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Beylerli O, Shi H, Begliarzade S, Shumadalova A, Ilyasova T, Sufianov A. MiRNAs as new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in brain metastasis. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:678-686. [PMID: 38577014 PMCID: PMC10987301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases represent a formidable challenge in cancer management, impacting a significant number of patients and contributing significantly to cancer-related mortality. Conventional diagnostic methods frequently fall short, underscoring the imperative for non-invasive alternatives. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), present promising avenues for exploration. These ncRNAs exert influence over the prognosis and treatment resistance of brain metastases, offering valuable insights into underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Dysregulated ncRNAs have been identified in brain metastases originating from various primary cancers, unveiling opportunities for intervention and prevention. The analysis of ncRNA expression in bodily fluids, such as serum and cerebrospinal fluid, provides a noninvasive means to differentiate brain metastases from primary tumors. NcRNAs, particularly miRNAs, assume a pivotal role in orchestrating the immune response within the brain microenvironment. MiRNAs exhibit promise in diagnosing brain metastases, effectively distinguishing between normal and cancer cells, and pinpointing the tissue of origin for metastatic brain tumors. The manipulation of miRNAs holds substantial potential in cancer treatment, offering the prospect of reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy. Given the limited treatment options and the formidable threat of brain metastases in cancer patients, non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs, emerge as beacons of hope, serving as both diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Further clinical studies are imperative to validate the specificity and sensitivity of ncRNAs, potentially reshaping approaches to tackle this challenge and elevate treatment outcomes for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozal Beylerli
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Sema Begliarzade
- Department of Oncology, Radiology and Radiotherapy, Tyumen State Medical University, 54 Odesskaya Street, 625023, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Albert Sufianov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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Di Fiore R, Drago-Ferrante R, Suleiman S, Calleja N, Calleja-Agius J. The role of microRNA-9 in ovarian and cervical cancers: An updated overview. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024:108546. [PMID: 39030109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian and cervical cancers are the two most frequent kind of gynaecological cancers (GCs). In spite of advances in prevention, screening and treatment, cervical cancer still leads to an increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ovarian cancer is often detected at a late stage, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of available treatments. Therefore, novel methods are desperately needed to improve the clinical care of GC patients. MicroRNAs, also known as short noncoding RNAs (miRNAs/miRs), are a diverse group of RNAs with a length of 22 nucleotides. These typically cause translational repression and mRNA degradation by interacting with target mRNAs' 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR), together with other regions and gene promoters. Under certain conditions, they are also able to activate translation or regulate transcription. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs are crucial to several biological processes leading to tumorigenesis, including GCs. Recent research has shown that miR-9 affects carcinogenesis. In this review, we will provide an overview of current research on the potential utility of miR-9 in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of ovarian and cervical malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Rosa Drago-Ferrante
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta; BioDNA Laboratories, Malta Life Sciences Park, SGN, 3000, San Gwann, Malta.
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
| | - Neville Calleja
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
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Leone P, Malerba E, Prete M, Solimando AG, Croci GA, Ditonno P, Tucci M, Susca N, Derakhshani A, Dufour A, De Re V, Silvestris N, Racanelli V. Immune escape of multiple myeloma cells results from low miR29b and the ensuing epigenetic silencing of proteasome genes. Biomark Res 2024; 12:43. [PMID: 38654298 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of CD28 on multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells, by binding to CD80 and CD86 on dendritic cells, decreases proteasome subunit expression in the tumor cells and thereby helps them evade being killed by CD8+ T cells. Understanding how CD28 activation leads to proteasome subunit downregulation is needed to design new MM therapies. METHODS This study investigates the molecular pathway downstream of CD28 activation, using an in vitro model consisting of myeloma cell lines stimulated with anti-CD28-coated beads. RESULTS We show that CD28 engagement on U266 and RPMI 8226 cells activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, reduces miR29b expression, increases the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B, a target of miR29b), and decreases immunoproteasome subunit expression. In vitro transfection of U266 and RPMI 8226 cells with a miR29b mimic downregulates the PI3K/AKT pathway and DNMT3B expression, restores proteasome subunit levels, and promotes myeloma cell killing by bone marrow CD8+ T cells from MM patients. Freshly purified bone marrow plasma cells (CD138+) from MM patients have lower miR29b and higher DNMT3B (mRNA and protein) than do cells from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Finally, in MM patients, high DNMT3B levels associate with shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, this study describes a novel molecular pathway in MM. This pathway starts from CD28 expressed on tumor plasma cells and, through the PI3K-miR29b-DNMT3B axis, leads to epigenetic silencing of immunoproteasome subunits, allowing MM plasma cells to elude immunosurveillance. This discovery has implications for the design of innovative miR29b-based therapies for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Leone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Malerba
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-(DiMePRe-J), Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-(DiMePRe-J), Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Alberto Croci
- Division of Pathology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ditonno
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Susca
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Valli De Re
- Bio-Proteomics Facility, Department of Translational Research, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Centre for Medical Sciences, University of Trento and Internal Medicine Division, Santa Chiara Hospital, Provincial Health Care Agency (APSS), Trento, Italy.
