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Huang Q, Li F, Ji M, Lin L, Hu C. Evaluating the prognostic significance of p53 and TP53 mutations in HPV-negative hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients: a 5-year follow-up retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:324. [PMID: 37024846 PMCID: PMC10080797 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate prognostic significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients, and to investigate the effect of p53 and TP53 mutations on the prognosis of patients. METHODS A total of 111 patients were enrolled in our retrospective study. HPV infection status was detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue by real-time multiplex PCR test. p53 expression was evaluate by immunohistochemical staining. TP53 exon mutations were analyzed by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. HPV infection status, p53 expression and TP53 mutation were compared with clinical outcome including overall survival and recurrence-free survival by Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. RESULTS Of the 111 investigated patients, 18 (16.22%) were positive for HPV infection. HPV(-) patients have a worse clinical outcome than HPV(+) patients. TP53 mutations have similar mutation rates in patients with and without HPV (55.56% vs. 41.94%). p53 and TP53 mutation were not associated with prognosis of patients in HPV(-) patients. TP53 disruptive mutations were found both in patients with or without HPV infection. Furthermore, TP53 non-disruptive mutation had a significantly better clinical outcome than those with disruptive mutation in HPV(-) patients. CONCLUSION Our results showed that HPV infection status is a strong prognostic indicator of survival. p53 and TP53 mutations do not appear to significantly impact survival in HPV(-) patients. TP53 disruptive mutation is associated with reduced survival in HPV(-)/TP53 mutation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Feiran Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengyou Ji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Sofiani VH, Veisi P, Rukerd MRZ, Ghazi R, Nakhaie M. The complexity of human papilloma virus in cancers: a narrative review. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:13. [PMID: 36843070 PMCID: PMC9969657 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Among human tumorigenic viruses, the role of Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been proven as one of the most important oncoviruses that are associated with a large number of cancers. Most cancers of the genital area such cervical and anal cancer as are caused by HPV, and in many other cancers, such as colorectal, gastric, liver, esophageal, urinary bladder, and head and neck cancers, it is considered as one of the important risk factors. Our search was conducted for published researches between 2000 and 2022 by using several international databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science as well as Google scholar. We also evaluated additional evidence from relevant published articles. It has been demonstrated that HPV can promote tumorigenesis via focusing on genes, proteins, and signaling pathways, by using E6 and E7 oncoproteins and inhibiting two crucial tumor suppressors, P53 and Rb. The following study was performed to investigate different malignant cancers under the influence of HPV infection and changes in molecular factors caused by HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Hamidi Sofiani
- grid.411747.00000 0004 0418 0096Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Parsa Veisi
- grid.411747.00000 0004 0418 0096Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd
- grid.412105.30000 0001 2092 9755Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Ghazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nakhaie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Mavragani A, Eysenbach G, Hu M, Cai CF. The Prognostic and Predictive Effects of Human Papillomavirus Status in Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma: Population-Based Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e40185. [PMID: 36525304 PMCID: PMC9804097 DOI: 10.2196/40185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) status in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) remains controversial. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the prognostic and predictive effects of HPV status in patients with locally advanced HSCC (stage III-IVB) receiving primary radiotherapy. METHODS Patients diagnosed with stage III-IVB HSCC between 2010 and 2016 were identified. HPV status, demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and survival data were captured. Kaplan-Meier analysis, multivariable Cox regression analysis, and propensity score matching analysis were performed. RESULTS We identified 531 patients in this study and 142 (26.7%) patients with HPV-positive diseases. No significant differences were observed between those with HPV-negative and HPV-positive diseases with regard to demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, and chemotherapy use. HPV-positive HSCC had better head and neck cancer-specific survival (HNCSS; P=.001) and overall survival (OS; P<.001) compared to those with HPV-negative tumors. Similar results were found using the multivariable Cox regression analysis. Sensitivity analyses showed that the receipt of chemotherapy was associated with significantly improving HNCSS (P<.001) and OS (P<.001) compared to not receiving chemotherapy in HPV-negative HSCC, whereas comparable HNCSS (P=.59) and OS (P=.12) were found between both treatment arms in HPV-positive HSCC. Similar results were found after propensity score matching. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-quarter of HSCC may be HPV-related, and HPV-positive HSCC is associated with improved survival outcomes. Furthermore, additional chemotherapy appears to be not related to a survival benefit in patients with HPV-positive tumors who received primary radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Hu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Shi J, Wang L, Yao N, Sun L, Hu W, Li X, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhu W, Li B. The effect of HPV DNA and p16 status on the prognosis of patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:658. [PMID: 35705893 PMCID: PMC9202146 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and p16 might be associated with better prognosis in patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC), especially on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). METHOD PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science and EMBASE were searched from inception to April 2021 to search for HPV DNA- and p16-related prognostic articles on HPC. Meta-analysis was performed on the selected articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Publication bias was assessed for the included studies with Egger's test. All studies were analyzed by using Stata 16.0 statistical software. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included, including 12 HPV DNA studies and 11 p16 studies. Meta-analysis showed that HPV DNA positivity was a strong prognostic factor for improved OS in patients with HPC, with a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.54-0.69), but there was no statistically significant difference in DFS (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.31-1.16). Patients with p16-positive tumors had better OS (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49-0.89) and DFS (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-0.78) than patients with p16-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the presence of HPV DNA leads to better OS in patients with HPC, and the presence of p16 also corresponds to better OS and DFS. Our results provide up-to-date evidence to clinicians and researchers. Larger studies adjusting for prognostic factors are needed in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 71, JiLin, 130021, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1163, 130021, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1163, 130021, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Le Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 71, JiLin, 130021, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1163, 130021, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1163, 130021, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yixue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1163, 130021, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 71, JiLin, 130021, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 71, JiLin, 130021, Changchun, P.R. China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1163, 130021, Changchun, P. R. China.
