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Abdellatef SA, Bard F, Nakanishi J. Photoactivatable substrates show diverse phenotypes of leader cells in collective migration when moving along different extracellular matrix proteins. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3446-3457. [PMID: 38832531 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00225c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In cancer metastasis, collectively migrating clusters are discriminated into leader and follower cells that move through extracellular matrices (ECMs) with different characteristics. The impact of changes in ECM protein types on leader cells and migrating clusters is unknown. To address this, we investigated the response of leader cells and migrating clusters upon moving from one ECM protein to another using a photoactivatable substrate bearing photocleavable PEG (PCP), whose surface changes from protein-repellent to protein-adhesive in response to light. We chose laminin and collagen I for our study since they are abundant in two distinct regions in living tissues, namely basement membrane and connective tissue. Using the photoactivatable substrates, the precise deposition of the first ECM protein in the irradiated areas was achieved, followed by creating well-defined cellular confinements. Secondary irradiation enabled the deposition of the second ECM protein in the new irradiated regions, resulting in region-selective heterogeneous and homogenous ECM protein-coated surfaces. Different tendencies in leader cell formation from laminin into laminin compared to those migrating from laminin into collagen were observed. The formation of focal adhesion and actin structures for cells within the same cluster in the ECM proteins responded according to the underlying ECM protein type. Finally, integrin β1 was crucial for the appearance of leader cells for clusters migrating from laminin into collagen. However, when it came to laminin into laminin, integrin β1 was not responsible. This highlights the correlation between leader cells in collective migration and the biochemical signals that arise from underlying extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Abdellatef
- Mechanobiology group, Research Centre for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Francesca Bard
- Mechanobiology group, Research Centre for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- Mechanobiology group, Research Centre for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
- Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo University of Science, advanced Graduate School of Engineering Materials Innovation Engineering, Japan
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2
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Mullen S, Movia D. The role of extracellular vesicles in non-small-cell lung cancer, the unknowns, and how new approach methodologies can support new knowledge generation in the field. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106516. [PMID: 37406971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles released from most human cell types that contain a variety of cargos responsible for mediating cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ communications. Current knowledge demonstrates that EVs also play critical roles in many aspects of the progression of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Their roles range from increasing proliferative signalling to inhibiting apoptosis, promoting cancer metastasis, and modulating the tumour microenvironment to support cancer development. However, due to the limited availability of patient samples, intrinsic inter-species differences between human and animal EV biology, and the complex nature of EV interactions in vivo, where multiple cell types are present and several events occur simultaneously, the use of conventional preclinical and clinical models has significantly hindered reaching conclusive results. This review discusses the biological roles that EVs are currently known to play in NSCLC and identifies specific challenges in advancing today's knowledge. It also describes the NSCLC models that have been used to define currently-known EV functions, the limitations associated with their use in this field, and how New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), such as microfluidic platforms, organoids, and spheroids, can be used to overcome these limitations, effectively supporting future exciting discoveries in the NSCLC field and the potential clinical exploitation of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sive Mullen
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dania Movia
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland.
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3
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Brain metastasis (BM) is the leading cause of mortality in lung cancer patients. The process of BM (from initial primary tumor development, migration and intravasation, dissemination and survival in the bloodstream, extravasation, to colonization and growth to metastases) is a complex process for which few tumor cells complete the entire process. Recent research on BM of lung cancer has recently stressed the essential role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in assisting tumor cells in the completion of each BM step. This review summarizes recent studies regarding the effects of TME on tumor cells in the entire process of BM derived from lung cancer. The identification of vulnerable targets in the TME and their prospects to provide novel therapeutic opportunities are also discussed.