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Sun M, Li K, Li X, Wang H, Li L, Zheng G. lncRNA TUG1 regulates Smac/DIABLO expression by competitively inhibiting miR-29b and modulates the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells in age-related cataracts. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2340-2350. [PMID: 37185343 PMCID: PMC10538928 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the early discovered long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), taurine upregulation gene 1 ( TUG1 ) has been widely expressed in a variety of tumors. Moreover, it promotes cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. However, our understanding of its importance in the pathogenesis of cataracts remains limited. This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which lncRNA TUG1 mediates lens epithelial cell apoptosis in age-related cataracts (ARC) by regulating the microRNAs (miR-29b)/second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases axis, and to identify more non-surgical strategies for cataract treatment. METHODS The messenger RNA expression levels of TUG1 , miR-29b, and Smac were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in vivo and in vitro . The expression of the Smac protein was analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry and cell counting kit-8 assays were used to detect the cell apoptosis and proliferation rates, respectively. The targeted regulatory relationship between lncRNA TUG1 , miR-29b, and Smac was verified by viral vector construction, co-transfection, nuclear and cytoplasmic separation, luciferase reporter assays, and RNA immunoprecipitation. RESULTS TUG1 and Smac were expressed at high levels in ARC and HLE-B3 cells treated with 200 μmol/L H 2 O 2 , whereas miR-29b expression was decreased. In vitro cell experiments confirmed that down-regulation of TUG1 could inhibit the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. Mechanistically, Smac expression was negatively regulated by miR-29b. TUG1 competitively inhibited miR-29b expression and caused greater release of Smac. In addition, miR-29b partially reversed the effects of TUG1 on human lens epithelial cell line cells. CONCLUSIONS lncRNA TUG1 increases Smac expression and promotes apoptosis of lens epithelial cells in ARC by competitively inhibiting miR-29b. This mechanism is the cytological basis for ARC formation. Based on these results, the lncRNA TUG1/miR29b/Smac axis may be a new molecular pathway that regulates ARC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Luohe City Central Hospital, Luohe, Henan 462000, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Guangying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
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Cheng L, Huang Y, Yao H, Luo J, Zhang L, Fu R, Lv J, Yang B, Yan L. Wall Shear Stress Reduction Activates Angiotensin II to Facilitate Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Intracranial Aneurysms Through MicroRNA-29/The Growth Factor-Beta Receptor Type II/Smad3 Axis. World Neurosurg 2023; 176:e314-e326. [PMID: 37230243 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tried to broaden our knowledge of the possible role of wall shear stress (WSS) in the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). METHODS Genes implicated in IAs and genes related to WSS were predicted through in silico analysis. Rat models of IAs were established, in which the expression patterns of angiotensin II (Ang II) were characterized, and WSS was assessed. Vascular endothelial cells isolated from rats bearing IAs were treated with microRNA-29 (miR-29) mimic/inhibitor, small interfering RNA-TGF-β receptor type II (TGFBR2)/overexpressed TGFBR2, Ang II, or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Then, the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) was evaluated by flow cytometry. Finally, the volume of IAs and risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage were analyzed in vivo in response to miR-29 gain of function. RESULTS WSS was decreased in the IA bearing arteries, which showed a positive correlation with ACE and Ang II in the vascular tissues of IA rats. Reduced miR-29 and increased ACE, Ang II, and TGFBR2 were detected in the vascular tissues of IA rats. Ang II inhibited miR-29, which targeted TGFBR2. Downregulated TGFBR2 was accompanied by suppression of Smad3 phosphorylation. Through impairing miR-29-dependent inhibition of TGFBR2, Ang II enhanced EndMT. In vivo data confirmed that treatment of miR-29 agomir delayed the formation of IA and decreased the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS The current study provided evidence that WSS reduction could activate Ang II, reduce miR-29 expression, and activate the TGFBR2/Smad3 axis, thus promoting EndMT and accelerating the progression of IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Rui Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Junti Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China.