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Lifsics A, Groma V, Cistjakovs M, Skuja S, Deksnis R, Murovska M. Identification of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus DNA, p16, and E6/E7 Oncoproteins in Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061008. [PMID: 34072187 PMCID: PMC8229053 DOI: 10.3390/v13061008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) was proven to play a significant role in cancer development in the oropharynx. However, its role in the development of laryngeal (LSCC) and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) remains to be clarified. High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) viral proteins E6 and E7 are considered to be pertinent to HPV-related carcinogenesis. Hence, our aim was to estimate LSCC and HPSCC for HR-HPV DNA, p16, and E6/E7 oncoprotein status by using molecular virology and immunohistochemistry methods. The prevalence of HPV16 infection was 22/41 (53.7%) and 20/31 (64.5%) for LSCC and HPSCC, accordingly. The majority of HPV16+ tumor samples were stage III or IV. In most samples, the presence of either HPV16 E6 or HPV16 E7 viral protein in dysplastic or tumor cells was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest a high prevalence of HPV16 as a primary HR-HPV type in LSCC and HPSCC. The lack of HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins in some tumor samples may suggest either the absence of viral integration or the presence of other mechanisms of tumorigenesis. The utilization of p16 IHC as a surrogate marker of HR-HPV infection is impractical in LSCC and HPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrejs Lifsics
- Department of otolaryngology, Riga Stradiņš University, Pilsoņu 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
| | - Valerija Groma
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradiņš University, Kronvalda blvd 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Maksims Cistjakovs
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradiņš University, Rātsupītes 5, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Sandra Skuja
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradiņš University, Kronvalda blvd 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Renars Deksnis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Oncology Centre of Latvia, Riga Eastern University Hospital, Hipokrāta 2, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Modra Murovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradiņš University, Rātsupītes 5, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (M.C.); (M.M.)
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Zamir-Nasta T, Pazhouhi M, Ghanbari A, Abdolmaleki A, Jalili C. Expression of cyclin D1, p21, and estrogen receptor alpha in aflatoxin G1-induced disturbance in testicular tissue of albino mice. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:182-192. [PMID: 34084205 PMCID: PMC8102931 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.310525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Aflatoxin (AF) is a mycotoxin produced by various strains of the Aspergillus family. AFG1 as one of the most important types is highly found in cereals and grains. AF affects sperm production or even its quality. This study was designed to test the effects of AFG1 on mice testicular tissue. Experimental approach Twenty-four Albino mice were divided into four groups of 6 each; a control group (0.2 mL corn oil and ethanol), three treatment groups with different periods (20 μg/kg AFG1 for 7, 15, and 35 consecutive days). All treatments were applied intraperitoneally. Biosynthesis of cyclin D1, p21, and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) proteins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Levels of cyclin D1, p21, and ERα mRNA were evaluated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Tubular differentiation index (TDI), reproductive index (RI), and spermiogenesis indices were also analyzed. Findings/Results AFG1 increased the percentage of seminiferous tubules with negative TDI, RI, and SPI compared to the control group (P < 0.05). RT-PCR and IHC analyses illustrated time-dependent enhancement in p21 expression and cyclin D1 biosynthesis in AFG1-treated groups significantly (P < 0.05). While the protein and mRNA levels of ERα were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion and implications The chronic exposure to AFG1 reduced the expression and synthesis of ERα, increased the expression and synthesis of p21 and cyclin D1, impaired apoptosis, which in turn could impair spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toraj Zamir-Nasta
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Mona Pazhouhi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Amir Abdolmaleki
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
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7
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Talebi H, Farahpour MR. Testicular torsion and reperfusion: Germ cell DNA damage and development. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13243. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hatef Talebi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Urmia Branch Islamic Azad University Urmia Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Farahpour
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Urmia Branch Islamic Azad University Urmia Iran
