1
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Gong YW, Wang YR, Fan GR, Niu Q, Zhao YL, Wang H, Svatek R, Rodriguez R, Wang ZP. Diagnostic and prognostic role of BTA, NMP22, survivin and cytology in urothelial carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:3192-3205. [PMID: 35116626 PMCID: PMC8798616 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Cytology is a recommended noninvasive urine test for the detection and surveillance of bladder cancer and upper-tract urothelial carcinoma. It is however characterized by poor sensitivity in low-grade tumors. This study aims to determine the diagnostic and prognostic role of BTA, BTA-stat, NMP22, and Survivin. Methods Urine samples were collected from a total of 105 patients (bladder cancer (n=61), upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (n=44), and controls (n=52). The samples were directly assessed using cytology, BTA-stat (Qualitative test), BTA (chemiluminescence test), NMP22 (Qualitative test), and Survivin (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Cancer progression and recurrence were assessed after a median follow-up of 32 months (4–47 months). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results The triple combination of Survivin + BTA + Cytology was the most promising model for discriminating bladder cancer or upper-tract urothelial carcinoma from controls (UTUC group: the area under the curve value 0.97, sensitivity 86%, specificity 96%; BC group: the area under the curve value 0.86 sensitivity 67%, specificity 96%). Univariate survival analysis, showed Cytology (P=0.02; HR=5.35) and Survivin (HR=3.24; P=0.03) to have a significant association with the progression-free survival, while Survivin (HR=4.15; P=0.04) was statistically associated with cancer-specific survival in the bladder cancer group. The multivariable analysis did not show any of these markers as independent prognostic factors. Conclusions These biomarkers showed a higher sensitivity than cytology, but a poorer specificity. All biomarkers exhibited good diagnostic performance in both bladder cancer and upper-tract urothelial carcinoma. Combining Survivin + BTA + Cytology was superior to the use of a single marker or combining other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Gong
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guang-Rui Fan
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Niu
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - You-Li Zhao
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Robert Svatek
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Zhi-Ping Wang
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Zhang YF, Huang Q, Huang HY, Ren HL, Zhou L. Identifying KRT20 as a Potential Key Gene in Lymphatic Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221107710. [PMID: 35815926 PMCID: PMC9340431 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was the
seventh most common cancer worldwide in 2018. Lymphatic metastasis (LM) is
closely related to HNSCC prognosis and recurrence. However, the underlying
mechanism of LM remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the key
genes in the LM of HNSCC. Methods: We used The Cancer Genome Atlas
(TCGA) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LM and non-LM
cases. A random forest model, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting
Genes, Cytoscape, and cytoHubba were used to identify hub genes among DEGs,
including KRT20 (Cytokeratins 20). We analyzed the survival of KRT20 in TCGA,
and we overexpressed KRT20 in HNSCC cell lines to investigate its effects on
migration and invasion. We also correlated the expression of KRT20 in HNSCC
tissue microarrays with survival and clinicopathological features.
Results: We identified 243 DEGs—143 upregulated genes and 100
downregulated genes. Further analysis revealed that KRT20 is a potential key
gene associated with LM and overall survival rates among patients with HNSCC.
Overexpression of KRT20 increased the migration and invasion ability of HNSCC
cell lines Tu686 and FD-LSC-1. Tissue microarray studies demonstrated an
overexpression of KRT20 among N1+ patients (including N1-N3 patients). Survival
analysis results and the clinicopathological features of HNSCC tissue
microarrays were consistent with our analysis of TCGA. Thus, a high KRT20
expression level might suggest an adverse HNSCC prognosis. Our gene set
enrichment analysis showed that KRT20 participates in many metabolic pathways,
including those related to tumorigenesis and cancer development.