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Lidong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
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Zeng H, Huang M, Gong X. MicroRNA-124-3p promotes apoptosis and autophagy of glioma cells by down-regulating CREBRF. Neurol Res 2022; 44:1094-1103. [PMID: 35981103 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research was performed to dissect the influence of microRNA (miR)-124-3p on the apoptosis and autophagy of glioma cells and clarify its specific mechanism. METHODS RT-PCR and western blot were utilized to determine miR-124-3p and CREBRF expression in U251 and T98 cells. After loss- and gain-of-function assays in U251 and T98 cells, glioma cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay, western blot, and flow cytometry, respectively. The relationship between miR-124-3p and CREBRF was examined by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The levels of AKT pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot. RESULTS MiR-124-3p was lowly expressed and CREBRF was highly expressed in U251 and T98 cells. Overexpression of miR-124-3p or knockdown of CREBRF enhanced apoptosis and autophagy and diminished proliferation of glioma cells. MiR-124-3p negatively targeted CREBRF. MiR-124-3p up-regulation repressed proliferation and facilitated apoptosis and autophagy of glioma cells by diminishing CREBRF expression and blocking the AKT pathway. CONCLUSION MiR-124-3p accelerates apoptosis and autophagy of glioma cells via CREBRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Mengyi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P.R. China
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DNA Methyltransferases: From Evolution to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168994. [PMID: 36012258 PMCID: PMC9409253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that living beings have used in different environments. The MTases family catalyzes DNA methylation. This process is conserved from archaea to eukaryotes, from fertilization to every stage of development, and from the early stages of cancer to metastasis. The family of DNMTs has been classified into DNMT1, DNMT2, and DNMT3. Each DNMT has been duplicated or deleted, having consequences on DNMT structure and cellular function, resulting in a conserved evolutionary reaction of DNA methylation. DNMTs are conserved in the five kingdoms of life: bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals. The importance of DNMTs in whether methylate or not has a historical adaptation that in mammals has been discovered in complex regulatory mechanisms to develop another padlock to genomic insurance stability. The regulatory mechanisms that control DNMTs expression are involved in a diversity of cell phenotypes and are associated with pathologies transcription deregulation. This work focused on DNA methyltransferases, their biology, functions, and new inhibitory mechanisms reported. We also discuss different approaches to inhibit DNMTs, the use of non-coding RNAs and nucleoside chemical compounds in recent studies, and their importance in biological, clinical, and industry research.
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Gray JS, Wani SA, Campbell MJ. Epigenomic alterations in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:473-492. [PMID: 35383835 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human cell requires ways to specify its transcriptome without altering the essential sequence of DNA; this is achieved through mechanisms which govern the epigenetic state of DNA and epitranscriptomic state of RNA. These alterations can be found as modified histone proteins, cytosine DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and mRNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A). The different aspects of epigenomic and epitranscriptomic modifications require protein complexes to write, read, and erase these chemical alterations. Reflecting these important roles, many of these reader/writer/eraser proteins are either frequently mutated or differentially expressed in cancer. The disruption of epigenetic regulation in the cell can both contribute to cancer initiation and progression, and increase the likelihood of developing resistance to chemotherapies. Development of therapeutics to target proteins involved in epigenomic/epitranscriptomic modifications has been intensive, but further refinement is necessary to achieve ideal treatment outcomes without too many off-target effects for cancer patients. Therefore, further integration of clinical outcomes combined with large-scale genomic analyses is imperative for furthering understanding of epigenomic mechanisms in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie S Gray
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Sajad A Wani
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
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Elliott EK, Hopkins LN, Hensen R, Sutherland HG, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR. Epigenetic Regulation of miR-92a and TET2 and Their Association in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:768913. [PMID: 34899857 PMCID: PMC8661906 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.768913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well known for their ability to regulate the expression of specific target genes through degradation or inhibition of translation of the target mRNA. In various cancers, miRNAs regulate gene expression by altering the epigenetic status of candidate genes that are implicated in various difficult to treat haematological malignancies such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma by acting as either oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes. Cellular and circulating miRNA biomarkers could also be directly utilised as disease markers for diagnosis and monitoring of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); however, the role of DNA methylation in miRNA expression regulation in NHL requires further scientific inquiry. In this study, we investigated the methylation levels of CpGs in CpG islands spanning the promoter regions of the miR-17–92 cluster host gene and the TET2 gene and correlated them with the expression levels of TET2 mRNA and miR-92a-3p and miR-92a-5p mature miRNAs in NHL cell lines, tumour samples, and the whole blood gDNA of an NHL case control cohort. Increased expression of both miR-92a-3p and miR-92a-5p and aberrant expression of TET2 was observed in NHL cell lines and tumour tissues, as well as disparate levels of dysfunctional promoter CGI methylation. Both miR-92a and TET2 may play a concerted role in NHL malignancy and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther K Elliott
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Icon Cancer Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lloyd N Hopkins
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Heidi G Sutherland