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Götz C, Bischof C, Wolff KD, Kolk A. Detection of HPV infection in head and neck cancers: Promise and pitfalls in the last ten years: A meta-analysis. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 10:17-28. [PMID: 30655973 PMCID: PMC6313947 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current controversial discussion on the disease-specific survival of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive (+) and -negative (-) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head neck region was the motivation for the present meta-analysis. Different detection methods for HPV are available, though these often lack sensitivity. As a consequence, there may be false interpretation of HPV positivity. A bias concerning HPV status and therefore also survival rates is serving a non-durable relevance in the discussion of tailored therapies. A literature search was performed via the online database PubMed/NCBI, and data extraction and statistical analysis were conducted. A total of 139 studies published between 2004 and 2014 were evaluated in the present meta-analysis. The HPV detection methods, patient characteristics, tumor localizations and stages, as well as (neo-) adjuvant therapies and survival times were analyzed. The average incidence rates of HPV+ patients with oropharyngeal tumors were higher than those of patients with cancers of other regions of the head and neck. Upon evaluating the results of different detection methods no significant differences were identified. We have compared the HPV incidence rates of each detection method, when studies have used more than one. Regarding overall survival, the pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for oropharyngeal SCC was 0.31 [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.27-0.36]. Unfortunately, only 3 equivalent studies were available on nonoropharyngeal tumors, for which the pooled adjusted HR was 1 (95% CI=0.73-1.36). Overall, the evaluation demonstrated that the survival rates reported in numerous studies were not evaluated multifactorially and important confounders were excluded from the statistics. The HPV detection methods used were often not sufficient in representing HPV positivity. In addition, oropharyngeal and oral SCCs were assessed together in the localization. The widely differing number of HPV+ patients in each of the various studies may be explained by insufficient detection methods and by a lack of localization distinction. The considerations of a tailored therapy according to HPV status should be rejected based on the present information. The previously published studies should be read critically and do not represent a basis for therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Götz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Clara Bischof
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dietrich Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kolk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, D-81675 Munich, Germany
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9
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Lewis JS, Beadle B, Bishop JA, Chernock RD, Colasacco C, Lacchetti C, Moncur JT, Rocco JW, Schwartz MR, Seethala RR, Thomas NE, Westra WH, Faquin WC. Human Papillomavirus Testing in Head and Neck Carcinomas: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2018; 142:559-597. [PMID: 29251996 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0286-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, and HPV (and/or surrogate marker p16) status has emerged as a prognostic marker that significantly impacts clinical management. There is no current consensus on when to test oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas for HPV/p16 or on which tests to choose. Objective To develop evidence-based recommendations for the testing, application, interpretation, and reporting of HPV and surrogate marker tests in head and neck carcinomas. Design The College of American Pathologists convened a panel of experts in head and neck and molecular pathology, as well as surgical, medical, and radiation oncology, to develop recommendations. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to address 6 key questions. Final recommendations were derived from strength of evidence, open comment period feedback, and expert panel consensus. Results The major recommendations include (1) testing newly diagnosed oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients for high-risk HPV, either from the primary tumor or from cervical nodal metastases, using p16 immunohistochemistry with a 70% nuclear and cytoplasmic staining cutoff, and (2) not routinely testing nonsquamous oropharyngeal carcinomas or nonoropharyngeal carcinomas for HPV. Pathologists are to report tumors as HPV positive or p16 positive. Guidelines are provided for testing cytologic samples and handling of locoregional and distant recurrence specimens. Conclusions Based on the systematic review and on expert panel consensus, high-risk HPV testing is recommended for all new oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients, but not routinely recommended for other head and neck carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William C Faquin
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Lewis); the Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California (Dr Beadle); the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland (Drs Bishop and Westra); the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (Dr Chernock); Surveys, the College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Mss Colasacco and Thomas); Policy and Advocacy, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, Virginia (Ms Lacchetti); the Department of Pathology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Moncur); the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ohio State University Wexler Medical Center, Columbus (Dr Rocco); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Schwartz); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Seethala); and the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Dr Faquin)
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10