Conclusions: We propose that KRT20 may be a key gene in HNSCC
with LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ying Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Lei Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Improvement of the Collection, Maintenance, and Analysis of Neoplastic Cells from Urine Specimens with the Use of CytoMatrix. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4030065. [PMID: 34564311 PMCID: PMC8482097 DOI: 10.3390/mps4030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine cytology is a non-invasive test used in combination with cystoscopy for screening and follow-up of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Although cytology can be used to efficiently identify high-grade UC, it has a lower accuracy for the diagnosis of low-grade UC or patients with presence of atypical urothelial cells (AUC). For these reasons, ancillary tests have been added to urine cytology in order to improve the accuracy. However, the poor abundance of neoplastic cells in most samples and the absence of a "tissue-like" structure remains a major challenge. We used a novel synthetic support called CytoMatrix which has the property of capturing and storing cells and micro-macro aggregates within its three-dimensional structure. The urine specimens were obtained from 12 patients: 6 with suspected urothelial neoplasia (low- and high-grade) and 6 with AUC or non-neoplastic samples. The first step is the urine samples preparation, through several centrifugation passages; the second step consists in absorbing cells on the CytoMatrix, and in the subsequent formalin fixation, standard processing and paraffin embedding to prepare FFPE-CytoMatrix block. In the final step, sections are consecutively cut, stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), and analyzed via UroVysion FISH and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using our simple and reliable protocol, we can improve the quality of urine specimens, allowing a better collection, maintenance, and analysis of cells, with the advantage of using ancillary tests to support cytological diagnosis and the advantage of storing cellular material in a FFPE-CytoMatrix block.
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4
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Sanguedolce F, Russo D, Calò B, Cindolo L, Carrieri G, Cormio L. Diagnostic and prognostic roles of CK20 in the pathology of urothelial lesions. A systematic review. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152413. [PMID: 30987832 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is one of the most common immunohistochemical markers in the routine practice of a pathology lab, as biopsies from the urinary tract encompass a wide spectrum of lesions which may pose issues in their detection and classification. In this review, we aim to outline the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of CK20 in flat urothelial lesions, papillary non-invasive and invasive urothelial carcinoma, molecular subgroups and variant histology, and we briefly discuss its limitations and potential pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Russo
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Beppe Calò
- Urology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luca Cindolo
- Department of Urology, ASL Abruzzo 2, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Urology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Urology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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5
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Mi Y, Zhao Y, Shi F, Zhang M, Wang C, Liu X. Diagnostic accuracy of urine cytokeratin 20 for bladder cancer: A meta‐analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018; 15:e11-e19. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mi
- School of Clinical MedicineJilin University Changchun China
| | - Yinlong Zhao
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSecond Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Fang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and StatisticsSchool of Public Health, Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and StatisticsSchool of Public Health, Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Chunpeng Wang
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsNortheast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and StatisticsSchool of Public Health, Jilin University Changchun China
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6
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Tan WS, Tan WP, Tan MY, Khetrapal P, Dong L, deWinter P, Feber A, Kelly JD. Novel urinary biomarkers for the detection of bladder cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 69:39-52. [PMID: 29902678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer represents an area of considerable research which has been tested in both patients presenting with haematuria and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients requiring surveillance cystoscopy. In this systematic review, we identify and appraise the diagnostic sensitive and specificity of reported novel biomarkers of different 'omic' class and highlight promising biomarkers investigated to date. METHODS A MEDLINE/Pubmed systematic search was performed between January 2013 and July 2017 using the following keywords: (bladder cancer OR transitional cell carcinoma OR urothelial cell carcinoma) AND (detection OR diagnosis) AND urine AND (biomarker OR assay). All studies had a minimum of 20 patients in both bladder cancer and control arms and reported sensitivity and/or specificity and/or receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess risk of bias and applicability of studies. The search protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42016049918). RESULTS Systematic search yielded 115 reports were included for analysis. In single target biomarkers had a sensitivity of 2-94%, specificity of 46-100%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 47-100% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 21-94%. Multi-target biomarkers achieved a sensitivity of 24-100%, specificity of 48-100%, PPV of 42-95% and NPV of 32-100%. 50 studies achieved a sensitivity and specificity of ≥80%. Protein (n = 59) and transcriptomic (n = 21) biomarkers represents the most studied biomarkers. Multi-target biomarker panels had a better diagnostic accuracy compared to single biomarker targets. Urinary cytology with urinary biomarkers improved the diagnostic ability of the biomarker. The sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers were higher for primary diagnosis compared to patients in the surveillance setting. Most studies were case control studies and did not have a predefined threshold to determine a positive test result indicating a possible risk of bias. CONCLUSION This comprehensive systematic review provides an update on urinary biomarkers of different 'omic' class and highlights promising biomarkers. Few biomarkers achieve a high sensitivity and negative predictive value. Such biomarkers will require external validation in a prospective observational setting before adoption in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen Tan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, 3rd Floor Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK; Department of Urology, University College London Hospital at Westmoreland Street, 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London W1G 8PH, UK.