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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Hu J, Wang X, Chen F, Ding M, Dong M, Yang W, Yin M, Wu J, Zhang L, Fu X, Sun Z, Li L, Wang X, Li X, Guo S, Zhang D, Lu X, Leng Q, Zhang M, Zhu L, Zhang X, Chen Q. Combination of Decitabine and a Modified Regimen of Cisplatin, Cytarabine and Dexamethasone: A Potential Salvage Regimen for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma After Second-Line Treatment Failure. Front Oncol 2021; 11:687374. [PMID: 34222013 PMCID: PMC8253157 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.687374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The prognosis for patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R-DLBCL) after second-line treatment failure is extremely poor. This study prospectively observed the efficacy and safety of decitabine with a modified cisplatin, cytarabine, and dexamethasone (DHAP) regimen in R/R-DLBCL patients who failed second-line treatment. Methods Twenty-one R/R-DLBCL patients were enrolled and treated with decitabine and a modified DHAP regimen. The primary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR) and safety. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results ORR reached 50% (complete response rate, 35%), five patients (25%) had stable disease (SD) with disease control rate (DCR) of 75%. Subgroup analysis revealed patients over fifty years old had a higher complete response rate compared to younger patients (P = 0.005), and relapsed patients had a better complete response rate than refractory patients (P = 0.031). Median PFS was 7 months (95% confidence interval, 5.1-8.9 months). Median OS was not achieved. One-year OS was 59.0% (95% CI, 35.5%-82.5%), and two-year OS was 51.6% (95% confidence interval, 26.9%-76.3%). The main adverse events (AEs) were grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities such as neutropenia (90%), anemia (50%), and thrombocytopenia (70%). Other main non-hematologic AEs were grade 1/2 nausea/vomiting (40%) and infection (50%). No renal toxicity or treatment-related death occurred. Conclusion Decitabine with a modified DHAP regimen can improve the treatment response and prognosis of R/R-DLBCL patients with good tolerance to AEs, suggesting this regimen has potential as a possible new treatment option for R/R-DLBCL patients after second-line treatment failure. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03579082.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Medical School, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengjie Ding
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanqiu Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meifeng Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenchang Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Dianbao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Lymphoma Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of the People's Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Qing Leng
- Department of Hematology, Anshan Central Hospital, Anshan, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingjiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Gregorova J, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Sevcikova S. Epigenetic Regulation of MicroRNA Clusters and Families during Tumor Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1333. [PMID: 33809566 PMCID: PMC8002357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules regulating gene expression on a post-transcriptional level based on the seed sequence similarity. They are frequently clustered; thus, they are either simultaneously transcribed into a single polycistronic transcript or they may be transcribed independently. Importantly, microRNA families that contain the same seed region and thus target related signaling proteins, may be localized in one or more clusters, which are in a close relationship. MicroRNAs are involved in basic physiological processes, and their deregulation is associated with the origin of various pathologies, including solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. Recently, the interplay between the expression of microRNA clusters and families and epigenetic machinery was described, indicating aberrant DNA methylation or histone modifications as major mechanisms responsible for microRNA deregulation during cancerogenesis. In this review, the most studied microRNA clusters and families affected by hyper- or hypomethylation as well as by histone modifications are presented with the focus on particular mechanisms. Finally, the diagnostic and prognostic potential of microRNA clusters and families is discussed together with technologies currently used for epigenetic-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gregorova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Sabina Sevcikova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Morales-Martinez M, Vega MI. Participation of different miRNAs in the regulation of YY1: Their role in pathogenesis, chemoresistance, and therapeutic implication in hematologic malignancies. YY1 IN THE CONTROL OF THE PATHOGENESIS AND DRUG RESISTANCE OF CANCER 2021:171-198. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821909-6.00010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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13
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Chebly A, Chouery E, Ropio J, Kourie HR, Beylot-Barry M, Merlio JP, Tomb R, Chevret E. Diagnosis and treatment of lymphomas in the era of epigenetics. Blood Rev 2020; 48:100782. [PMID: 33229141 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of cancers characterized by clonal lymphoproliferation. Over the past decades, frequent epigenetic dysregulations have been identified in hematologic malignancies including lymphomas. Many of these impairments occur in genes with established roles and well-known functions in the regulation and maintenance of the epigenome. In hematopoietic cells, these dysfunctions can result in abnormal DNA methylation, erroneous chromatin state and/or altered miRNA expression, affecting many different cellular functions. Nowadays, it is evident that epigenetic dysregulations in lymphoid neoplasms are mainly caused by genetic alterations in genes encoding for enzymes responsible for histone or chromatin modifications. We summarize herein the recent epigenetic modifiers findings in lymphomas. We focus also on the most commonly mutated epigenetic regulators and emphasize on actual epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Chebly
- Bordeaux University, INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eliane Chouery
- Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joana Ropio
- Bordeaux University, INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Porto University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, 4050-313 Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200-135 Porto, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (Ipatimup), Cancer Biology group, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Beirut, Lebanon; Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie Beylot-Barry
- Bordeaux University, INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux University Hospital Center, Dermatology Department, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Merlio
- Bordeaux University, INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux University Hospital Center, Tumor Bank and Tumor Biology Laboratory, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Roland Tomb
- Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Beirut, Lebanon; Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edith Chevret
- Bordeaux University, INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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14
