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Ding W, Chen WW, Wang YQ, Xu XZ, Wang YB, Yan YM, Tan YL. Immune-related long noncoding RNA zinc finger protein 710-AS1-201 promotes the metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer cells. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:458-474. [PMID: 38425400 PMCID: PMC10900153 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i2.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal system. ZNF710 is a transcription factor (TF), and zinc finger protein 710 (ZNF710)-AS1-201 is an immune-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that is upregulated in GC cells. AIM To assess the correlation between ZNF710-AS1-201 and immune microenvironment features and to investigate the roles of ZNF710-AS1-201 in the invasion and metastasis processes of GC cells. METHODS We obtained data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Wujin Hospital. We assessed cell growth, migration, invasion, and programmed cell death using cell counting kit-8, EdU, scratch, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to identify the potential downstream targets of ZNF710-AS1-201. RESULTS In GC tissues with low ZNF710-AS1-201 expression, immunoassays detected significant infiltration of various antitumor immune cells, such as memory CD8 T cells and activated CD4 T cells. In the low-expression group, the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, gemcitabine, and trametinib were lower, whereas the IC50s of dasatinib and vorinostat were higher. The malignant degree of GC was higher and the stage was later in the high-expression group. Additionally, patients with high expression of ZNF710-AS1-201 had lower overall survival and disease-free survival rates. In vitro, the overexpression of ZNF710-AS1-201 greatly enhanced growth, metastasis, and infiltration while suppressing cell death in HGC-27 cells. In contrast, the reduced expression of ZNF710-AS1-201 greatly hindered cell growth, enhanced apoptosis, and suppressed the metastasis and invasion of MKN-45 cells. The expression changes in ZNF710 were significant, but the corresponding changes in isocitrate dehydrogenase-2, Semaphorin 4B, ARHGAP10, RGMB, hsa-miR-93-5p, and ZNF710-AS1-202 were not consistent or statistically significant after overexpression or knockdown of ZNF710-AS1-201, as determined by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION Immune-related lncRNA ZNF710-AS1-201 facilitates the metastasis and invasion of GC cells. It appears that ZNF710-AS1-201 and ZNF710 have potential as effective targets for therapeutic intervention in GC. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to determine the specific targets of the ZNF710 TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213017, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Qin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue-Zhong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong-Min Yan
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213017, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Lin Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lee HG, Lim GH, An JH, Park SM, Seo KW, Youn HY. In vitro evaluation of the antitumor activity of axitinib in canine mammary gland tumor cell lines. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e1. [PMID: 38311316 PMCID: PMC10839173 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axitinib, a potent and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase 1,2 and 3, is used in chemotherapy because it inhibits tumor angiogenesis by blocking the VEGF/VEGFR pathway. In veterinary medicine, attempts have been made to apply tyrosine kinase inhibitors with anti-angiogenic effects to tumor patients, but there are no studies on axitinib in canine mammary gland tumors (MGTs). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to confirm the antitumor activity of axitinib in canine mammary gland cell lines. METHODS We treated canine MGT cell lines (CIPp and CIPm) with axitinib and conducted CCK, wound healing, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays. Additionally, we evaluated the expression levels of angiogenesis-associated factors, including VEGFs, PDGF-A, FGF-2, and TGF-β1, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we collected canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), activated them with concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then treated them with axitinib to investigate changes in viability. RESULTS When axitinib was administered to CIPp and CIPm, cell viability significantly decreased at 24, 48, and 72 h (p < 0.001), and migration was markedly reduced (6 h, p < 0.05; 12 h, p < 0.005). The apoptosis rate significantly increased (p < 0.01), and the G2/M phase ratio showed a significant increase (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was no significant change in the viability of canine PBMCs treated with LPS and ConA. CONCLUSION In this study, we confirmed the antitumor activity of axitinib against canine MGT cell lines. Accordingly, we suggest that axitinib can be applied as a new treatment for patients with canine MGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Gyu Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Department of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Su-Min Park
- Haemaru Referral Animal Hospital, Seongnam 13590, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Won Seo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Zhang S, Zheng Y, Li X, Zhang S, Hu H, Kuang W. Cellular senescence-related gene signature as a valuable predictor of prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3064-3093. [PMID: 37059592 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal tumor. Its prognosis prediction remains a challenge. Meanwhile, cellular senescence, one of the hallmarks of cancer, and its related prognostic genes signature can provide critical information for clinical decision-making. METHOD Using bulk RNA sequencing and microarray data of HCC samples, we established a senescence score model via multi-machine learning algorithms to predict the prognosis of HCC. Single-cell and pseudo-time trajectory analyses were used to explore the hub genes of the senescence score model in HCC sample differentiation. RESULT A machine learning model based on cellular senescence gene expression profiles was identified in predicting HCC prognosis. The feasibility and accuracy of the senescence score model were confirmed in external validation and comparison with other models. Moreover, we analyzed the immune response, immune checkpoints, and sensitivity to immunotherapy drugs of HCC patients in different prognostic risk groups. Pseudo-time analyses identified four hub genes in HCC progression, including CDCA8, CENPA, SPC25, and TTK, and indicated related cellular senescence. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a prognostic model of HCC by cellular senescence-related gene expression and insight into novel potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiao Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yilu Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Hu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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4
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Fakhri S, Zachariah Moradi S, DeLiberto LK, Bishayee A. Cellular senescence signaling in cancer: A novel therapeutic target to combat human malignancies. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:114989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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High ELK3 expression is associated with the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis and gastric tumorigenesis and enhances infiltration of M2 macrophages. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:2209-2224. [PMID: 33191789 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the expression and effect of ELK3 in gastric cancer, along with its associations with the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis, IC50 of the VEGFR-3 inhibitor axitinib and immune infiltration of M2-polarized macrophages in gastric cancer, and to analyze the possible epigenetic regulation mechanism. Materials & methods: Expression profiles and methylation data from 1645 samples were obtained and examined from multi-institutional public datasets. The associations were assessed by multiple analysis methods. Results: Elevated ELK3 is associated with the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis and tumorigenesis, reduces the effect of axitinib in vitro, enhances immune infiltration of M2 macrophages and affects clinical outcomes. Hypomethylation contributes to the upregulation of ELK3 in gastric cancer. Conclusions: ELK3 is a potential therapeutic target which reduces the effect of axitinib and enhances infiltration of M2-polarized macrophages.