| | - Wei Phin Tan
- Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mae-Yen Tan
- School of Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Pramit Khetrapal
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, 3rd Floor Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK; Department of Urology, University College London Hospital at Westmoreland Street, 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London W1G 8PH, UK
| | - Liqin Dong
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Patricia deWinter
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, 3rd Floor Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Andrew Feber
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - John D Kelly
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, 3rd Floor Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK; Department of Urology, University College London Hospital at Westmoreland Street, 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London W1G 8PH, UK
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7
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Maas M, Walz S, Stühler V, Aufderklamm S, Rausch S, Bedke J, Stenzl A, Todenhöfer T. Molecular markers in disease detection and follow-up of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:443-455. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1469979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Maas
- Department of Urolo`gy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Simon Walz
- Department of Urolo`gy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Stühler
- Department of Urolo`gy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Aufderklamm
- Department of Urolo`gy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urolo`gy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urolo`gy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urolo`gy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Department of Urolo`gy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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8
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Liang Z, Xin R, Yu Y, Wang R, Wang C, Liu X. Diagnostic value of urinary survivin as a biomarker for bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies. World J Urol 2018; 36:1373-1381. [PMID: 29610963 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is a meta-analysis and aims to determine the value of urinary survivin for detecting bladder cancer (BC) on the basis of preceding statistical performance and to compare their diagnostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS Considering that the urinary survivin data were from both RNA and protein levels, the key words "bladder cancer" AND "survivin" and "bladder cancer" AND "survivin RNA" were used; and PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify relevant articles. The methodological quality of each study was assessed by QUADAS-2. Data were analyzed by STATA 12.0 and Meta-disc v.1.4 software package. A random-effects model was used and subgroup analysis was carried out to identify possible sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Nine articles for survivin protein test with 789 patients and 684 controls, and 12 articles for survivin RNA test with 880 patients and 922 controls were identified. The results showed that the pooled sensitivity was 0.79 (95% CI 0.73, 0.84), specificity was 0.87 (95% CI 0.79, 0.92) of the survivin protein test for bladder cancer, and the sensitivity and specificity was 0.84 (95% CI 0.79, 0.88) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.89, 0.97) of the survivin RNA test. The AUC of the two approaches was 0.89 (95% CI 0.86, 0.91) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.92, 0.96), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The survivin protein and survivin RNA both had great potential as biomarkers for BC detection, and survivin RNA showed higher accuracy than survivin protein on BC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liang
- Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Rui Xin
- Department Radiology, The 2nd Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinghui Yu
- Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chunpeng Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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9
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Yang Y, Xu J, Zhang Q. Detection of urinary survivin using a magnetic particles-based chemiluminescence immunoassay for the preliminary diagnosis of bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma combined with LAPTM4B. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7923-7933. [PMID: 29725479 PMCID: PMC5920492 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a simple step magnetic particles (MPs) based chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for the detection of urinary survivin, and to investigate the diagnostic value of urinary survivin and lysosome-associated protein transmembrane-4β (LAPTM4B) in bladder cancer (BC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The MPs-based CLEIA was developed on the basis of a double antibodies sandwich immunoreaction and luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence system. The parameters of the method were optimized and evaluated. Urine samples were obtained from 200 BC patients, 81 RCC patients and 114 healthy individuals, and the MPs-based CLEIA method was employed to detect their urinary survivin. At the same time, the urinary LAPTM4B levels of the BC patients, RCC patients and the healthy controls were measured. The diagnostic efficiency of urinary survivin and LAPTM4B in BC and RCC was evaluated separately and jointly. A one-step MPs-based CLEIA for the detection of urinary survivin with good accuracy and precision was established. The signals were dependent on survivin concentrations in the range, 0 to 200 ng/ml, and the detection limit was 0.949 ng/ml. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were 0.771 in BC and 0.763 in RCC for urinary survivin. Urinary survivin was correlated with the tumor stage (P=0.002), lymph node metastasis (P=0.017), distant metastasis (P=0.005) and tumor size (P=0.02) of BC; however, no association with the clinicopathological parameters in RCC was observed. The AUCs for urinary LAPTM4B were 0.738 in BC and 0.704 in RCC, respectively. The AUCs for them combined were 0.842 in BC and 0.920 in RCC. The MPs-based CLEIA was performed well in the detection of urinary survivin. Urinary survivin and LAPTM4B could serve as potential biomarkers for the preliminary diagnosis of BC and RCC, and in combination they a achieved a greater diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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10
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Kim WT, Kim YH, Jeong P, Seo SP, Kang HW, Kim YJ, Yun SJ, Lee SC, Moon SK, Choi YH, Lee GT, Kim IY, Kim WJ. Urinary cell-free nucleic acid IQGAP3: a new non-invasive diagnostic marker for bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14354-14365. [PMID: 29581849 PMCID: PMC5865675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing interest in developing new non-invasive diagnostic tools for
bladder cancer (BC) that have better sensitivity and specificity than cystoscopy
and cytology. This study examined the value of urinary cell-free nucleic acid (NA)
as a diagnostic marker for BC. Material and methods A total of 81 patients (74 BC and 7 normal controls) were used for a tissue set,
and 212 patients (92 BC and 120 normal controls) were used as a urine set.
Expression of tissue mRNA and urinary cell-free NAs was then examined. Results Four candidate genes were top-ranked in the tissue microarray. Expression levels
of two of these (IQGAP3 and TOP2A) in BC tissue and urine samples from BC patients
were significantly higher than those in samples from the control groups. Binary
logistic regression analysis of cell-free NA levels in urine samples revealed that
IQGAP3 was significantly associated with BC: PicoGreen-adjusted odds ratio (OR),
3.434; confidence interval (CI), 2.999–4.180;
P<0.001; RiboGreen-adjusted OR, 2.242; CI,
1.793–2.840; P<0.001. Further analysis of IQGAP3
urinary cell-free NAs with respect to tumor invasiveness and grade also yielded a
high AUC, suggesting that IQGAP3 can discriminate between BC patients and
non-cancer patients with hematuria. Conclusions Levels of IQGAP3 urinary cell-free NA in BC patients were significantly higher
than those in normal controls or patients with hematuria. High levels of IQGAP3
urinary cell-free NA also reflected high expression in BC tissues. Therefore,
IQGAP3 urinary cell-free NA may be a complementary diagnostic biomarker for
BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.,Section of Urological Oncology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ye Hwan Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Pildu Jeong
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Sung-Pil Seo
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Ho-Won Kang
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Lee
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Yung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Geun Taek Lee
- Section of Urological Oncology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Isaac Yi Kim
- Section of Urological Oncology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
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11
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Urinary transcript quantitation of CK20 and IGF2 for the non-invasive bladder cancer detection. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1757-1769. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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NF-κB suppresses apoptosis and promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation by upregulating survivin expression in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40723. [PMID: 28139689 PMCID: PMC5282527 DOI: 10.1038/srep40723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation is a common phenomenon in cancers, which results in the aberrant expression of NF-κB target genes and leads to malignant transformation, metastatic dissemination, abnormal cell proliferation or resistance to cell death. Survivin is a unique member of the IAP family, a well-known cancer-specific molecule and a molecular marker of poor clinical outcome in several cancer types, including bladder cancer. YM-155, a potent survivin suppressor, has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in preclinical cell lines, xenograft models and phase I/II studies. In the present study, we investigated the function of the NF-κB/survivin pathway in bladder cancer. We found that NF-κB can promote cell cycle progression and reduce apoptosis by upregulating survivin expression, thereby increasing cellular proliferation. We further confirmed the tumorigenic function of the NF-κB/survivin pathway in vivo using a xenograft tumor model of stable NF-κB-overexpressing 5637 cells. Moreover, we found that YM-155 significantly induced apoptosis and decreased cellular proliferation as well as tumor growth in mice. Our results demonstrate the carcinogenic function of the NF-κB/survivin pathway in bladder cancer and the role of YM-155 as a promising agent for the strategic treatment of bladder cancer.