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Dou P, He Y, Yu B, Duan J. Downregulation of microRNA-29b by DNMT3B decelerates chondrocyte apoptosis and the progression of osteoarthritis via PTHLH/CDK4/RUNX2 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:7676-7690. [PMID: 33177241 PMCID: PMC7993672 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The correlation between DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) has been well-established, but its interaction in osteoarthritis (OA) has been barely clarified. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between DNMT3B and miR-29b as well as their implications in OA. Our results revealed that DNMT3B was downregulated while miR-29b was upregulated in OA cartilage tissues relative to normal cartilage tissues. Hypermethylation of specific CpG sites in the miR-29b promoter region induced by DNMT3B contributed to downregulation of miR-29b in OA chondrocytes. Furthermore, luciferase activity determination demonstrated that miR-29b targeted and negatively regulated the parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH). Moreover, the PTHLH upregulation induced by miR-29b methylation led to the enhancement of chondrocyte growth and suppression of their apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation, which was achieved by the upregulation cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) expression. Co-IP suggested that CDK4 induced ubiquitination of RUNX2, which could be enhanced by DNMT3B. In the OA mouse model induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus, overexpression of DNMT3B was observed to downregulate the expression of RUNX2 whereby preventing OA-induced loss of chondrocytes. Hence, the DNMT3B/miR-29b/PTHLH/CDK4/RUNX2 axis was found to be involved in the apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by OA, highlighting a novel mechanism responsible for OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Dou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P.R. China
| | - Juan Duan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P.R. China
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15
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Li J, Zou J, Wan X, Sun C, Peng F, Chu Z, Hu Y. The Role of Noncoding RNAs in B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577890. [PMID: 33194698 PMCID: PMC7645065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, emerging evidence has suggested that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in nearly every aspect of biological processes and play a crucial role in the genesis and progression of numerous tumors, including B-cell lymphoma. The exploration of ncRNA dysregulations and their functions in B-cell lymphoma provides new insights into lymphoma pathogenesis and is essential for indicating future clinical trials and optimizing the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the role of ncRNAs in B-cell lymphoma and discuss their potential in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangbo Chu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Drees EEE, Pegtel DM. Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers in Aggressive B Cell Lymphomas. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:910-923. [PMID: 32660885 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B cell lymphomas are heterogeneous malignancies of hematological origin with vastly different biology and clinical outcomes. Histopathology of tissue biopsies and image-based assessment guide clinical decisions. Given that tissue biopsies cannot be frequently repeated and will not inform on systemic responses to the treatment, more accessible biomarkers, such as circulating miRNAs, are considered. Aberrant miRNA expression in lymphoma tissues and ongoing immune reactions may lead to miRNA alterations in circulation. miRNAs bound to extracellular vesicles (EVs) are of interest because of their role in intercellular communication and organ crosstalk. Herein, we highlight the role of miRNAs and EVs in B cell lymphomagenesis and explain how circulating miRNAs may be turned into robust liquid biopsy tests for aggressive B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther E E Drees
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Michiel Pegtel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Huang Q, Zhang F, Fu H, Shen J. Epigenetic regulation of miR-518a-5p-CCR6 feedback loop promotes both proliferation and invasion in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Epigenetics 2020; 16:28-44. [PMID: 32600091 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1786317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the detailed functions and underlying mechanisms of miR-518a-5p/CCR6 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is needed. In this study, CCR6 expression levels were tested both in DLBCL cell lines and specimens. Through bioinformatics analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation, CCR6's targeted miRNA was obtained. Dual luciferase assay was used to verify their targeted relationship. Futhermore, using qRT-PCR, western blot, CCK8, Transwell assays, flow cytometry, pyrosequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and azacitidine/C646 treatment, the detailed functions and underlying mechanisms of CCR6 and its targeted miRNA in DLBCL were detected. We found that negative correlation existed between CCR6 and miR-518a-5p in DLBCL. Both up-regulated miR-518a-5p and down-regulated CCR6 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Experiment then verified the regulatory relationship between miR-518a-5p and CCR6. JAK2 and STAT6 levels were reduced in DLBCL cells transfected with miR-518a-5p mimic or CCR6 small interfering RNA. Interestingly, we showed for the first time that a hyper-methylated condition existed at the promoter region of miR-518a-5p and azacitidine changed levels of miR-518a-5p in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Finally, we found an enriched histone H3 on lysine 27 acetylation existed in the promoter of CCR6, whose expression could also be changed via C646 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The above results suggest that miR-518a-5p-CCR6 feedback loop plays a critical role in DLBCL development. The overexpression of CCR6 is mainly mediated by epigenetic modification through transcriptional and post-transcriptional activation, which provides new directions for DLBCL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Fu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhen Shen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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18
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García-Guede Á, Vera O, Ibáñez-de-Caceres I. When Oxidative Stress Meets Epigenetics: Implications in Cancer Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060468. [PMID: 32492865 PMCID: PMC7346131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and it can affect any part of the organism. It arises as a consequence of the genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to the uncontrolled growth of the cells. The epigenetic machinery can regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, and it comprises methylation of the DNA, histones modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Alterations of these gene-expression regulatory elements can be produced by an imbalance of the intracellular environment, such as the one derived by oxidative stress, to promote cancer development, progression, and resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments. Here we review the current literature on the effect of oxidative stress in the epigenetic machinery, especially over the largely unknown ncRNAs and its consequences toward cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro García-Guede
- Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, Hospital La PAZ. 28046 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-G.); (I.I.-d.-C.)