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Zamir-Nasta T, Razi M, Shapour H, Malekinejad H. Roles of p21, p53, cyclin D1, CDK-4, estrogen receptor α in aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity in testicular tissue of mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:385-395. [PMID: 29274131 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was done in order to investigate time-dependent effect of AFB1 on expression of genes involving in cell cycle check point machinery at G, S, and M phases. For this purpose, 24 mature male Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into control and test groups. The animals in test group subdivided into three groups, which received the AFB1 at a daily dose of 20 µg/kg body weight, through intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, for 7, 14, and 21 days. The p21, p53, cyclin D1, CDK4, and ERα expressions at both mRNA and protein level were analyzed by using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Moreover, the tubular differentiation (TDI) and spermiogenesis (SPI) indices were analyzed. Finally, the testicular DNA fragmentation was assessed by using DNA Ladder test. Observations revealed that the AFB1 remarkably (P < .05) reduced cyclin D1, Cdk4, and ERα expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Up-regulated p21 and p53 expression was revealed in AFB1-received animals, which developed time dependently. Histological examinations exhibited a significant reduction in TDI and SPI indices. Finally, the AFB1 resulted in severe DNA fragmentation. Our data showed that the AFB1 by down-regulating the cyclin D1, Cdk4, and ERα expression adversely affects cyclin D1/Cdk4 and cyclin D1/ERα interactions. Moreover, the AFB1-induced overexpression of p21 (as a kinase inhibitor), in turn results in cell cycle arrest via inhibiting the Cdk4 interaction with cyclin D1. Finally, the AFB1-induced DNA damage triggers the p53-dependent apoptosis pathway independent to p21 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toraj Zamir-Nasta
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hasanzadeh Shapour
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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11
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Amin M, Razi M, Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei F, Shalizar Jalali A, Najafi G. Berberine inhibits experimental varicocele-induced cell cycle arrest via regulating cyclin D1, cdk4 and p21 proteins expression in rat testicles. Andrologia 2018; 50:e12984. [PMID: 29441600 DOI: 10.1111/and.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to uncover the protective effect of berberine (BBR), an antioxidant chemical, on experimental varicocele (VCL)-induced adverse effects on cell cycle machinery during early germ cells mitosis. To follow-up this study, 30 mature male Wistar rats were divided into control-sham, nontreated VCL, 50 mg kg-1 and 100 mg kg-1 BBR-treated VCL groups. Following 60 days, histological alterations were analysed by haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, and expressions of cyclin-D1, cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (cdk4) and p21 were investigated by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining technique. Finally, DNA ladder test was carried out to examine the testicular DNA fragmentation. Administration of BBR remarkably diminished the percentage of seminiferous tubules with deformed shape, depleted germ cells and germ cells dissociation compared to VCL-sole group. The IHC observations showed that BBR significantly (p < .05) reduced VCL-induced p21 expression increase and up-regulated cyclin-D1 and cdk4 expressions. Moreover, BBR decreased VCL-induced DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, BBR can promote cell cycle through cellular DNA content protection, p21 expression down-regulation and maintaining cyclin-D1 and cdk4 expressions. Thus, BBR could be considered as a novel protective biochemical agent against experimental VCL-induced derangements. However, more studies are needed to uncover BBR-induced effects on cells cycle process and germ cells development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amin
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - M Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - F Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - A Shalizar Jalali
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - G Najafi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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van den Bovenkamp K, Dorgelo B, Noordhuis MG, van der Laan BFAM, van der Vegt B, Bijl HP, Roodenburg JL, van Dijk BAC, Oosting SF, Schuuring EMD, Langendijk JA, Halmos GB, Plaat BEC. Viable tumor in salvage neck dissections in head and neck cancer: Relation with initial treatment, change of lymph node size and human papillomavirus. Oral Oncol 2018; 77:131-136. [PMID: 29362119 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify predictive factors for the presence of viable tumor and outcome in head and neck cancer patients who undergo therapeutic salvage neck dissections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of 76 salvage neck dissections after radiotherapy alone (n = 22), radiotherapy in combination with carboplatin/5-fluorouracil (n = 42) or with cetuximab (n = 12). RESULTS Viable tumor was detected in 41% of all neck dissections. Univariate analysis revealed initial treatment with radiotherapy without systemic therapy (OR 6.93, 95%CI: 2.28-21.07, p < .001), increased lymph node size after initial treatment compared to pretreatment CT scan (OR 20.48, 95%CI: 2.46-170.73, p = .005), more extensive neck dissections (OR 8.40, 95%CI: 2.94-23.98, p < .001), and human papillomavirus negative cancer (OR 4.22, 95%CI: 1.10-16.22, p = .036) as predictors of viable tumor. Patients with decreased or stable, but persistently enlarged lymph node size after chemoradiation had a significantly lower chance of viable tumor (OR 0.15, 95%CI: 0.05-0.41, p < .001). Disease-specific 5-year survival was 34% in case of viable tumor, and 78% when no viable tumor was found (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Viable tumor in salvage neck dissections is associated with reduced survival. Radiotherapy alone, human papillomavirus negative cancer and increase in lymph node size, are associated with viable tumor in salvage neck dissections. In case of decreased or stable lymph node size after chemoradiation, watchful waiting could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn van den Bovenkamp
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Dorgelo
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje G Noordhuis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik P Bijl
