinase-Akt, and Forkhead box O signaling pathways, fructose and mannose metabolism, ribosome biosynthesis, and choline and pyrimidine metabolism. At a metabolomics level, it targeted protein digestion and absorption, aminoacryl-tRNA biosynthesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, and the AMPK signal pathway. At a proteomic level, it targeted ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, citrate cycle, carbon metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, aminoacryl-tRNA biosynthesis, extracellular-matrix-receptor interaction, and biosynthesis of amino acids. In lens tumor cells, T antigen might interact with various keratins, ribosomal proteins, apolipoproteins, G proteins, ubiquitin-related proteins, RPL19, β-catenin, β-TRCP, p53, and CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins in lens tumor cells. T antigen induced a more aggressive phenotype in mouse and human cancer cells due to oncogene activation, inactivation of tumor suppressors, and disruption of metabolism, cell adhesion, and long noncoding RNA-microRNA-target axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yu-Zi Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hua-Mao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Science, Fukui, Japan
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Abstract
The SV40 viral oncogene has been used since the 1970s as a reliable and reproducible method to generate transgenic mouse models. This seminal discovery has taught us an immense amount about how tumorigenesis occurs, and its success has led to the evolution of many mouse models of cancer. Despite the development of more modern and targeted approaches for developing genetically engineered mouse models of cancer, SV40-induced mouse models still remain frequently used today. This review discusses a number of cancer types in which SV40 mouse models of cancer have been developed and highlights their relevance and importance to preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Hudson
- Amanda L. Hudson, PhD, is a Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group postdoctoral fellow at the Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia. Emily K. Colvin is a Cancer Institute NSW postdoctoral fellow at the Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily K Colvin
- Amanda L. Hudson, PhD, is a Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group postdoctoral fellow at the Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia. Emily K. Colvin is a Cancer Institute NSW postdoctoral fellow at the Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Gou WF, Zhao S, Shen DF, Yang XF, Liu YP, Sun HZ, Luo JS, Zheng HC. The oncogenic role of JC virus T antigen in lens tumors without cell specificity of alternative splicing of its intron. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8036-45. [PMID: 25868857 PMCID: PMC4480733 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
JC virus (JCV), a ubiquitous polyoma virus that commonly infects the human, is identified as the etiologic agent for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and some malignancies. To clarify the oncogenic role of JCV T antigen, we established two transgenic mice of T antigen using either α-crystallin A (αAT) or cytokeratin 19(KT) promoter. Lens tumors were found in high-copy αAT mice with the immunopositivity of T antigen, p53, β-catenin and N-cadherin. Enlarged eyeballs were observed and tumor invaded into the brain by magnetic resonance imaging and hematoxylin-and-eosin staining. The overall survival time of homozygous mice was shorter than that of hemizygous mice (p<0.01), the latter than wild-type mice (p<0.01). The spontaneous salivary tumor and hepatocellular carcinoma were seen in αAT5 transgenic mice with no positivity of T antigen. KT7 mice suffered from lung tumor although JCV T antigen was strongly expressed in gastric epithelial cells. The alternative splicing of T antigen intron was detectable in the lens tumor of αAT mice, gastric mucosa of KT mice, and various cells transfected with pEGFP-N1-T antigen. It was suggested that JCV T antigen might induce carcinogenesis at a manner of cell specificity, which is not linked to alternative splicing of its intron. Both spontaneous lens and lung tumor models provide good tools to investigate the oncogenic role of JCV T antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Gou
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dao-Fu Shen
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Oncological Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Sun
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Luo
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Shen DF, Liu X, Yang XF, Fang L, Gao Y, Zhao S, Wu JC, Shi S, Li JJ, Zhao XX, Gou WF, Zheng HC. The roles of parafibromin expression in ovarian epithelial carcinomas: a marker for differentiation and prognosis and a target for gene therapy. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2909-24. [PMID: 26409451 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parafibromin is a protein encoded by hyperparathyroidism 2 (HRPT2) and its downregulated expression is involved in the pathogenesis of parathyroid, breast, gastric, colorectal, lung, head and neck cancers. We aimed to investigate the roles of parafibromin expression in tumorigenesis, progression, or prognostic evaluation of ovarian cancers. HRPT2-expressing plasmid was transfected into ovarian cancer cells with the phenotypes and related molecules examined. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of parafibromin were also examined in ovarian normal tissue, benign and borderline tumors and cancers by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, or immunohistochemistry respectively. It was found that parafibromin overexpression caused a lower growth, migration and invasion, higher sensitivity to cisplatin and apoptosis than the mock and control (P < 0.05). The transfectants showed the hypoexpression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70s6k), Wnt5a, B cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) than the mock and control at both mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). According to real-time PCR, parafibromin mRNA level was lower in ovarian benign tumors and cancers than normal ovary (P < 0.05), while parafibromin was strongly expressed in metastatic cancers in omentum than primary cancers by Western blot. Immunohistochemically, parafibromin expression was stronger in primary cancers than that in ovarian normal tissue (P < 0.05) but weaker than the metastatic cancers (P < 0.05) with a positive correlation with dedifferentiation, ki-67 expression and the lower cumulative survival rate (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that parafibromin downregulation might promote the pathogenesis, dedifferentiation and metastasis of ovarian cancers possibly by suppressing aggressive phenotypes, such as proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Fu Shen
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Wu
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Jun-Jun Li
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Xiang-Xuan Zhao
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Wen-Feng Gou
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
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Zhang Z, Yang XF, Huang KQ, Ren L, Gou WF, Shen DF, Zhao S, Sun HZ, Takano Y, Zheng HC. The clinicopathological significances and biological functions of parafibromin expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9487-97. [PMID: 26124004 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulated parafibromin expression is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of parathyroid, breast, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers. To investigate the roles of parafibromin expression in tumorigenesis, progression, and prognostic evaluation of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), we transfected parafibromin-expressing plasmid into HNSCC cell and examined the phenotypes and their relevant molecules. Parafibromin expression was detected on tissue microarray containing squamous epithelium, dysplasia, and carcinoma of head and neck by immunohistochemistry. Parafibromin overexpression was found to suppress growth, migration, and invasion, and induce apoptosis, S arrest, and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (EMT), compared with the mock and control (P < 0.05). Both overexpression of Cyclin E1, Bax, and E-cadherin and hypoexpression of c-myc, Bcl-xL, and slug were detected in B88 transfectants, in comparison to mock and control by real-time PCR. Parafibromin expression was weaker in primary cancers than those in normal squamous tissue and dysplasia (P < 0.05), but stronger than the metastatic cancers in lymph node (P < 0.05). Parafibromin expression was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, but positively with human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity (P < 0.05). The HNSCCs in tongue showed more parafibromin expression than those in larynx (P < 0.05). There was stronger parafibromin expression in moderately-than poorly-differentiated carcinomas (P < 0.05). The significantly positive correlation was observed between parafibromin expression and relapse-free survival rate by Kaplan-Meier curves (P < 0.05). Cox's proportional hazard model indicated that distant metastasis and parafibromin expression were independent prognostic factors for overall and relapse-free survival of HNSCC, respectively (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that downregulated expression of parafibromin protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis, differentiation, and metastasis of HNSCCs possibly by inducing apoptosis, suppressing proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, invasion, and EMT. Parafibromin expression is an independent factor for relapse-free survival of HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Cancer Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Ke-Qiang Huang
- Department of Officer, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Officer, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Wen-Feng Gou
- Cancer Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Dao-Fu Shen
- Cancer Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Sun
- Cancer Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Yasuo Takano
- School of Health Science, Tokyo University of Technology, Nishi-Kamata 5-23-22, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 144-8535, Japan
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