- Experimental Therapies and Novel Biomarkers in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital La Paz. IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Vera
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Inmaculada Ibáñez-de-Caceres
- Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, Hospital La PAZ. 28046 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-G.); (I.I.-d.-C.)
- Experimental Therapies and Novel Biomarkers in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital La Paz. IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Ren D, Li F, Gao A, Cao Q, Liu Y, Zhang J. Hypoxia-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes is restricted by ginkgolide B-downregulated microRNA-29. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1067-1076. [PMID: 32295500 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1731651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide B exerts a cardioprotective function against ischemia-caused apoptosis in myocardial infarction. Here we sought out to address a functional mechanism associated with microRNA-29 (miR-29). Rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) were cultured in ginkgolide B-conditioned medium prior to hypoxic induction. To construct miR-29-overexpressed cells, miR-29 mimic was transfected into H9c2 cells. The cells were harvested for assaying survivability and apoptosis by CCK-8 and FITC-Annexin V staining methods. Western blot was applied to identify apoptotic hallmarks and signaling transducers. RT-PCR was carried out for investigating miR-29 expression. Cardiomyocytes were sensitive to hypoxic apoptosis, while ginkgolide B intensified the abilities of cardiomyocytes to resist hypoxia by increasing survivability and repressing apoptosis. Specifically, ginkgolide B repressed Bax and cleaved caspase 3 while enhanced Bcl-2. Ginkgolide B buffered the expression of miR-29 induced by hypoxia. However, ginkgolide B showed a slight role in survivability and apoptosis in the cells overexpressing miR-29. Meanwhile, ginkgolide B triggered the phosphorylation of PI3 K and AKT, as well as induced Sp1, while this beneficial role was abrogated in the cells treated by miR-29 mimic. Our results confirmed that ginkgolide B might have therapeutic significance by repressing hypoxic apoptosis. Ginkgolide B-elicited miR-29 inhibition might be the basis of this beneficial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fang Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - An Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qingwen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yarong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junru Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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20
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Aghaei Zarch SM, Dehghan Tezerjani M, Talebi M, Vahidi Mehrjardi MY. Molecular biomarkers in diabetes mellitus (DM). Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:28. [PMID: 32617267 PMCID: PMC7320976 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing epidemic metabolic syndrome, which affects near 5.6% of the world's population. Almost 12% of health expenditure is dedicated to this disorder. Discovering and developing biomarkers as a practical guideline with high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management of DM is one of the subjects of great interest among DM researchers due to the long-lasting asymptomatic clinical manifestation of DM. In this study, we described a recently identified molecular biomarker involved in DM. Methods: This review study was done at the Diabetes Research Center affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched using the following keywords: "diabetes mellitus", "biomarker", "microRNA", "diagnostic tool" and "clinical manifestation." Results: A total of 107 studies were finally included in this review. After evaluating numerous articles, including original, metaanalysis, and review studies, we focused on molecular biomarkers involved in DM diagnosis and management. Conclusion: Increasing interest in biomarkers associated with DM goes back to its role in decreasing diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. This review focused on major molecular biomarkers such as proteomic and microRNA (miRNAs) as novel and interesting DM biomarkers that can help achieve timely diagnosis of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Dehghan Tezerjani
- Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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21
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Aghaei M, Khodadadian A, Elham KN, Nazari M, Babakhanzadeh E. Major miRNA Involved in Insulin Secretion and Production in Beta-Cells. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:89-97. [PMID: 32210605 PMCID: PMC7071856 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s249011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is implicated as a leading factor in glucose homeostasis and an important theme in diabetes mellitus (DM). Numerous proteins are involved in insulin signaling pathway and their dysregulation contributes to DM. microRNAs (miRNAs) as single-strand molecules have a critical effect on gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Intensive investigation done by DM researchers disclosed that miRNAs have a significant role in insulin secretion by direct targeting numerous proteins engaged in insulin signaling pathway; so, their dysregulation contributes to DM. In this review, we presented some major miRNAs engaged in the insulin production and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Aghaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Karimi-Nazari Elham
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Nazari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Emad Babakhanzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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22