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Monteiro AC, Muenzner JK, Andrade F, Rius FE, Ostalecki C, Geppert CI, Agaimy A, Hartmann A, Fujita A, Schneider-Stock R, Jasiulionis MG. Gene expression and promoter methylation of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors as prognostic markers in melanoma. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1433-1449. [PMID: 31069961 PMCID: PMC6547615 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of melanoma is broadly associated with its metastatic potential. Tumor cell dissemination is strictly dependent on vascularization; therefore, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis play an essential role in metastasis. Hence, a better understanding of the players of tumor vascularization and establishing them as new molecular biomarkers might help to overcome the poor prognosis of melanoma patients. Here, we further characterized a linear murine model of melanoma progression and showed that the aggressiveness of melanoma cells is closely associated with high expression of angiogenic factors, such as Vegfc, Angpt2, and Six1, and that blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway by the inhibitor axitinib abrogates their tumorigenic potential in vitro and in the in vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay. Furthermore, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed that the expression of the angiogenic factor ANGPT2 (P‐value = 0.044) and the lymphangiogenic receptor VEGFR‐3 (P‐value = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors of overall survival in melanoma patients. Enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing‐based methylome profiling revealed for the first time a link between abnormal VEGFC, ANGPT2, and SIX1 gene expression and promoter hypomethylation in melanoma cells. In patients, VEGFC (P‐value = 0.031), ANGPT2 (P‐value < 0.001), and SIX1 (P‐value = 0.009) promoter hypomethylation were independent prognostic factors of shorter overall survival. Hence, our data suggest that these angio‐ and lymphangiogenesis factors are potential biomarkers of melanoma prognosis. Moreover, these findings strongly support the applicability of our melanoma progression model to unravel new biomarkers for this aggressive human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Monteiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Julienne K Muenzner
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Fernando Andrade
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Eichemberger Rius
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Ostalecki
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - André Fujita
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
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Ehrhardt M, Craveiro RB, Velz J, Olschewski M, Casati A, Schönberger S, Pietsch T, Dilloo D. The FDA approved PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 enhances in vitro the anti-neoplastic efficacy of Axitinib against c-myc-amplified high-risk medulloblastoma. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2153-2161. [PMID: 29377550 PMCID: PMC5867109 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant receptor kinase signalling and tumour neovascularization are hallmarks of medulloblastoma development and are both considered valuable therapeutic targets. In addition to VEGFR1/2, expression of PDGFR α/β in particular has been documented as characteristic of metastatic disease correlating with poor prognosis. Therefore, we have been suggested that the clinically approved multi‐kinase angiogenesis inhibitor Axitinib, which specifically targets these kinases, might constitute a promising option for medulloblastoma treatment. Indeed, our results delineate anti‐neoplastic activity of Axitinib in medulloblastoma cell lines modelling the most aggressive c‐myc‐amplified Non‐WNT/Non‐SHH and SHH‐TP53‐mutated tumours. Exposure of medulloblastoma cell lines to Axitinib results in marked inhibition of proliferation and profound induction of cell death. The differential efficacy of Axitinib is in line with target expression of medulloblastoma cells identifying VEGFR 1/2, PDGFR α/β and c‐kit as potential markers for drug application. The high specificity of Axitinib and the consequential low impact on the haematopoietic and immune system render this drug ideal multi‐modal treatment approaches. In this context, we demonstrate that the clinically available PI3K inhibitor GDC‐0941 enhances the anti‐neoplastic efficacy of Axitinib against c‐myc‐amplified medulloblastoma. Our findings provide a rational to further evaluate Axitinib alone and in combination with other therapeutic agents for the treatment of most aggressive medulloblastoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ehrhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rogerio B Craveiro
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Velz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Olschewski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Casati
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Schönberger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Dilloo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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Feng F, Wang B, Sun X, Zhu Y, Tang H, Nan G, Wang L, Wu B, Huhe M, Liu S, Diao T, Hou R, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Metuzumab enhanced chemosensitivity and apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:51-62. [PMID: 28055291 PMCID: PMC5323017 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1276126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapeutics is used as an alternative treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, treatment effect is far from being satisfactory, and therefore identification of new targets is needed. We have previously shown that metuzumab inhibit tumor growth in vivo. The present study was performed to investigate the anti-tumor efficacy of metuzumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP), paclitaxel and cisplatin (TP) or navelbine and cisplatin (NP) regimens in multiple NSCLC cell lines. Our results demonstrate that, in comparison to single agent metuzumab or GP treated cells, metuzumab combined with GP display inhibitory effects on tumor growth. Furthermore, we