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Vu Van D, Heberling U, Wirth MP, Fuessel S. Validation of the diagnostic utility of urinary midkine for the detection of bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3143-3152. [PMID: 27899974 PMCID: PMC5103912 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As it has been demonstrated previously that midkine (also known as neurite growth-promoting factor 2) protein levels in urine of bladder cancer (BCa) patients are increased compared to healthy controls, the present study validated the diagnostic utility of midkine in an independent patient cohort and compared the observed values with voided urine cytology (VUC), which is the current reference standard for non-invasive diagnosis of BCa. Voided urine samples were prospectively collected from 92 BCa patients and 70 control subjects. Protein levels of midkine were assessed using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and normalized to urinary creatinine. The diagnostic performance of urinary midkine was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves. The best combinations of sensitivities and specificities were determined by Youden's Index. Midkine concentrations were significantly elevated in urine samples from BCa patients compared to controls (P<0.001; Mann-Whitney U Test). The level of midkine was associated with disease progression, with the highest concentrations in urine specimens of patients with pT1 and ≥pT2a, as well as high-grade tumors (P<0.001; Mann-Whitney U test). Sensitivities of urinary midkine and VUC were 69.7 and 87.6%, respectively. The corresponding specificities for midkine and VUC were 77.9 and 87.7%, respectively. The combined use of VUC and midkine improved the sensitivity to 93.3%, but reduced the specificity to 66.2%. Despite its reduced discriminatory power for low-grade and low-stage BCa, urinary midkine can be utilized for the identification of high-grade pT1 and ≥pT2a tumors. This means that midkine may potentially be suitable for the identification of patients with high risk BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Vu Van
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Heberling
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred P Wirth
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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Abdul-Maksoud RS, Shalaby SM, Elsayed WSH, Elkady S. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and cytokeratin 20 expressions and their relation to prognostic variables in bladder cancer. Gene 2016; 591:320-6. [PMID: 27259667 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor grade and stage are currently the most important prognostic variables in bladder cancer but establishing additional criteria is still needed for effective treatment. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) in cancer bladder (CB) and to evaluate their association with the clinicopathological features of the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 80 patients diagnosed as bladder cancer of different stages and grades and 80 patients with nonmalignant urothelial diseases of matched age and sex to the malignant group. The expressions of FGFR1 and CK20 in tissue samples were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The expression levels of FGFR1 and CK20 were increased in the malignant group when compared to the control group (P<0.001 for each). Analysis of their expression showed that levels of FGFR1 and CK20 were significantly higher in invasive tumor stages (pT2-pT4) than in non-invasive stages (pTis, pTa, pT1) (P<0.001). Interestingly, the sensitivity and specificity of combined detection with CK20 and FGFR1 for the differentiation between invasive and non-invasive stages of bladder cancer reached 97.5% and 92.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results determined overexpression of both FGFR1 and CK20 in CB specimens. The alterations in the expression of FGFR1 and CK20 were associated with disease stage and grade. Lastly, combined detection of FGFR1 and CK20 had a high predictive prognostic value in differentiating invasive from non-invasive carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally M Shalaby
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Walid S H Elsayed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Saad Elkady
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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