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Albert DM, Phelps PO, Surapaneni KR, Thuro BA, Potter HAD, Ikeda A, Teixeira LBC, Dubielzig RR. The Significance of the Discordant Occurrence of Lens Tumors in Humans versus Other Species. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:1765-70. [PMID: 26130328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine in which species and under what conditions lens tumors occur. DESIGN A review of databases of available human and veterinary ocular pathologic material and the previously reported literature. PARTICIPANTS Approximately 18 000 patients who had ocular surgical specimens submitted and studied at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health between 1920 and 2014 and 45 000 ocular veterinary cases from the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin between 1983 and 2014. METHODS Material in 2 major archived collections at the University of Wisconsin medical and veterinary schools were studied for occurrence of lens tumors. Tumor was defined as a new growth of tissue characterized by progressive, uncontrolled proliferation of cells. In addition, cases presented at 3 major eye pathologic societies (Verhoeff-Zimmerman Ophthalmic Pathology Society, Eastern Ophthalmic Pathology Society, and The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Ophthalmic Alumni Society) from 1975 through 2014 were reviewed. Finally, a careful search of the literature was carried out. Approval from the institutional review board to carry out this study was obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The presence of tumors of the lens. RESULTS The database search and literature review failed to find an example of a lens tumor in humans. In contrast, examples of naturally occurring lens tumors were found in cats, dogs, rabbits, and birds. In the veterinary school database, 4.5% of feline intraocular and adnexal neoplasms (234/5153) were designated as feline ocular posttraumatic sarcoma, a tumor previously demonstrated to be of lens epithelial origin. Similar tumors were seen in rabbit eyes, a bird, and in a dog. All 4 species with lens tumors had a history of either ocular trauma or protracted uveitis. The literature search also revealed cases where lens tumors were induced in zebrafish, rainbow trout, hamsters, and mice by carcinogenic agents (methylcholanthrene, thioacetamide), oncogenic viruses (SV40, HPV-16), and genetic manipulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that lens tumors do not occur in humans. In contrast, after lens capsule rupture, a lens tumor can occur in other species. We hypothesize that a genetic mechanism exists that prevents lens tumors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Albert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Paul O Phelps
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Krishna R Surapaneni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bradley A Thuro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Heather A D Potter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Akihiro Ikeda
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Leandro B C Teixeira
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Richard R Dubielzig
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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Kaku S, Ushioda N, Ishii H, Murakami T, Takahashi K, Nakai Y, Shimoya K, Nakamura T. Timing of cisplatin administration for chemoradiotherapy in transgenic mice bearing lens tumors. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:16-22. [PMID: 24858487 PMCID: PMC4067430 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) has become a standard treatment for cancer of the uterine cervix. However, there have been no investigations into the optimum timing for administration of anticancer drugs using animal models. The aim of the present study was to determine the appropriate timing for administration of the anticancer drug cisplatin in relation to delivery of radiation by assessing the antitumor activity and adverse effects of 3 different regimens in αT3 transgenic mice bearing lens epithelial tumors. CCRT showed the strongest antitumor activity. There was a significant difference between CCRT and administration of cisplatin before radiotherapy (neoadjuvant therapy) with regard to the apoptotic effect detected by TUNEL staining, but there was no significant difference between CCRT and administration of cisplatin after radiotherapy (adjuvant therapy). Assessment of adverse effects showed that there were no significant differences in the mortality rate, weight loss, anemia and leukopenia among the 3 regimens. In conclusion, these findings obtained in an animal model suggest that cisplatin should probably not be administered before irradiation, since the antitumor effect is significantly weaker than that of CCRT or administration after irradiation, while adverse effects are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Kaku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Norichika Ushioda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nakai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimoya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Li H, He Y, Zhang H, Miao G. Differential proteome and gene expression reveal response to carbon ion irradiation in pubertal mice testes. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:433-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zheng HC, Noguchi A, Kikuchi K, Ando T, Nakamura T, Takano Y. Gene expression profiling of lens tumors, liver and spleen in α-crystallin/SV40 T antigen transgenic mice treated with Juzen-taiho-to. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:547-52. [PMID: 24337676 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The autogenic lens tumors induced by the Simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40) T antigen in α-crystallin/SV40 T antigen transgenic (TG) mice, provide a tool to screen anti-tumor reagents in vivo and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Juzen-taiho-to, a Chinese medicine composed of 10 herbs, was frequently used as an alternative medicine for cancer patients by clinicians and occasionally it was demonstrated to have beneficial effects on the prognosis and general condition of cancer patients. However, it was not scientifically verified. In the present study, the anti-tumor effects and underlying mechanisms of Juzen-taiho-to in the TG mice model was examined using cDNA microarray analysis and the results were confirmed by real-time PCR. The TG mice demonstrated a higher cumulative survival rate after treatment with the drug compared with the control group (P<0.05). Gene chip profiles demonstrated that cell functions involving the membrane, glycoprotein, cell membrane, signal and ionic channel for the lens tumor, the cell cycle, DNA replication, homeobox, mitosis and cell division for the spleen and the acetylation, mitochondrion, ribosomal protein, ribonucleoprotein for the liver, were altered by the administration of Juzen‑taiho-to. The important canonical pathways were those of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the cell cycle and the ribosome for the altered genes of the lens tumor, spleen and liver after drug administration, respectively. From real-time PCR, in the eyeball, epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr), Rasgrf1 and heat shock protein 1B (Hspa1b) mRNAs were found to be significantly lower in treated lenses than in those not exposed to the drug, while Rps25 mRNA demonstrated the opposite association in the liver. It was suggested that Juzen-taiho-to may prolong the survival time of SV40 T antigen TG mice by improving their nutritional condition, inhibiting the MAPK pathway and strengthening the immune system without causing hepatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Akira Noguchi
- Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241‑0815, Japan
| | - Keiji Kikuchi
- Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241‑0815, Japan
| | | | - Takafumi Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurasiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takano
- Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241‑0815, Japan
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Ullrich K, Casson RJ. Does anybody care that the crystalline lens never gets cancer? Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 41:812. [PMID: 23566233 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Ullrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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The Activity of SV40 Promoter Can Be Inhibited by Overexpression of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Tumor Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 65:287-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Expressions of GRP78 and Bax associate with differentiation, metastasis, and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:6753-61. [PMID: 22297694 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to detect the expressions of GRP78 and Bax in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, to analyze their correlations with carcinogenesis and the development of NSCLC, and to investigate the relationship of GRP78 expression to metastasis and apoptosis in the NSCLC cell line HCC827. The positive expression rates of GRP78 and Bax in NSCLC lung tissues were 59.7% and 34.7% by RT-PCR, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 in NSCLC tissues were significantly higher than that in the relatively normal surrounding lung tissues (p < 0.05); the lesser the degree of tumor differentiation was, the higher the mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 were (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 from patients in advanced pathological stages (III-IV) were significantly higher than the corresponding levels in patients in early pathological stages (I-II) (p < 0.05); the mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 in patients with positive lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients with negative lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax in the above cases showed the opposite trend of the mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78. However, the mRNA and protein expression levels of both GRP78 and Bax were independent of the patient’s sex, the patient’s age, the tumor size and the histological type (adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma) of NSCLC (p > 0.05). The mRNA expression level of GRP78 and the mRNA expression level of Bax in human NSCLC tissues were negatively correlated (r = -0.353, p = 0.002). After transfection of GRP78 siRNA in HCC827 cells, the GRP78 protein expression level was significantly decreased (p < 0.01), while the Bax protein expression level was significantly increased (p < 0.01); the number of cells that passed through the Transwell chamber was significantly less in the non-transfected control group compared to the transfected control group (p < 0.01). The number of apoptotic cells was significantly greater in the non-transfected control group compared to the transfected control group (p < 0.01). The expression levels of GRP78 and Bax were related to the carcinogenesis, development and metastasis of NSCLC. GRP78 expression with siRNA interference in the human NSCLC cell line HCC827 can reduce metastasis and promote apoptosis in HCC827 cells.