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Shiraki Y, Mii S, Esaki N, Enomoto A. Possible disease-protective roles of fibroblasts in cancer and fibrosis and their therapeutic application. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022; 84:484-496. [PMID: 36237894 PMCID: PMC9529631 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.84.3.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and fibrotic diseases are characterized by continuous inflammation, tissue wounds, and injuries. Cancer is a "wound that does not heal," and the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells disrupts normal tissue integrity and induces stromal fibroinflammatory reactions. Fibroblasts proliferate extensively in the stroma, playing a major role in the development of these diseases. There has been considerable evidence that fibroblasts contribute to fibrosis and tissue stiffening and promote disease progression via multiple mechanisms. However, recent emerging findings, mainly derived from single-cell transcriptomic analysis, indicated that fibroblasts are functionally heterogeneous, leading to the hypothesis that both disease-promoting and -restraining fibroblasts exist. We recently showed that a fibroblast population, defined by the expression of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein Meflin may suppress but not promote fibrotic response and disease progression in cancer and fibrotic diseases. Although currently hypothetical, the primary function of Meflin-positive fibroblasts may be tissue repair after injury and cancer initiation occurred. This observation has led to the proposal of a potential therapy that converts the phenotype of fibroblasts from pro-tumor to anti-tumor. In this short review, we summarize our recent findings on the function of Meflin in the context of cancer and fibrotic diseases and discuss how we can utilize this knowledge on fibroblasts in translational medicine. We also discuss several aspects of the interpretation of survival analysis data, such as Kaplan-Meier analysis, to address the function of specific genes expressed in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Esaki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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Single-cell analysis reveals that cancer-associated fibroblasts stimulate oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion via the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 55:262-273. [PMID: 36148955 PMCID: PMC10157546 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in cancer biology and treatment, the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still not satisfactory because of local tumor invasion and frequent lymph node metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a potential target in which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are of great significance due to their interactions with cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, we focus on the crosstalk between cancer cells and CAFs and discover that CAFs are the main source of TGF-β1. Transwell assays and western blot analysis further prove that CAFs activate the TGF-β1/Smad pathway to promote OSCC invasion. Through survival analysis, we confirm that CAF overexpression is correlated with poor overall survival in OSCC. To further elucidate the origin and role of CAFs in OSCC, we analyze single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from 14 OSCC tumor samples and identify four distinct cell types, including CAFs, in the TME, indicating high intratumoral heterogeneity. Then, two subtypes of CAFs, namely, myofibroblasts (mCAFs) and inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs), are further distinguished. Based on the differentially upregulated genes of mCAFs and iCAFs, GO enrichment analysis reveals their different roles in OSCC progression. Furthermore, the gene expression pattern is dynamically altered across pseudotime, potentially taking part in the transformation from epithelial to mCAFs or iCAFs through the epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
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Belluomini L, Dodi A, Caldart A, Kadrija D, Sposito M, Casali M, Sartori G, Ferrara MG, Avancini A, Bria E, Menis J, Milella M, Pilotto S. A narrative review on tumor microenvironment in oligometastatic and oligoprogressive non-small cell lung cancer: a lot remains to be done. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:3369-3384. [PMID: 34430373 PMCID: PMC8350097 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective In this review, we aim to collect and discuss available data about the role and composition of tumor microenvironment (TME) in oligometastatic (OMD) and oligoprogressive (OPD) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, we aim to summarize the ongoing clinical trials evaluating as exploratory objective the TME composition, through tissue and/or blood samples, in order to clarify whether TME and its components could explain, at least partially, the oligometastatic/oligoprogressive process and could unravel the existence of predictive and/or prognostic factors for local ablative therapy (LAT). Background OMD/OPD NSCLC represent a heterogeneous group of diseases. Several data have shown that TME plays an important role in tumor progression and therefore in treatment response. The crucial role of several types of cells and molecules such as immune cells, cytokines, integrins, protease and adhesion molecules, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been widely established. Due to the peculiar activation of specific pathways and expression of adhesion molecules, metastatic cells seem to show a tropism for specific anatomic sites (the so-called “seed and soil” hypothesis). Based on this theory, metastases appear as a biologically driven process rather than a random release of cancer cells. Although the role and the function of TME at the time of progression in patients with NSCLC treated with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been investigated, limited data about the role and the biological meaning of TME are available in the specific OMD/OPD setting. Methods Through a comprehensive PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov search, we identified available and ongoing studies exploring the role of TME in oligometastatic/oligoprogressive NSCLC. Conclusions Deepening the knowledge on TME composition and function in OMD/OPD may provide innovative implications in terms of both prognosis and prediction of outcome in particular from local treatments, paving the way for future investigations of personalized approaches in both advanced and early disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Belluomini
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dodi
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Caldart
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Dzenete Kadrija
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Sposito
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Miriam Casali
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Sartori
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Miriam Grazia Ferrara
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Alice Avancini
- Biomedical, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Emilio Bria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Jessica Menis
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Pilotto
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
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7