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan L Roodenburg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boukje A C van Dijk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Cancer Organisation The Netherlands (IKNL), P.O. Box 19.079, 3501DB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoukje F Oosting
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed M D Schuuring
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gyorgy B Halmos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn E C Plaat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Pattle SB, Utjesanovic N, Togo A, Wells L, Conn B, Monaghan H, Junor E, Johannessen I, Cuschieri K, Talbot S. Copy number gain of 11q13.3 genes associates with pathological stage in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 56:185-198. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Pattle
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine; The University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Scotland
| | - Natasa Utjesanovic
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine; The University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Scotland
| | - Athena Togo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Laurieston Building; NHS Lothian, Edinburgh
| | - Lucy Wells
- Western General Hospital; The Edinburgh Cancer Centre; NHS Lothian, Edinburgh
| | - Brendan Conn
- Department of Pathology; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; NHS Lothian, Edinburgh
| | - Hannah Monaghan
- Department of Pathology; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; NHS Lothian, Edinburgh
| | - Elizabeth Junor
- Western General Hospital; The Edinburgh Cancer Centre; NHS Lothian, Edinburgh
| | | | - Kate Cuschieri
- Scottish HPV Reference Laboratory; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; NHS Lothian, Edinburgh
| | - Simon Talbot
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine; The University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Scotland
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14
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Sivars L, Bersani C, Grün N, Ramqvist T, Munck-Wikland E, Von Buchwald C, Dalianis T. Human papillomavirus is a favourable prognostic factor in cancer of unknown primary in the head and neck region and in hypopharyngeal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:671-674. [PMID: 28105346 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), in addition to smoking and alcohol, is a cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), particularly of the tonsils and base of the tongue (TSCC and BOTSCC, respectively). Moreover, HPV-positive TSCC and BOTSCC are associated with a better outcome compared with their HPV-negative counterparts (80 vs. 40% 3-year disease-free survival rate, respectively) and their incidence has increased in several countries. Recently, accumulating evidence of HPV in a considerable proportion of cancers of unknown primary (CUP) in the head and neck region and in a small proportion of hypopharyngeal SCCs has been reported. Furthermore, HPV-positive tumours, particularly cases with HPV DNA positivity in combination with overexpression of p16, also tend to have a better clinical outcome compared with that of the corresponding HPV-negative tumours. This finding is particularly prominent in HPV-positive CUPs of the head and neck region, where the primary tumour likely originates from the oropharynx. Thus, the determination of HPV status and p16 expression may be of value for the diagnosis and treatment of CUP of the head and neck region and may also be of value for hypopharyngeal cancers in the future. However, for hypopharyngeal cancer as well as other non-OPSCCs, additional studies per subsite on the effect of HPV status on survival are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Sivars
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cinzia Bersani
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Grün
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Ramqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Munck-Wikland
- Department of Clinical, Technical Sciences and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Von Buchwald
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Dalianis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Human papillomavirus DNA and p16(INK4a) expression in hypopharyngeal cancer and in relation to clinical outcome, in Stockholm, Sweden. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:857-61. [PMID: 26120094 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypopharyngeal cancer is a subset of head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with particularly poor prognosis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor for some HNSCC, and its presence is of prognostic value for certain subsites. However, its influence on survival in hypopharyngeal cancer has not been thoroughly investigated. Here we examine HPV DNA and p16(INK4a) (p16) overexpression in relation to clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypopharyngeal tumour biopsies from 82 patients diagnosed 2008-2013 were examined for presence of HPV DNA by a bead-based multiplex assay and for p16 expression by immunohistochemistry, and the obtained data compared to that acquired previously from 109 patients diagnosed 2000-2007 at the same clinic. A survival analysis was then performed on 142 patients (from both studies) treated with curative intent and a 3-year follow-up time. RESULTS Of the tumour biopsies 3/82 (3.7%) were HPV16 DNA and p16 positive, while 12/82 (14.6%) were p16 positive, equivalent to that in the previous study. Overall 3-year survival was significantly more favourable for patients with HPV16 DNA and p16 positive tumours as compared to survival of the other patients (86% vs. 31%, p=0.0185). A similar but not statistically significant trend was found for disease specific survival. CONCLUSION HPV DNA and p16 positive hypopharyngeal cancer was rare and had not increased, but had a better clinical outcome as compared to other HPV-unrelated hypopharyngeal cancer. In addition, p16 overexpression was not a suitable surrogate marker for presence of HPV or for prediction of survival in this type of cancer.