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Zheng HC, Wei ZL, Xu XY, Nie XC, Yang X, Takahashi H, Takano Y. Parafibromin expression is an independent prognostic factor for colorectal carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:1089-102. [PMID: 21315421 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parafibromin is a protein encoded by hyperparathyroidism 2, and its down-regulated expression is involved in the pathogenesis of parathyroid, breast, and gastric carcinomas. This study aimed to clarify the roles of parafibromin expression in tumorigenesis, progression, and prognosis of colorectal carcinomas. Parafibromin-expressing plasmid was transfected into DLD-1 cells with the phenotypes, and related molecules were examined. Parafibromin expression was examined in colorectal samples by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, Western blot, or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. It was found that parafibromin overexpression could cause G1 arrest and enhance differentiation of DLD-1 cells. There was a high expression of p21, p27, and cyclin E, but low expression of cyclin D1 messenger RNA, phospho-cdc2, and phospho-cdc25c proteins. Parafibromin could inhibit c-myc messenger RNA expression by binding to c-myc promoter. Expression levels of nuclear parafibromin and parafibromin messenger RNA were decreased from colorectal nonneoplastic mucosa and adenomas to carcinomas (P < .05). Immunohistochemically, parafibromin expression was inversely correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, clinicopathologic staging, and poor prognosis of carcinomas (P < .05). It was suggested that parafibromin overexpression might suppress cell cycle progression and promote differentiation of DLD-1 cells. Aberrant parafibromin expression possibly contributes to the pathogenesis, growth, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas and could be regarded as an independent factor to indicate a favorable prognosis for patients with colorectal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-chuan Zheng
- College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Zheng HC, Xu XY, Xing YN, Wei ZL, Takahashi H, Masuda S, Takano Y. Nuclear or cytoplasmic localization of Bag-1 distinctly correlates with pathologic behavior and outcome of gastric carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:724-36. [PMID: 20096920 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bag-1 is an antiapoptotic protein with its altered expression and localization in malignancies. To clarify the role of Bag-1 in gastric carcinogenesis, its expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization on a tissue microarray containing gastric carcinomas, adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa (NNM), adenomas, intestinal metaplasia (IM), or gastritis. Gastric carcinoma tissue and cell lines were studied for Bag-1 expression by Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results demonstrated that Bag-1 proteins were differentially expressed in the nucleus or cytosol of MKN28, AGS, MKN45, KATO-III, or HGC-27 cell lines, despite similar levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. The Bag-1 mRNA overexpression was detectable in 73.3% of 15 gastric carcinomas without significant difference in its encoding products' levels. The nuclear Bag-1 expression gradually decreased from gastritis, IM, adenoma to carcinoma (P < .05), and negatively correlated with lymphatic invasion or lymph node metastasis, cytoplasmic Bag-1 expression, negative parafibromin expression, and poor prognosis (P < .05). Cytoplasmic Bag-1 was weakly immunoreactive in carcinomas, compared with gastritis (P < .05), and positively associated with invasive depth and poor prognosis of the carcinoma (P < .05). The positive rate of Bag-1 mRNA expression was higher in adjacent IMs than carcinomas or adjacent NNM (P < .05). Bag-1 mRNA was expressed more in carcinomas from female patients than the male counterparts (P < .05). There was a positive correlation of Bag-1 mRNA expression with invasive depth and venous invasion (P < .05). Our study indicated that aberrant expression and subcellular distribution of Bag-1 might play an important role in the malignant transformation of gastric epithelial cells and should be considered as a biomarker for gastric carcinogenesis, subsequent progression, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-chuan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China.
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