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Kunou S, Shimada K, Takai M, Sakamoto A, Aoki T, Hikita T, Kagaya Y, Iwamoto E, Sanada M, Shimada S, Hayakawa F, Oneyama C, Kiyoi H. Exosomes secreted from cancer-associated fibroblasts elicit anti-pyrimidine drug resistance through modulation of its transporter in malignant lymphoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:3989-4003. [PMID: 33994542 PMCID: PMC8195743 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is deeply involved in the process of tumor growth and development. In this study, we focused on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their derived exosomes on the lymphoma microenvironment to uncover their clinical significance. CAFs were established from primary lymphoma samples, and exosomes secreted from CAFs were obtained by standard procedures. We then investigated the roles of CAFs and their derived exosomes in the survival and drug resistance of lymphoma cells. CAFs supported the survival of lymphoma cells through increased glycolysis, and the extent differed among CAFs. Exosomes were identified as a major component of the extracellular vesicles from CAFs, and they also supported the survival of lymphoma cells. The suppression of RAB27B, which is involved in the secretion of exosomes, using a specific siRNA resulted in reduced exosome secretion and decreased survival of lymphoma cells. Moreover, anti-pyrimidine drug resistance was induced in the presence of exosomes through the suppression of the pyrimidine transporter, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2), and the suppression of ENT2 was significant in in vivo experiments and clinical samples. RNA sequencing analysis of miRNAs in exosomes identified miR-4717-5p as one of the most abundant miRNAs in the exosome, which suppressed the expression of ENT2 and induced anti-pyrimidine drug resistance in vitro. Our results suggest that exosomes including miR-4717-5p secreted from CAFs play a pivotal role in the lymphoma microenvironment, indicating that they are a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kunou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shimada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Mika Takai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Fujii Memorial Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sakamoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Aoki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hikita
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Target and Drug Discovery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kagaya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eisuke Iwamoto
- Department of Advanced Diagnosis, Clinical Research Centre, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Sanada
- Department of Advanced Diagnosis, Clinical Research Centre, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoko Shimada
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hayakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Target and Drug Discovery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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8
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Mitochondria at Center of Exchanges between Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts during Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103017. [PMID: 33080792 PMCID: PMC7603005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant cells and their supportive associated fibroblasts (CAFs) exchange various molecules that promote energy production, biosynthesis and therapy resistance by modulating mitochondrial activity and dynamics. We herein review molecular exchanges from CAFs to malignant cells that support tumor growth and therapy resistance, and we highlight the crucial role of CAFs mitochondria in this support. This implies (1) reciprocal mitochondrial control by malignant cells and (2) fibroblast activation. Finally, we discuss therapeutic strategies that could improve current therapies by targeting mitochondrial-mediated dialogue between the two cell types. Abstract Resistance of solid cancer cells to chemotherapies and targeted therapies is not only due to the mutational status of cancer cells but also to the concurring of stromal cells of the tumor ecosystem, such as immune cells, vasculature and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The reciprocal education of cancer cells and CAFs favors tumor growth, survival and invasion. Mitochondrial function control, including the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress and apoptotic stress are crucial for these different tumor progression steps. In this review, we focus on how CAFs participate in cancer progression by modulating cancer cells metabolic functions and mitochondrial apoptosis. We emphasize that mitochondria from CAFs influence their activation status and pro-tumoral effects. We thus advocate that understanding mitochondria-mediated tumor–stroma interactions provides the possibility to consider cancer therapies that improve current treatments by targeting these interactions or mitochondria directly in tumor and/or stromal cells.
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Chen BJ, Wu JS, Tang YJ, Tang YL, Liang XH. What makes leader cells arise: Intrinsic properties and support from neighboring cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8983-8995. [PMID: 32572948 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells collectively invading as a cohesive and polarized group is termed collective invasion, which is a fundamental property of many types of cancers. In this multicellular unit, cancer cells are heterogeneous, consisting of two morphologically and functionally distinct subpopulations, leader cells and follower cells. Leader cells at the invasive front are responsible for exploring the microenvironment, paving the way, and transmitting information to follower cells. Here, in this review, we will describe the important role of leader cells in collective invasion and the emerging underlying mechanisms of leader cell formation including intrinsic properties and the support from neighboring cells. It will help us to elucidate the essence of collective invasion and provide new anticancer therapeutic clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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To lead or to herd: optimal strategies for 3D collective migration of cell clusters. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 19:1551-1564. [PMID: 31997028 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells migrating in clusters play a significant role in a number of biological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing, and tumor metastasis during cancer progression. A variety of environmental and biochemical factors can influence the collective migration of cells with differing degrees of cell autonomy and inter-cellular coupling strength. For example, weakly coupled cells can move collectively under the influence of contact guidance from neighboring cells or the environment. Alternatively strongly coupled cells might follow one or more leader cells to move as a single cohesive unit. Additionally, chemical and mechanical signaling between these cells may alter the degree of coupling and determine effective cluster sizes. Being able to understand this collective cell migration process is critical in the prediction and manipulation of outcomes of key biological processes. Here we focus on understanding how various environmental and cellular factors influence small clusters of cells migrating collectively within a 3D fibrous matrix. We combine existing knowledge of single-cell migration in 2D and 3D environments, prior experimental observations of cell-cell interactions and collective migration, and a newly developed stochastic model of cell migration in 3D matrices, to simulate the migration of cell clusters in different physiologically relevant environments. Our results show that based on the extracellular environment and the strength of cell-cell mechanical coupling, two distinct optimal approaches to driving collective cell migration emerge. The ability to effectively employ these two distinct migration strategies might be critical for cells to collectively migrate through the heterogeneous tissue environments within the body.