found that metuzumab elevated the sensitivity of cell lines to gemcitabine, which was identified by MTT assay. Flow cytometric analysis showed that metuzumab combined with gemcitabine (GEM) treatment led to an obvious G1 arrest and an elevated apoptosis in A549, NCI-H460 and NCI-H520 cells. Western blot analysis also demonstrated a significantly reduced level of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and an obviously increase level of Bax and full-length caspase-3 in A549, NCI-H460 and NCI-H520 cells treated with metuzumab/gemcitabine combination in comparison with single agent treated cells. In addition, metuzumab/gemcitabine treated A549, NCI-H460 and NCI-H520 cells also demonstrated a significantly increase in deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) protein level compared with single agent metuzumab or gemcitabine treated cells. Xenograft models also demonstrated that this metuzumab/gemcitabine combination led to upregulation of dCK. Taken together, the mechanisms of metuzumab combined with GP repress tumor growth were that the combined treatment significantly inhibited the tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle in vitro and in vivo and at least partially by induction of dCK expression. Our results suggested that metuzumab could significantly enhance chemosensitivity of human NSCLC cells to gemcitabine. Metuzumab/gemcitabine combination treatment may be a potentially useful therapeutic regimen for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Feng
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Xiuxuan Sun
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- b Pacific Meinuoke Biopharmaceutical Company , Changzhou , P.R. China
| | - Gang Nan
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Muren Huhe
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Tengyue Diao
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Rong Hou
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- a National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
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Morelli MB, Amantini C, Santoni M, Soriani A, Nabissi M, Cardinali C, Santoni A, Santoni G. Axitinib induces DNA damage response leading to senescence, mitotic catastrophe, and increased NK cell recognition in human renal carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36245-59. [PMID: 26474283 PMCID: PMC4742174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) including axitinib have been introduced in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) because of their anti-angiogenic properties. However, no evidence are presently available on a direct cytotoxic anti-tumor activity of axitinib in RCC. Herein we reported by western blot analysis that axitinib treatment induces a DNA damage response (DDR) initially characterized by γ-H2AX phosphorylation and Chk1 kinase activation and at later time points by p21 overexpression in A-498 and Caki-2 RCC cells although with a different potency. Analysis by immunocytochemistry for the presence of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine in cellular DNA and flow cytometry using the redox-sensitive fluorescent dye DCFDA, demonstrated that DDR response is accompanied by the presence of oxidative DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This response leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest and induces a senescent-like phenotype accompanied by enlargement of cells and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, which are abrogated by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) pre-treatment. In addition, axitinib-treated cells undergo to cell death through mitotic catastrophe characterized by micronucleation and abnormal microtubule assembly as assessed by fluorescence microscopy. On the other hand, axitinib, through the DDR induction, is also able to increase the surface NKG2D ligand expression. Accordingly, drug treatment promotes NK cell recognition and degranulation in A-498 RCC cells in a ROS-dependent manner. Collectively, our results indicate that both cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects on RCC cells can contribute to axitinib anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudio Cardinali
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Ge S, Zhang Q, He Q, Zou J, Liu X, Li N, Tian T, Zhu Y, Gao J, Shen L. Famitinib exerted powerful antitumor activity in human gastric cancer cells and xenografts. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1763-1768. [PMID: 27602110 PMCID: PMC4998225 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Famitinib (SHR1020), a novel multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has antitumor activity against several solid tumors via targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, c-Kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β. The present study investigated famitinib's activity against human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured, and cell cycle analysis was performed following famitinib treatment using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol -2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay, flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and western blotting. Subsequently, cluster of differentiation 34 staining was used to evaluate microvessel density. BGC-823-derived xenografts in nude mice were established to assess drug efficacy in vivo. Famitinib inhibited cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and caused cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in gastric cancer cell lines. In BGC-823 xenograft models, famitinib significantly slowed tumor growth in vivo via inhibition of angiogenesis. Compared with other chemotherapeutics such as 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin or paclitaxel alone, famitinib exhibited the greatest tumor suppression effect (>85% inhibition). The present study demonstrated for the first time that famitinib has efficacy against human gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo, which may lay the foundations for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Qiong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jianling Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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