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Efficacy of Trastuzumab + Cisplatin Combined with Irinotecan on the Quality of Life of Patients with Advanced Her-2 Positive Gastric Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8762647. [PMID: 36065313 PMCID: PMC9440804 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8762647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To observe the effect of trastuzumab and cisplatin combined with irinotecan in the treatment of advanced Her-2 positive gastric cancer and its influence on disease control rate. Methods From January 2018 to January 2021, 120 patients with advanced Her-2 positive gastric cancer admitted to our hospital were selected as the research subjects. According to the treatment plan of the patients, they were divided into a control group and a joint group, with 60 cases in each group; the control group was given trastuzumab + cisplatin, the joint group was treated with irinotecan on this basis, and the clinical effects and disease control rate of the two groups were observed. Results After treatment, there were 4 patients with CR in the joint group and 0 patients with CR in the control group. The ORR and DCR of the joint group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of CA199, CEA, and CA724 after treatment in the two groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the reduction in the joint group after treatment was more evident as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The joint group witnessed better memory function, physical function, behavioral function, emotional function, and communication function than the control group (P < 0.05), and the scores of all dimensions of the two groups of patients after treatment were superior to those before treatment (P < 0.05). The occurrence of side effects was not statistically different between the two groups of patients (P > 0.05). The 1-year survival rate of the control group was 41.67%, the PFS was 6.33 ± 1.02 months, and the OS was 15.51 ± 2.16 months; the 1-year survival rate of the joint group was 43.33%, and the PFS was 8.05 ± 1.07 months, and OS was 16.03 ± 2.44 months; there was no significant difference in the 1-year survival rate between the two groups (P > 0.05), the difference in PFS between the groups was significant (t = 9.013, P < 0.001), and the difference in OS between the groups was not significant (t = 1.236, P=0.219). Conclusion Trastuzumab + cisplatin combined with irinotecan yields a promising result in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. It can effectively regulate the expression level of tumor markers, delay disease progression, and improve the quality of life of patients. Moreover, irinotecan will not bring more toxic side effects.
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Sundar R, Huang KK, Kumar V, Ramnarayanan K, Demircioglu D, Her Z, Ong X, Bin Adam Isa ZF, Xing M, Tan ALK, Tai DWM, Choo SP, Zhai W, Lim JQ, Das Thakur M, Molinero L, Cha E, Fasso M, Niger M, Pietrantonio F, Lee J, Jeyasekharan AD, Qamra A, Patnala R, Fabritius A, De Simone M, Yeong J, Ng CCY, Rha SY, Narita Y, Muro K, Guo YA, Skanderup AJ, So JBY, Yong WP, Chen Q, Göke J, Tan P. Epigenetic promoter alterations in GI tumour immune-editing and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition. Gut 2022; 71:1277-1288. [PMID: 34433583 PMCID: PMC9185816 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epigenomic alterations in cancer interact with the immune microenvironment to dictate tumour evolution and therapeutic response. We aimed to study the regulation of the tumour immune microenvironment through epigenetic alternate promoter use in gastric cancer and to expand our findings to other gastrointestinal tumours. DESIGN Alternate promoter burden (APB) was quantified using a novel bioinformatic algorithm (proActiv) to infer promoter activity from short-read RNA sequencing and samples categorised into APBhigh, APBint and APBlow. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to analyse the intratumour immune microenvironment. A humanised mouse cancer in vivo model was used to explore dynamic temporal interactions between tumour kinetics, alternate promoter usage and the human immune system. Multiple cohorts of gastrointestinal tumours treated with immunotherapy were assessed for correlation between APB and treatment outcomes. RESULTS APBhigh gastric cancer tumours expressed decreased levels of T-cell cytolytic activity and exhibited signatures of immune depletion. Single-cell RNAsequencing analysis confirmed distinct immunological populations and lower T-cell proportions in APBhigh tumours. Functional in vivo studies using 'humanised mice' harbouring an active human immune system revealed distinct temporal relationships between APB and tumour growth, with APBhigh tumours having almost no human T-cell infiltration. Analysis of immunotherapy-treated patients with GI cancer confirmed resistance of APBhigh tumours to immune checkpoint inhibition. APBhigh gastric cancer exhibited significantly poorer progression-free survival compared with APBlow (median 55 days vs 121 days, HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.93, p=0.032). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate an association between alternate promoter use and the tumour microenvironment, leading to immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Sundar
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore .,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| | - Kie-Kyon Huang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Vikrant Kumar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Deniz Demircioglu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Zhisheng Her