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Fuso A, Raia T, Orticello M, Lucarelli M. The complex interplay between DNA methylation and miRNAs in gene expression regulation. Biochimie 2020; 173:12-16. [PMID: 32061806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The short, non-coding RNAs, also called microRNAs (miRNAs) can bind complementary sequences on cellular mRNAs. The consequence of this binding is generally the degradation of mRNA and the inhibition of its translation. For this reason, miRNAs are included among the epigenetic factors acting as a modulator of gene expression. How miRNAs expression is, in turn, regulated is still the object of active investigation, but DNA methylation, another epigenetic modification, seems to play a central role in this sense. The "one-carbon" metabolism is responsible for the metabolic regulation of trans-methylation reactions and, therefore, DNA methylation. For this reason, to investigate the possible correlations between alterations of the one-carbon metabolism and differential DNA methylation sounds interesting. Moreover, recent evidence indicates that, vice-versa, miRNAs are associated with DNA methylation modulation, in a mutual cross-talk. The present review will discuss the interplay between miRNAs and DNA methylation and its fall-out on gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fuso
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Raia
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Orticello
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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23
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Robaina MC, Mazzoccoli L, Klumb CE. Germinal Centre B Cell Functions and Lymphomagenesis: Circuits Involving MYC and MicroRNAs. Cells 2019; 8:E1365. [PMID: 31683676 PMCID: PMC6912346 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor MYC regulates several biological cellular processes, and its target gene network comprises approximately 15% of all human genes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), that also contribute to MYC regulatory activity. Although miRNAs are emerging as key regulators of immune functions, the specific roles of miRNAs in the regulation/dysregulation of germinal centre B-cells and B-cell lymphomas are still being uncovered. The regulatory network that integrates MYC, target genes and miRNAs is a field of intense study, highlighting potential pathways to be explored in the context of future clinical approaches. METHODS The scientific literature that is indexed in PUBMED was consulted for publications involving MYC and miRNAs with validated bioinformatics analyses or experimental protocols. Additionally, seminal studies on germinal centre B-cell functions and lymphomagenesis were reported. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the interactions between MYC and miRNAs through regulatory loops and circuits involving target genes in germinal centre B-cell lymphomas with MYC alterations. Moreover, we provide an overview of the understanding of the regulatory networks between MYC and miRNAs, highlighting the potential implication of this approach for the comprehension of germinal centre B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis. Therefore, circuits involving MYC, target genes and miRNAs provide novel insight into lymphomagenesis that could be useful for new improved therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cristina Robaina
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Mazzoccoli
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
| | - Claudete Esteves Klumb
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
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Dey S, Kwon JJ, Liu S, Hodge GA, Taleb S, Zimmers TA, Wan J, Kota J. miR-29a Is Repressed by MYC in Pancreatic Cancer and Its Restoration Drives Tumor-Suppressive Effects via Downregulation of LOXL2. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 18:311-323. [PMID: 31662451 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an intractable cancer with a dismal prognosis. miR-29a is commonly downregulated in PDAC; however, mechanisms for its loss and role still remain unclear. Here, we show that in PDAC, repression of miR-29a is directly mediated by MYC via promoter activity. RNA sequencing analysis, integrated with miRNA target prediction, identified global miR-29a downstream targets in PDAC. Target enrichment coupled with gene ontology and survival correlation analyses identified the top five miR-29a-downregulated target genes (LOXL2, MYBL2, CLDN1, HGK, and NRAS) that are known to promote tumorigenic mechanisms. Functional validation confirmed that upregulation of miR-29a is sufficient to ablate translational expression of these five genes in PDAC. We show that the most promising target among the identified genes, LOXL2, is repressed by miR-29a via 3'-untranslated region binding. Pancreatic tissues from a PDAC murine model and patient biopsies showed overall high LOXL2 expression with inverse correlations with miR-29a levels. Collectively, our data delineate an antitumorigenic, regulatory role of miR-29a and a novel MYC-miR-29a-LOXL2 regulatory axis in PDAC pathogenesis, indicating the potential of the molecule in therapeutic opportunities. IMPLICATIONS: This study unravels a novel functional role of miR-29a in PDAC pathogenesis and identifies an MYC-miR-29a-LOXL2 axis in regulation of the disease progression, implicating miR-29a as a potential therapeutic target for PDAC. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/18/2/311/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatovisha Dey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jason J Kwon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gabriel A Hodge
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Solaema Taleb
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Teresa A Zimmers
- The Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,The Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Janaiah Kota