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16
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Mirkovic J, Howitt BE, Roncarati P, Demoulin S, Suarez-Carmona M, Hubert P, McKeon FD, Xian W, Li A, Delvenne P, Crum CP, Herfs M. Carcinogenic HPV infection in the cervical squamo-columnar junction. J Pathol 2015; 236:265-71. [PMID: 25782708 DOI: 10.1002/path.4533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested the involvement of a unique population of cells at the cervical squamo-columnar junction (SCJ) in the pathogenesis of early (squamous intraepithelial lesion or SIL) and advanced (squamous cell and adeno-carcinomas) cervical neoplasia. However, there is little evidence to date showing that SCJ cells harbour carcinogenic HPV or are instrumental in the initial phases of neoplasia. This study was designed to (1) determine if normal-appearing SCJ cells contained evidence of carcinogenic HPV infection and (2) trace their transition to early SIL. Sections of cervix from high-risk reproductive age women were selected and SCJ cells were analysed by using several techniques which increasingly implicated HPV infection: HPV DNA (genotyping and in situ hybridization)/RNA (PCR), immunostaining for HPV16 E2 (an early marker of HPV infection), p16(ink4), Ki67, and HPV L1 protein. In 22 cases with a history of SIL and no evidence of preneoplastic lesion in the excision specimen, HPV DNA was isolated from eight of ten with visible SCJ cells, six of which were HPV16/18 DNA-positive. In five of these latter cases, the SCJ cells were positive for p16(ink4) and/or HPV E2. Transcriptionally active HPV infection (E6/E7 mRNAs) was also detected in microdissected SCJ cells. Early squamous atypia associated with the SCJ cells demonstrated in addition diffuse p16(ink4) immunoreactivity, elevated proliferative index, and rare L1 antigen positivity. We present for the first time direct evidence that normal-appearing SCJ cells can be infected by carcinogenic HPV. They initially express HPV E2 and their progression to SIL is heralded by an expanding metaplastic progeny with increased proliferation and p16(ink4) expression. Whether certain SCJs are more vulnerable than others to carcinogenic HPV genotypes and what variables determine transition to high-grade SIL remain unresolved, but the common event appears to be a vulnerable cell at the SCJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Mirkovic
- Department of Pathology, Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brooke E Howitt
- Department of Pathology, Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Roncarati
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Demoulin
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Meggy Suarez-Carmona
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascale Hubert
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frank D McKeon
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Wa Xian
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Anita Li
- Department of Pathology, Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christopher P Crum
- Department of Pathology, Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Herfs
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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17
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Rodrigo JP, Hermsen MA, Fresno MF, Brakenhoff RH, García-Velasco F, Snijders PJF, Heideman DAM, García-Pedrero JM. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in northern Spain. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 39:37-41. [PMID: 25468644 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies support a role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs); however, the significance of HPV in non-oropharyngeal head and neck cancers is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV in a large cohort of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCCs in northern Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical records and paraffin-embedded tumor specimens of 124 consecutive patients surgically treated for laryngeal (62 cases) and hypopharyngeal (62 cases) SCCs between 2002 and 2007 were retrieved. All cases were histologically evaluated, and presence of HPV was assessed by p16-immunohistochemistry followed by GP5+/6+-PCR-based DNA detection. Samples positive in both assays were subjected to HPV genotyping and HPV E6 transcript analysis. RESULTS Seventeen cases (14%) were positive for p16 immunostaining, of which 2 (1 larynx, 1 hypopharynx, 1.6% of total series) were found positive for HPV DNA by subsequent GP5+6+-PCR. Both SCCs contained HPV type 16 and showed HPV16 E6 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS HPV is only occasionally involved in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCC patients in northern Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Mario A Hermsen
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel F Fresno
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian García-Velasco
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter J F Snijders
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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18
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Woods RSR, O’Regan EM, Kennedy S, Martin C, O’Leary JJ, Timon C. Role of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A review. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:172-193. [PMID: 24945004 PMCID: PMC4061306 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i6.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. As a result, traditional paradigms in relation to the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been changing. Research into HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is rapidly expanding, however many molecular pathological and clinical aspects of the role of HPV remain uncertain and are the subject of ongoing investigation. A detailed search of the literature pertaining to HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma was performed and information on the topic was gathered. In this article, we present an extensive review of the current literature on the role of HPV in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in relation to epidemiology, risk factors, carcinogenesis, biomarkers and clinical implications. HPV has been established as a causative agent in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and biologically active HPV can act as a prognosticator with better overall survival than HPV-negative tumours. A distinct group of younger patients with limited tobacco and alcohol exposure have emerged as characteristic of this HPV-related subset of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis are not completely understood and further studies are needed to assist development of optimal prevention and treatment modalities.