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Xuewen Ong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Zul Fazreen Bin Adam Isa
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore,Diagnostic Development Hub (DxD), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Manjie Xing
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore,Diagnostic Development Hub (DxD), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Angie Lay-Keng Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Su Pin Choo
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore,Curie Oncology, Singapore
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jia Qi Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Meghna Das Thakur
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Luciana Molinero
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward Cha
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marcella Fasso
- Department of Development Sciences, Genentech, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Monica Niger
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aditi Qamra
- Statistical Programming and Analytics, Roche Canada, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada,University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Joe Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cedric Chuan Young Ng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Department of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yukiya Narita
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Muro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yu Amanda Guo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Jimmy Bok Yan So
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore,Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Peng Yong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Göke
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore .,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Ebert K, Haffner I, Zwingenberger G, Keller S, Raimúndez E, Geffers R, Wirtz R, Barbaria E, Hollerieth V, Arnold R, Walch A, Hasenauer J, Maier D, Lordick F, Luber B. Combining gene expression analysis of gastric cancer cell lines and tumor specimens to identify biomarkers for anti-HER therapies-the role of HAS2, SHB and HBEGF. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:254. [PMID: 35264144 PMCID: PMC8908634 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The standard treatment for patients with advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer is a combination of the antibody trastuzumab and platin-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. As some patients do not respond to trastuzumab therapy or develop resistance during treatment, the search for alternative treatment options and biomarkers to predict therapy response is the focus of research. We compared the efficacy of trastuzumab and other HER-targeting drugs such as cetuximab and afatinib. We also hypothesized that treatment-dependent regulation of a gene indicates its importance in response and that it can therefore be used as a biomarker for patient stratification. Methods A selection of gastric cancer cell lines (Hs746T, MKN1, MKN7 and NCI-N87) was treated with EGF, cetuximab, trastuzumab or afatinib for a period of 4 or 24 h. The effects of treatment on gene expression were measured by RNA sequencing and the resulting biomarker candidates were tested in an available cohort of gastric cancer patients from the VARIANZ trial or functionally analyzed in vitro. Results After treatment of the cell lines with afatinib, the highest number of regulated genes was observed, followed by cetuximab and trastuzumab. Although trastuzumab showed only relatively small effects on gene expression, BMF, HAS2 and SHB could be identified as candidate biomarkers for response to trastuzumab. Subsequent studies confirmed HAS2 and SHB as potential predictive markers for response to trastuzumab therapy in clinical samples from the VARIANZ trial. AREG, EREG and HBEGF were identified as candidate biomarkers for treatment with afatinib and cetuximab. Functional analysis confirmed that HBEGF is a resistance factor for cetuximab. Conclusion By confirming HAS2, SHB and HBEGF as biomarkers for anti-HER therapies, we provide evidence that the regulation of gene expression after treatment can be used for biomarker discovery. Trial registration. Clinical specimens of the VARIANZ study (NCT02305043) were used to test biomarker candidates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09335-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Ebert
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Ivonne Haffner
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Leipzig Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gwen Zwingenberger
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Simone Keller
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Elba Raimúndez
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ralph Wirtz
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, 50935, Köln, Germany
| | - Elena Barbaria
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Vanessa Hollerieth
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Rouven Arnold
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Leipzig Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birgit Luber
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany.