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11
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Movia D, Bazou D, Prina-Mello A. ALI multilayered co-cultures mimic biochemical mechanisms of the cancer cell-fibroblast cross-talk involved in NSCLC MultiDrug Resistance. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:854. [PMID: 31464606 PMCID: PMC6714313 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study focuses on its most common form, Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). No cure exists for advanced NSCLC, and patient prognosis is extremely poor. Efforts are currently being made to develop effective inhaled NSCLC therapies. However, at present, reliable preclinical models to support the development of inhaled anti-cancer drugs do not exist. This is due to the oversimplified nature of currently available in vitro models, and the significant interspecies differences between animals and humans. Methods We have recently established 3D Multilayered Cell Cultures (MCCs) of human NSCLC (A549) cells grown at the Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) as the first in vitro tool for screening the efficacy of inhaled anti-cancer drugs. Here, we present an improved in vitro model formed by growing A549 cells and human fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line) as an ALI multilayered co-culture. The model was characterized over 14-day growth and tested for its response to four benchmarking chemotherapeutics. Results ALI multilayered co-cultures showed an increased resistance to the four drugs tested as compared to ALI multilayered mono-cultures. The signalling pathways involved in the culture MultiDrug Resistance (MDR) were influenced by the cancer cell-fibroblast cross-talk, which was mediated through TGF-β1 release and subsequent activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. As per in vivo conditions, when inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation, MDR was triggered by activation of the MEK/ERK pathway activation and up-regulation in cIAP-1/2 expression. Conclusions Our study opens new research avenues for the development of alternatives to animal-based inhalation studies, impacting the development of anti-NSCLC drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6038-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Movia
- Department of Clinical Medicine/Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, University of Dublin Trinity College, James's Street, D8, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Despina Bazou
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Department of Clinical Medicine/Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, University of Dublin Trinity College, James's Street, D8, Dublin, Ireland.,AMBER Centre, CRANN Institute, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Negrete-Garcia MC, Ramírez-Rodriguez SL, Rangel-Escareño C, Muñoz-Montero S, Kelly-García J, Vázquez-Manríquez ME, Santillán P, Ramírez MM, Ramírez-Martínez G, Ramírez-Venegas A, Ortiz-Quintero B. Deregulated MicroRNAs in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts from Front Tumor Tissues of Lung Adenocarcinoma as Potential Predictors of Tumor Promotion. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 246:107-120. [PMID: 30369556 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.246.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main component of the tumor stroma and promote tumor progression through several mechanisms. Recent evidence indicates that small noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), play key roles in CAF tumor-promoting properties; however, the role of miRNAs in lung cancer-associated fibroblasts remains poorly defined. We characterized the differential miRNA expression profile of fibroblasts isolated from matched tumor front (F-CAFs), inner tumor (In-CAFs), and normal adjacent (NFs) tissues from four lung adenocarcinoma patients (ADs) using microarray analysis. Proliferation and invasion assays of A549 human lung cancer cells in the presence of conditioned medium from F-CAFs, In-CAFs or NFs were performed to assess tumorigenic properties. Ten identified candidate miRNAs in F-CAFs, In-CAFs and NFs from 12 ADs were then validated by RT-PCR. Both F-CAFs and In-CAFs enhanced the proliferation and invasion of A549 cells compared with NFs; moreover, F-CAFs showed a significantly stronger effect than In-CAFs. RT-PCR validation demonstrated three downregulated miRNAs in F-CAFs compared with NFs (miR-145-3p, miR-299-3p, and miR-505-3p), two in F-CAFs compared with In-CAFs (miR-410-3p and miR-485-5p), but no differentially expressed miRNAs between In-CAFs and NFs. Further target-gene prediction and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that deregulated miRNAs in F-CAFs showed significant associations with "pathways in cancer" (miR-145-3p, miR-299-3p and miR-410-3p), "Wnt signaling pathway" (miR-410-3p and miR-505-3p), and "TGF-beta signaling pathway" (miR-410-3p). Importantly, a tumor-promoting growth factor targeted by those miRNAs, VEGFA, was upregulated in F-CAFs compared with NFs, as judged by RT-PCR. In conclusion, deregulated miRNAs in F-CAFs are potentially associated with CAF tumor-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Negrete-Garcia
- Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas".,Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patricio Santillán
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas"
| | - Martha Montaño Ramírez
- Department of Cellular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas"
| | - Gustavo Ramírez-Martínez
- Department of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas"
| | - Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas
- Smoking and COPD Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas"
| | - Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
- Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas"
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13
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Abstract
The expanding spectrum of both established and candidate oncogenic driver mutations identified in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), coupled with the increasing number of clinically available signal transduction pathway inhibitors targeting these driver mutations, offers a tremendous opportunity to enhance patient outcomes. Despite these molecular advances, advanced-stage NSCLC remains largely incurable due to therapeutic resistance. In this Review, we discuss alterations in the targeted oncogene ('on-target' resistance) and in other downstream and parallel pathways ('off-target' resistance) leading to resistance to targeted therapies in NSCLC, and we provide an overview of the current understanding of the bidirectional interactions with the tumour microenvironment that promote therapeutic resistance. We highlight common mechanistic themes underpinning resistance to targeted therapies that are shared by NSCLC subtypes, including those with oncogenic alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1 proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), serine/threonine-protein kinase b-raf (BRAF) and other less established oncoproteins. Finally, we discuss how understanding these themes can inform therapeutic strategies, including combination therapy approaches, and overcome the challenge of tumour heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rotow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 1270, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, Box 0981, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 1270, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, Box 0981, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, Box 2140, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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14
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Wang X, Enomoto A, Asai N, Kato T, Takahashi M. Collective invasion of cancer: Perspectives from pathology and development. Pathol Int 2016; 66:183-92. [PMID: 26897041 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical pathologists have long been aware that in many types of human malignant tumors, the cells are often connected and form groups of various sizes or "nests". In this way, they achieve "collective invasion" into the surrounding stroma, rather than spreading out individually. Such collective behavior is also a common feature of migration during embryonic and postnatal developmental stages, suggesting there are advantages gained by collective cell migration in the organisms. Recent studies have revealed the mechanisms underlying the collective invasion of cancer cells. These mechanisms differ from those observed in the migration of single cells in culture, including reliance on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. Whereas intercellular adhesion appears to be coordinated, cancer cell groups can be heterogenous, including cells that are leaders and those that are followers. There is also interaction with the tumor microenvironment that is a prerequisite for collective invasion of cancer. In this review, we describe recently emerging mechanisms underlying the collective migration of cells, with a particular focus in our studies on the actin-binding protein Girdin/GIV and the transcriptional regulator tripartite motif containing 27. These studies provide new perspectives on the mechanistic analogy between cancer and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoze Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis-Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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15
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Demicheli R, Quiton DFT, Fornili M, Hrushesky WJ. Cancer as a changed tissue's way of life (when to treat, when to watch and when to think). Future Oncol 2016; 12:647-57. [PMID: 26880385 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The profound scientific and commercial success of molecular biology, the progress of 'cancer gene' investigation technologies, together, pushed forward the postulate that genes explain 'everything'. Yet, during the last few years the microenvironments of solid tumors have emerged as key modulators of initiation, progression and metastasis and as essential to the therapeutic response. In the present review, we provide a synthetic examination of the main traits of cells embedded into the cancer stroma and emphasize several evidences that all components of the tumor tissue cooperate in space and time. Then we turn to discuss the epitheliocentric somatic mutational view and other new paradigms assuming that disturbed tissue interactions among cell populations are critical to cancer causation, growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Demicheli
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marco Fornili
- Medical Statistics & Biometry, Università di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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16