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19
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Proteomic study of HPV-positive head and neck cancers: preliminary results. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:430906. [PMID: 24719866 PMCID: PMC3955617 DOI: 10.1155/2014/430906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) was recently recognized as a new risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. For oropharyngeal cancers, an HPV+ status is associated with better prognosis in a subgroup of nonsmokers and nondrinkers. However, HPV infection is also involved in the biology of head and neck carcinoma (HNC) in patients with a history of tobacco use and/or alcohol consumption. Thus, the involvement of HPV infection in HN carcinogenesis remains unclear, and further studies are needed to identify and analyze HPV-specific pathways that are involved in this process. Using a quantitative proteomics-based approach, we compared the protein expression profiles of two HPV+ HNC cell lines and one HPV- HNC cell line. We identified 155 proteins that are differentially expressed (P < 0.01) in these three lines. Among the identified proteins, prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) was upregulated and eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha (EEF1α) was downregulated in the HPV+ cell lines. Immunofluorescence and western blotting analyses confirmed these results. Moreover, PSCA and EEF1 α were differentially expressed in two clinical series of 50 HPV+ and 50 HPV- oral cavity carcinomas. Thus, our study reveals for the first time that PSCA and EEF1 α are associated with the HPV-status, suggesting that these proteins could be involved in HPV-associated carcinogenesis.
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20
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Genome stability pathways in head and neck cancers. Int J Genomics 2013; 2013:464720. [PMID: 24364026 PMCID: PMC3834617 DOI: 10.1155/2013/464720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability underlies the transformation of host cells toward malignancy, promotes development of invasion and metastasis and shapes the response of established cancer to treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of genomic stability in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), with an emphasis on DNA repair pathways. HNSCC is characterized by distinct profiles in genome stability between similarly staged cancers that are reflected in risk, treatment response and outcomes. Defective DNA repair generates chromosomal derangement that can cause subsequent alterations in gene expression, and is a hallmark of progression toward carcinoma. Variable functionality of an increasing spectrum of repair gene polymorphisms is associated with increased cancer risk, while aetiological factors such as human papillomavirus, tobacco and alcohol induce significantly different behaviour in induced malignancy, underpinned by differences in genomic stability. Targeted inhibition of signalling receptors has proven to be a clinically-validated therapy, and protein expression of other DNA repair and signalling molecules associated with cancer behaviour could potentially provide a more refined clinical model for prognosis and treatment prediction. Development and expansion of current genomic stability models is furthering our understanding of HNSCC pathophysiology and uncovering new, promising treatment strategies.
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21
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Wendt M, Romanitan M, Näsman A, Dalianis T, Hammarstedt L, Marklund L, Ramqvist T, Munck-Wikland E. Presence of human papillomaviruses and p16 expression in hypopharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 2013; 36:107-12. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mircea Romanitan
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anders Näsman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tina Dalianis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lalle Hammarstedt
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Linda Marklund
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Ramqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Munck-Wikland
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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22
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Guenin S, Mouallif M, Hubert P, Jacobs N, Krusy N, Duray A, Ennaji MM, Saussez S, Delvenne P. Interleukin-32 expression is associated with a poorer prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:667-73. [PMID: 23359495 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represent the sixth most common malignancy diagnosed worldwide. Patient's survival is low due the high frequency of tumor recurrence. Inflammation promotes carcinogenesis as well as the formation of metastasis. Indeed, proinflammatory mediators are known to stimulate the expression of specific transcription factors such as Snai1 and to increase the ability of tumor cells to migrate into distant organs. The atypical interleukin-32 (IL32) was mainly described to exacerbate inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. IL32 is expressed in various cancers but its role in HNSCC physiology is still unexplored. Here, we analyzed the expression of IL32 and its implication on HNSCC aggressiveness. We showed that patients with tumor expressing high amounts of IL32 exhibit decreased disease-free periods (20.5 mo vs. 41 mo, P = 0.0041) and overall survival (P = 0.0359) in comparison with individuals with weak IL32 tumor expression. This overexpression was negatively correlated with gender (P = 0.0292) and p53 expression (P = 0.0307). In addition, in vitro data linked IL32 expression to metastasis formation since IL32 inhibition decreased Snai1 expression and tumor cell migration in a Boyden chamber assay. Our data provide new insight into the role of IL32 in HNSCC aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guenin
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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23