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Liu X, He Z, Qu Y, Meng Q, Qin L, Hu Y. Circulating Natural Autoantibodies to HER2-Derived Peptides Performed Antitumor Effects on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:693989. [PMID: 34803666 PMCID: PMC8602057 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.693989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural autoantibodies play a crucial role in destruction of malignant tumors due to immune surveillance function. Epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been found to be highly expressed in a variety of epithelial tumors including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study was thus undertaken to investigate the effect of anti-HER2 natural autoantibodies on OSCC. Compared with cancer-adjacent tissues, cancer tissues from OSCC patients exhibited higher HER2 expression especially in those with middle & advanced stage OSCC. Plasma anti-HER2 IgG levels examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed in-house showed differences between control subjects, individuals with oral benign tumor and patients with OSCC. In addition, anti-HER2 IgG-abundant plasma was screened from healthy donors to treat OSCC cells and to prepare for anti-HER2 intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Both anti-HER2 IgG-abundant plasma and anti-HER2 IVIg could significantly inhibit proliferation and invasion of OSCC cells by inducing the apoptosis, and also regulate apoptosis-associated factors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), respectively. Besides, the complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) pathway was likely to contribute to the anti-HER2 IgG mediated inhibition of OSCC cells. After the HER2 gene was knocked down with HER2-specific siRNAs, the inhibitory effects on OSCC cell proliferation and apoptotic induction faded away. In conclusion, human plasma IgG, or IVIg against HER2 may be a promising agent for anti-OSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Liu
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi He
- Department of Transfusion Research, Dongguan Blood Center, Dongguan, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- Laboratory for Nursing Science and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ebert K, Zwingenberger G, Barbaria E, Keller S, Heck C, Arnold R, Hollerieth V, Mattes J, Geffers R, Raimúndez E, Hasenauer J, Luber B. Determining the effects of trastuzumab, cetuximab and afatinib by phosphoprotein, gene expression and phenotypic analysis in gastric cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1039. [PMID: 33115415 PMCID: PMC7594334 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of action for anti-HER-family drugs in gastric cancer cells are incompletely understood. We compared the molecular effects of trastuzumab and the other HER-family targeting drugs cetuximab and afatinib on phosphoprotein and gene expression level to gain insights into the regulated pathways. Moreover, we intended to identify genes involved in phenotypic effects of anti-HER therapies. METHODS A time-resolved analysis of downstream intracellular kinases following EGF, cetuximab, trastuzumab and afatinib treatment was performed by Luminex analysis in the gastric cancer cell lines Hs746T, MKN1, MKN7 and NCI-N87. The changes in gene expression after treatment of the gastric cancer cell lines with EGF, cetuximab, trastuzumab or afatinib for 4 or 24 h were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Significantly enriched pathways and gene ontology terms were identified by functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, effects of trastuzumab and afatinib on cell motility and apoptosis were analyzed by time-lapse microscopy and western blot for cleaved caspase 3. RESULTS The Luminex analysis of kinase activity revealed no effects of trastuzumab, while alterations of AKT1, MAPK3, MEK1 and p70S6K1 activations were observed under cetuximab and afatinib treatment. On gene expression level, cetuximab mainly affected the signaling pathways, whereas afatinib had an effect on both signaling and cell cycle pathways. In contrast, trastuzumab had little effects on gene expression. Afatinib reduced average speed in MKN1 and MKN7 cells and induced apoptosis in NCI-N87 cells. Following treatment with afatinib, a list of 14 genes that might be involved in the decrease of cell motility and a list of 44 genes that might have a potential role in induction of apoptosis was suggested. The importance of one of these genes (HBEGF) as regulator of motility was confirmed by knockdown experiments. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we described the different molecular effects of trastuzumab, cetuximab and afatinib on kinase activity and gene expression. The phenotypic changes following afatinib treatment were reflected by altered biological functions indicated by overrepresentation of gene ontology terms. The importance of identified genes for cell motility was validated in case of HBEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Ebert
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Gwen Zwingenberger
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Elena Barbaria
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Simone Keller
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Corinna Heck
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Rouven Arnold
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Vanessa Hollerieth
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Julian Mattes
- MATTES Medical Imaging GmbH, A-4232, Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Robert Geffers
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elba Raimúndez
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Luber
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany.