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Shi L, Zhang B, Sun X, Zhang X, Lv S, Li H, Wang X, Zhao C, Zhang H, Xie X, Wang Y, Zhang P. CC chemokine ligand 18(CCL18) promotes migration and invasion of lung cancer cells by binding to Nir1 through Nir1-ELMO1/DOC180 signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2051-2062. [PMID: 26756176 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises nearly 80% of lung cancers and the poor prognosis is due to its high invasiveness and metastasis. CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) is predominantly secreted by M2-tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and promotes malignant behaviors of various human cancer types. In this study, we report that the high expression of CCL18 in TAMs of NSCLC tissues and increased expression of CCL18 in TAMs is correlated with the lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis NSCLC patients. CCL18 can increase the invasive ability of NSCLC cells by binding to its receptor Nir1. In addition, CCL18 is capable of modulating cell migration and invasion by regulating the activation of RAC1 which resulted in cytoskeleton reorganization in an ELMO1 dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that CCL18 could enhance adhesion of NSCLC cells via activating ELMO1-integrin β1 signaling. Thus, CCL18 and its downstream molecules may be used as targets to develop novel NSCLC therapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Xiuning Sun
- Department of Microbilology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Lv
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Medicine Research Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Xuejian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Chunzhen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
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17
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Choe C, Shin YS, Kim C, Choi SJ, Lee J, Kim SY, Cho YB, Kim J. Crosstalk with cancer-associated fibroblasts induces resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3665-78. [PMID: 26676152 PMCID: PMC4676617 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s89659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although lung cancers with activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are highly sensitive to selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), these tumors invariably develop acquired drug resistance. Host stromal cells have been found to have a considerable effect on the sensitivity of cancer cells to EGFR TKIs. Little is known, however, about the signaling mechanisms through which stromal cells contribute to the response to EGFR TKI in non-small cell lung cancer. This work examined the role of hedgehog signaling in cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-mediated resistance of lung cancer cells to the EGFR TKI erlotinib. PC9 cells, non-small cell lung cancer cells with EGFR-activating mutations, became resistant to the EGFR TKI erlotinib when cocultured in vitro with CAFs. Polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical assays showed that CAFs induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype in PC9 cells, with an associated change in the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition marker proteins including vimentin. Importantly, CAFs induce upregulation of the 7-transmembrane protein smoothened, the central signal transducer of hedgehog, suggesting that the hedgehog signaling pathway is active in CAF-mediated drug resistance. Indeed, downregulation of smoothened activity with the smoothened antagonist cyclopamine induces remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton independently of Gli-mediated transcriptional activity in PC9 cells. These findings indicate that crosstalk with CAFs plays a critical role in resistance of lung cancer to EGFR TKIs through induction of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and may be an ideal therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungyoul Choe
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Shin
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Choi
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseon Lee
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jhingook Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Shah SH, Miller P, Garcia-Contreras M, Ao Z, Machlin L, Issa E, El-Ashry D. Hierarchical paracrine interaction of breast cancer associated fibroblasts with cancer cells via hMAPK-microRNAs to drive ER-negative breast cancer phenotype. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1671-81. [PMID: 26186233 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1071742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple juxtacrine and paracrine interactions occur between cancer cells and non-cancer cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that direct tumor progression. Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are an integral component of the TME, and the majority of breast tumor stroma is comprised of CAFs. Heterotypic interactions between cancer cells and non-cancer cells of the TME occur via soluble agents, including cytokines, hormones, growth factors, and secreted microRNAs. We previously identified a microRNA signature indicative of hyperactive MAPK signaling (hMAPK-miRNA signature) that significantly associated with reduced recurrence-free and overall survival. Here we report that the hMAPK-miRNA signature associates with a high metric of stromal cell infiltrate, and we investigate the role of microRNAs, particularly hMAPK-microRNAs, secreted by CAFs on estrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast cancer cells. ER-positive MCF-7/ltE2- cells were treated with conditioned media (CM) from CAFs derived from breast cancers of different PAM50 subtypes (CAFBAS, CAFHER2, and CAFLA). CAF CM isolated specifically from ER-negative primary breast tumors led to ER repression in vitro. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of CAF-secreted exosomes in CM and the uptake of these exosomes by the ER+ MCF-7/ltE2- cells. Differentially expressed microRNAs in CAF CM as well as in MCF-7/ltE2- cells treated with this CM were identified. Knockdown of miR-221/222 in CAFBAS resulted in knockdown of miR221/222 levels in the conditioned media and the CM from CAFBAS; miR221/222 knockdown rescued ER repression in ER-positive cell lines treated with CAFBAS-CM. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CAF-secreted microRNAs are directly involved in ER-repression, and may contribute to the MAPK-induced ER repression in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket H Shah