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Duray A, Descamps G, Decaestecker C, Remmelink M, Sirtaine N, Lechien J, Ernoux-Neufcoeur P, Bletard N, Somja J, Depuydt CE, Delvenne P, Saussez S. Human papillomavirus DNA strongly correlates with a poorer prognosis in oral cavity carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2012; 122:1558-65. [PMID: 22532307 DOI: 10.1002/lary.23298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a clinical series of 162 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was studied. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between the immunohistochemical expression of p16, p53, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and HPV status to predict survival in OSCC patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. METHODS Paraffin-embedded samples from OSCC patients (n = 162) were evaluated for the presence of HPV DNA using both GP5+/GP6+ consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and type-specific E6/E7 PCR to detect HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67, and 68. Immunohistochemical staining for p16, p53, and EGFR was also performed. RESULTS The type-specific E6/E7 PCR demonstrated that 65 of the 147 OSCC patients (44%) presented with high-risk (hr) HPV types and that 38 of the 147 OSCC patients (26%) presented with low-risk (lr) HPV types. Comparable p53 and EGFR expression levels were observed in the hr HPV+ group (41.5% p53+, 92% EGFR+) and the lr HPV+ group (57% p53+, 92% EGFR+). Conversely, a slight increase in the proportion of p16+ tumors was observed in the hr HPV+ group (65%) compared with the lr HPV+ group (44%). In regard to patient outcome, the presence of HPV was correlated with a worse prognosis (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of hr and lr HPV infections was detected in the OSCC patients included in the study. Moreover, hr HPV positivity was correlated with a decreased 5-year disease-free survival rate compared with HPV- and lr HPV+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Duray
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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Duray A, Descamps G, Bettonville M, Sirtaine N, Ernoux-Neufcoeur P, Guenin S, Mouallif M, Depuydt CE, Delvenne P, Saussez S. High prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus in palatine tonsils from healthy children and adults. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 145:230-5. [PMID: 21493279 DOI: 10.1177/0194599811402944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in 80 tumor-free tonsils from healthy children and adults using a sensitive E6/E7 type-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Ear, nose, and throat department, university hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Paraffin-embedded tissues from tumor-free tonsils (TFTs) were evaluated for HPV DNA using GP5+/6+ consensus PCR and subsequent genotyping using E6/E7 type-specific PCR for HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68. The immunohistochemical expression of p16 and p53 was also assessed. RESULTS In 80 TFTs, the authors identified 10 (12.5%) that tested positive for the following high-risk HPV types: HPV 16 (8 cases), 18 (1 case), and 31 (1 case). Twelve patients (15%) tested positive for HPV infection using the GP5+/GP6+ consensus primers but were negative using quantitative PCR. These patients were considered infected with low-risk HPV types. Fifty-eight TFTs (72.5%) tested negative for both GP5+/GP6+ and type-specific HPV PCR analysis (HPV negative). Among patients infected with HPV, the authors observed a slight increase in frequency with age. CONCLUSION In TFTs, oncogenic and nononcogenic HPVs were present at a relatively high frequency in children and adults. The presence of high-risk HPV DNA in young children supports the horizontal transmission hypothesis and argues in favor of HPV vaccination at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Duray
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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Lee SH, Lee NH, Jin SM, Rho YS, Jo SJ. Loss of Heterozygosity of Tumor Suppressor Genes (p16, Rb, E-cadherin, p53) in Hypopharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 145:64-70. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599811401327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Microsatellite alterations, especially those that cause loss of heterozygosity (LOH), have recently been postulated as a novel mechanism of carcinogenesis and a useful prognostic factor in many kinds of malignant tumors. However, few studies have focused on a specific site, hypopharynx. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between LOH and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC). Study Design. Laboratory-based study. Setting. Integrated health care system. Subjects and Methods. Matched normal and cancerous tissues from 30 patients with HPSCC were examined for LOH in 4 tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) (p16, Rb, E-cadherin, and p53) at loci 9p21, 13q21, 6q22, and 17p13, respectively, using microsatellite markers amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The results for each loci were compared with clinicopathological features. Results. Among the 30 cases, 26 (86.7%) exhibited LOH, with the most common alteration being LOH at p53 (52.6%). Significantly higher rates of LOH detection were seen in Rb, p53, and the LOH-high group (cases where 2 or more loci with LOH were found) in cases of lymph node metastasis. Compared with stage I and II carcinoma, tumors of stages III and IV had significantly higher frequencies of LOH in Rb, p53, and the LOH-high group. However, the presence of LOH was not significantly correlated with survival. Conclusion. These results suggest that LOH in TSGs such as Rb and p53 may contribute to the development and progression of HPSCC. The presence of LOH in the primary tumor may also be predictive of lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam-Hoon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Soo Rho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Ilsong Memorial Institute of Head and Neck Cancer, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Jo
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Ilsong Memorial Institute of Head and Neck Cancer, Seoul, Korea
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Immune suppression in head and neck cancers: a review. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2010:701657. [PMID: 21437225 PMCID: PMC3061296 DOI: 10.1155/2010/701657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the sixth most common cancer in the world. Despite significant advances in the treatment modalities involving surgery, radiotherapy, and concomitant chemoradiotherapy, the 5-year survival rate remained below 50% for the past 30 years. The worse prognosis of these cancers must certainly be link to the fact that HNSCCs strongly influence the host immune system. We present a critical review of our understanding of the HNSCC escape to the antitumor immune response such as a downregulation of HLA class I and/or components of APM. Antitumor responses of HNSCC patients are compromised in the presence of functional defects or apoptosis of T-cells, both circulating and tumor-infiltrating. Langerhans cells are increased in the first steps of the carcinogenesis but decreased in invasive carcinomas. The accumulation of macrophages in the peritumoral areas seems to play a protumoral role by secreting VEGF and stimulating the neoangiogenesis.
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