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Mechanisms of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Microenvironment in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041055. [PMID: 32340207 PMCID: PMC7225971 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human pathogens, affecting half of the world’s population. Approximately 20% of the infected patients develop gastric ulcers or neoplastic changes in the gastric stroma. An infection also leads to the progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition within gastric tissue, increasing the probability of gastric cancer development. This paper aims to review the role of H. pylori and its virulence factors in epithelial–mesenchymal transition associated with malignant transformation within the gastric stroma. The reviewed factors included: CagA (cytotoxin-associated gene A) along with induction of cancer stem-cell properties and interaction with YAP (Yes-associated protein pathway), tumor necrosis factor α-inducing protein, Lpp20 lipoprotein, Afadin protein, penicillin-binding protein 1A, microRNA-29a-3p, programmed cell death protein 4, lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4β, cancer-associated fibroblasts, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The review summarizes the most recent findings, providing insight into potential molecular targets and new treatment strategies for gastric cancer.
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Li H, Xu CX, Gong RJ, Chi JS, Liu P, Liu XM. How does Helicobacter pylori cause gastric cancer through connexins: An opinion review. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5220-5232. [PMID: 31558869 PMCID: PMC6761244 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i35.5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium with a number of virulence factors, such as cytotoxin-associated gene A, vacuolating cytotoxin A, its pathogenicity island, and lipopolysaccharide, which cause gastrointestinal diseases. Connexins function in gap junctional homeostasis, and their downregulation is closely related to gastric carcinogenesis. Investigations into H. pylori infection and the fine-tuning of connexins in cells or tissues have been reported in previous studies. Therefore, in this review, the potential mechanisms of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer through connexins are summarized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Can-Xia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ren-Jie Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing-Shu Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Li H, Xu CX, Gong RJ, Chi JS, Liu P, Liu XM. How does Helicobacter pyloricause gastric cancer through connexins: An opinion review. World J Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i355220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Park JE, Jin MH, Hur M, Nam AR, Bang JH, Won J, Oh DY, Bang YJ. GC1118, a novel anti-EGFR antibody, has potent KRAS mutation-independent antitumor activity compared with cetuximab in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:932-940. [PMID: 30815759 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGFR overexpression in gastric cancer (GC) has been reported in about 30% of patients. However, the anti-EGFR antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab have failed to improve overall survival of GC patients in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone. GC1118, a novel anti-EGFR antibody with a distinct binding epitope compared with cetuximab or panitumumab, has not been tested in GC. METHODS GC cell lines, SNU-1, SNU-5, SNU-16, SNU-216, SNU-484, SNU-601, SNU-620, SNU-638, SNU-668, SNU-719, AGS, MKN-45, NCI-N87, and KATO-III, were employed to test the effect of cetuximab or GC1118 alone, and combined with the cytotoxic agent cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Cells were also treat with or without high-affinity ligands EGF 20 ng/ml or HB-EGF 100 ng/ml. RESULTS GC1118 exhibited a more potent growth inhibition effect in the majority of cell lines than cetuximab in MTT assay, regardless of the KRAS mutation status of cell lines. Co-treatment of GC1118 and cisplatin or 5-FU inhibited colony formation and migration to a greater extent, even following EGFR ligand stimulation. Ligand-induced p-AKT and p-ERK upregulation were more potently inhibited by combination treatment with GC1118 and chemotherapeutic agents compared with cetuximab plus chemotherapeutic agents. GC1118 also showed more potent anti-tumor effects compared with cetuximab in a mouse xenograft model. CONCLUSION Taken together, GC1118 alone or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents exerted more potent anti-tumor effects than cetuximab in GC cells, regardless of KRAS status. These findings support the further clinical development of GC1118 for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mei Hua Jin
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minkyu Hur
- MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ah-Rong Nam
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Bang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonghwa Won
- MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
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10