- a Cancer Biology; University of Miami ; Miami , FL USA
| | - Philip Miller
- c Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine ; Miami , FL USA
| | - Marta Garcia-Contreras
- d Diabetes Research Institute; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine ; Miami , FL USA
| | - Zheng Ao
- a Cancer Biology; University of Miami ; Miami , FL USA
| | - Leah Machlin
- c Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine ; Miami , FL USA
| | - Emilio Issa
- e Department of Biology ; University of Miami ; Miami , FL USA
| | - Dorraya El-Ashry
- b Department of Internal Medicine ; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine ; Miami , FL USA.,c Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine ; Miami , FL USA
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19
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Mahale J, Smagurauskaite G, Brown K, Thomas A, Howells LM. The role of stromal fibroblasts in lung carcinogenesis: A target for chemoprevention? Int J Cancer 2015; 138:30-44. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Mahale
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary; Leicester LE2 7LX United Kingdom
| | - Gintare Smagurauskaite
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary; Leicester LE2 7LX United Kingdom
| | - Karen Brown
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary; Leicester LE2 7LX United Kingdom
| | - Anne Thomas
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary; Leicester LE2 7LX United Kingdom
| | - Lynne M. Howells
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary; Leicester LE2 7LX United Kingdom
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20
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Leader cells regulate collective cell migration via Rac activation in the downstream signaling of integrin β1 and PI3K. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7656. [PMID: 25563751 PMCID: PMC5379035 DOI: 10.1038/srep07656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration plays a crucial role in several biological processes, such as embryonic development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. Here, we focused on collectively migrating Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells that follow a leader cell on a collagen gel to clarify the mechanism of collective cell migration. First, we removed a leader cell from the migrating collective with a micromanipulator. This then caused disruption of the cohesive migration of cells that followed in movement, called “follower” cells, which showed the importance of leader cells. Next, we observed localization of active Rac, integrin β1, and PI3K. These molecules were clearly localized in the leading edge of leader cells, but not in follower cells. Live cell imaging using active Rac and active PI3K indicators was performed to elucidate the relationship between Rac, integrin β1, and PI3K. Finally, we demonstrated that the inhibition of these molecules resulted in the disruption of collective migration. Our findings not only demonstrated the significance of a leader cell in collective cell migration, but also showed that Rac, integrin β1, and PI3K are upregulated in leader cells and drive collective cell migration.
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21
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Dean ZS, Riahi R, Wong PK. Spatiotemporal dynamics of microRNA during epithelial collective cell migration. Biomaterials 2014; 37:156-63. [PMID: 25453946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs variably involved in a wide variety of developmental and regenerative programs. Techniques for monitoring the spatiotemporal expression of miRNA in living cells are essential to elucidate the roles of miRNA during these complex regulatory processes. The small size, low abundance, sequence similarity, and degradation susceptibility of miRNAs, however, make their detection challenging. In this study, we detail a double-stranded locked nucleic acid (dsLNA) probe for detecting intracellular miRNAs during epithelial collective migration. The dsLNA probe is capable of detecting the dynamic regulation and dose-dependent modulation of miRNAs. The probe is applied to monitor the spatial distribution of miRNA expression of a migrating epithelium. Our results reveal a gradient of miRNA over the first one hundred microns from the leading edge and show the involvement of miR-21 in the complex regulation of transforming growth factor beta modulated epithelial migration. With its ease of use and capacity for real-time monitoring of miRNAs in living cells, the dsLNA probe carries the potential for studying the function and regulation of miRNA in a wide spectrum of complex biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Dean
- Biomedical Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
| | - Reza Riahi
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Biomedical Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA; BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA.