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Kolesnikova M, Sen'kova A, Tairova S, Ovchinnikov V, Pospelova T, Zenkova M. Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Cell Sensitivity to Chemotherapy Detected in vitro on Treatment Response and Survival of Leukemia Patients. J Pers Med 2019; 9:jpm9020024. [PMID: 31067780 PMCID: PMC6617197 DOI: 10.3390/jpm9020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge in leukemia treatment. The objective of this study was to identity predictors of MDR to allow for rapid and economical assessment of the efficacy of planned antitumor therapy for leukemia patients. The study included 113 patients with acute and chronic leukemias. Prior to antitumor therapy, we measured the sensitivity of tumor cells of patients to the panel of chemotherapeutic drugs, together with MDR1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression as one of the mechanisms of MDR, and compared these data with the response to therapy. The scales for leukemia patients according to therapy response, drug sensitivity of tumor cells, MDR1 mRNA and P-gp levels, and the presence of unfavorable immunological and cytogenetic markers were introduced for subsequent correlation analysis. We show that the drug resistance of tumor cells of leukemia patients estimated in vitro at diagnosis correlates with a poor response to chemotherapy and is usually combined with aberrant and immature immunological markers, cytogenetic abnormalities, and a high expression of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp. All together, these factors indicate unfavorable prognosis and low survival of leukemia patients. Thus, the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs measured in vitro at diagnosis may have prognostic value for individual types of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kolesnikova
- Department of therapy, hematology and transfusiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra Sen'kova
- Laboratory of nucleic acids biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Sofia Tairova
- Clinical and diagnostic laboratory, City Hematology Center, Polzunova Street 21, 630051 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Viktor Ovchinnikov
- Clinical and diagnostic laboratory, City Hematology Center, Polzunova Street 21, 630051 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Pospelova
- Department of therapy, hematology and transfusiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Marina Zenkova
- Laboratory of nucleic acids biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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11
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Keller S, Zwingenberger G, Ebert K, Hasenauer J, Wasmuth J, Maier D, Haffner I, Schierle K, Weirich G, Luber B. Effects of trastuzumab and afatinib on kinase activity in gastric cancer cell lines. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:441-462. [PMID: 29325228 PMCID: PMC5891041 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of action of the HER2‐targeted antibody trastuzumab is only partially understood, and the direct effects of trastuzumab on the gastric cancer signaling network are unknown. In this study, we compared the molecular effect of trastuzumab and the HER kinase inhibitor afatinib on the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) network and the downstream‐acting intracellular kinases in gastric cancer cell lines. The molecular effects of trastuzumab and afatinib on the phosphorylation of 49 RTKs and 43 intracellular kinase phosphorylation sites were investigated in three gastric cancer cell lines (NCI‐N87, MKN1, and MKN7) using proteome profiling. To evaluate these effects, data were analyzed using mixed models and clustering. Moreover, proliferation assays were performed. Our comprehensive quantitative analysis of kinase activity in gastric cancer cell lines indicates that trastuzumab and afatinib selectively influenced the HER family RTKs. The effects of trastuzumab differed between cell lines, depending on the presence of activated HER2. The effects of trastuzumab monotherapy were not transduced to the intracellular kinase network. Afatinib alone or in combination with trastuzumab influenced HER kinases in all cell lines; that is, the effects of monotherapy and combination therapy were transduced to the intracellular kinase network. These results were confirmed by proliferation analysis. Additionally, the MET‐amplified cell line Hs746T was identified as afatinib nonresponder. The dependence of the effect of trastuzumab on the presence of activated HER2 might explain the clinical nonresponse of some patients who are routinely tested for HER2 expression and gene amplification in the clinic but not for HER2 activation. The consistent effects of afatinib on HER RTKs and downstream kinase activation suggest that afatinib might be an effective candidate in the future treatment of patients with gastric cancer irrespective of the presence of activated HER2. However, MET amplification should be taken into account as potential resistance factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Keller
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Gwen Zwingenberger
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Karolin Ebert
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wasmuth
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | - Katrin Schierle
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gregor Weirich
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Birgit Luber
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Germany
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