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22
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Kato T, Enomoto A, Watanabe T, Haga H, Ishida S, Kondo Y, Furukawa K, Urano T, Mii S, Weng L, Ishida-Takagishi M, Asai M, Asai N, Kaibuchi K, Murakumo Y, Takahashi M. TRIM27/MRTF-B-dependent integrin β1 expression defines leading cells in cancer cell collectives. Cell Rep 2014; 7:1156-67. [PMID: 24794433 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For collective invasion, cancer cells form cohesive groups comprised of leading cells (LCs) at the forefront and following cells (FCs) at the rear. However, the molecular mechanisms that define LCs and FCs remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that LCs, but not FCs, upregulated the expression of integrin β1 after the loss of intercellular adhesion. The LC-specific expression of integrin β1 was posttranscriptionally regulated by the TRIM27/MRTF-B complex in response to the loss of intercellular adhesion, thereby regulating the stability and translation of integrin β1 mRNA via microRNA-124 in LCs. Accordingly, depletion of TRIM27 and MRTF-B abrogated the upregulation of integrin β1 in LCs and blocked the invasion of cancer cell groups in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our findings revealed that the specific function of LCs was defined by intrinsic mechanisms related to the presence of the cell's free surface, providing insights into the regulation of intratumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kato
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hisashi Haga
- Transdisciplinary Life Science Course, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10-W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; Research Center for Cooperative Projects, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15-W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Sumire Ishida
- Transdisciplinary Life Science Course, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N10-W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuji Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Maki Ishida-Takagishi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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23
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The role of the tumor-microenvironment in lung cancer-metastasis and its relationship to potential therapeutic targets. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 40:558-66. [PMID: 24176790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for >80% of lung cancer cases and currently has an overall five-year survival rate of only 15%. Patients presenting with advanced stage NSCLC die within 18-months of diagnosis. Metastatic spread accounts for >70% of these deaths. Thus elucidation of the mechanistic basis of NSCLC-metastasis has potential to impact on patient quality of life and survival. Research on NSCLC metastasis has recently expanded to include non-cancer cell components of tumors-the stromal cellular compartment and extra-cellular matrix components comprising the tumor-microenvironment. Metastasis (from initial primary tumor growth through angiogenesis, intravasation, survival in the bloodstream, extravasation and metastatic growth) is an inefficient process and few released cancer cells complete the entire process. Micro-environmental interactions assist each of these steps and discovery of the mechanisms by which tumor cells co-operate with the micro-environment are uncovering key molecules providing either biomarkers or potential drug targets. The major sites of NSCLC metastasis are brain, bone, adrenal gland and the liver. The mechanistic basis of this tissue-tropism is beginning to be elucidated offering the potential to target stromal components of these tissues thus targeting therapy to the tissues affected. This review covers the principal steps involved in tumor metastasis. The role of cell-cell interactions, ECM remodeling and autocrine/paracrine signaling interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding stroma is discussed. The mechanistic basis of lung cancer metastasis to specific organs is also described. The signaling mechanisms outlined have potential to act as future drug targets minimizing lung cancer metastatic spread and morbidity.
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24
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Lee HW, Park YM, Lee SJ, Cho HJ, Kim DH, Lee JI, Kang MS, Seol HJ, Shim YM, Nam DH, Kim HH, Joo KM. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) is required for metastatic potential of human lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5879-89. [PMID: 23995859 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastatic relapse of primary lung cancer leads to therapeutic resistance and unfavorable clinical prognosis; therefore, identification of key molecules associated with metastatic conversion has significant clinical implications. We previously identified a link between early brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma and amplification of the α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) gene. The aim of present study was to investigate the prognostic and functional significance of ACTA2 expression in cancer cells for the metastatic potential of lung adenocarcinomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ACTA2 expression was analyzed in tumor cells from 263 patients with primary lung adenocarcinomas by immunohistochemistry, and was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. The expression of ACTA2 in human lung adenocarcinoma cells was modulated with short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) and siRNAs specifically targeting ACTA2. RESULTS The patients with lung adenocarcinomas with high ACTA2 expression in tumor cells showed significantly enhanced distant metastasis and unfavorable prognosis. ACTA2 downregulation remarkably impaired in vitro migration, invasion, clonogenicity, and transendothelial penetration of lung adenocarcinoma cells without affecting proliferation. Consistent with the in vitro results, depletion of ACTA2 in human lung adenocarcinoma PC14PE6 cells significantly reduced their metastatic potential without altering their tumorigenic potential. Expression of c-MET and FAK in lung adenocarcinoma cells was also reduced by ACTA2-targeting siRNAs and shRNAs, and was accompanied by a loss of mesenchymal characteristics. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that ACTA2 regulates c-MET and FAK expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells, which positively and selectively influence metastatic potential. Therefore, ACTA2 could be a promising prognostic biomarker and/or therapeutic target for metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Lee
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Stem Cell Research Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center; Graduate School, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Genome Research, and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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