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. .,The Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, IUSM, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Wang K, Yu J, Wang B, Wang H, Shi Z, Li G. miR-29a Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells in Arteriosclerosis Obliterans of the Lower Extremities. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:1219-1232. [PMID: 31614351 DOI: 10.1159/000502649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of human arterial smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), one of the most important components of the arterial wall, to the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) remain elusive. METHODS The expression levels of miR-29a in arterial walls were analyzed via real-time-polymerase chain reaction. An ASO cell model was established to investigate the expression of miR-29a on HASMCs. The interaction between miR-29a and platelet-derived growth factor receptor B (PDGFRB) was detected by luciferase reporter assay, and the alteration of the expression of PDGFRB was determined in platelet-derived growth factor‑BB (PDGF-BB)-stimulated HASMCs transfected with miR-NC, miR-29a mimics, and miR-29a inhibitors. Further, HASMCs cell proliferation was investigated by cell counting kit-8 and EdU assays, and cell migrations were evaluated by Transwell and wound closure assays. RESULTS The expression of miR-29a was remarkably downregulated in the arterial walls of ASO patients compared with normal arterial walls. Furthermore, expression of miR-29a in HASMCs under PDGF-BB stimulation was lower than vehicle control. PDGFRB was identified as a target of miR-29a in HASMCs, and miR-29a inhibited the proliferation and migration in PDGF-BB-induced HASMCs, via regulating the expression of PDGFRB. CONCLUSION This study showed that miR-29a is downregulated in the arterial wall of ASO patients, as well as in the PDGF-BB-stimulated HASMCs. This alteration of miR-29a could upregulate target genes PDGFRB and inhibits the proliferation and migration of HASMCs. These findings discovered new mechanisms of ASO pathogenesis, and the miR-29a/PDGFRB axis could serve as potential therapy target of ASO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Zuolei Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Guangxin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China,
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26
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MicroRNA Networks Modulate Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184497. [PMID: 31514389 PMCID: PMC6769781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalanced regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant factors in cells is known as "oxidative stress (OS)". OS regulates key cellular physiological responses through signal transduction, transcription factors and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Increasing evidence indicates that continued OS can cause chronic inflammation, which in turn contributes to cardiovascular and neurological diseases and cancer development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ncRNAs that produce functional 18-25-nucleotide RNA molecules that play critical roles in the regulation of target gene expression by binding to complementary regions of the mRNA and regulating mRNA degradation or inhibiting translation. Furthermore, miRNAs function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes in cancer. Dysregulated miRNAs reportedly modulate cancer hallmarks such as metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis and tumor growth. Notably, miRNAs are involved in ROS production or ROS-mediated function. Accordingly, investigating the interaction between ROS and miRNAs has become an important endeavor that is expected to aid in the development of effective treatment/prevention strategies for cancer. This review provides a summary of the essential properties and functional roles of known miRNAs associated with OS in cancers.
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27
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Purvis IJ, Avilala J, Guda MR, Venkataraman S, Vibhakar R, Tsung AJ, Velpula KK, Asuthkar S. Role of MYC-miR-29-B7-H3 in Medulloblastoma Growth and Angiogenesis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081158. [PMID: 31382461 PMCID: PMC6723910 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common embryonal neuroepithelial tumor, with poor patient outcomes and secondary complications. In this study, we investigated the role of the B7 family of immune checkpoint homolog 3 (B7-H3) expression in MB angiogenesis. B7-H3, a co-inhibitory immune checkpoint, is highly expressed and is associated with lower overall survival in MYC+ MB's. Evidence for a direct transcriptional role of MYC on the B7-H3 gene promoter was confirmed by MYC inhibition and anti-MYC antibody ChIP analysis. Interestingly, MYC inhibition not only downregulated the B7-H3 protein expression, but also rescued miR-29 expression, thus indicating a triangular regulatory relationship between MYC, miR-29, and B7-H3 in Group 3 MB cells. From RNA seq and IPAD assay, we observed a negative feedback loop between miR-29 and MYC that may control B7-H3 expression levels in MB cells. Our studies show that B7-H3 expression levels play a crucial role in promoting MB angiogenesis which can be inhibited by miR-29 overexpression via miR-29-mediated B7-H3 downregulation. The tumor suppressor role of miR-29 is mediated by the activation of JAK/STAT1 signaling that further plays a role in MYC-B7-H3 downregulation in MB. This study highlights B7-H3 as a viable target in MB angiogenesis, and that the expression of miR-29 can inhibit B7-H3 and sensitize MB cells to treatment with MYC-inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Purvis
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Janardhan Avilala
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Maheedhara R Guda
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew J Tsung
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Kiran K Velpula
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Swapna Asuthkar
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA.
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Van Sinderen M, Griffiths M, Menkhorst E, Niven K, Dimitriadis E. Restoration of microRNA-29c in type I endometrioid cancer reduced endometrial cancer cell growth. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2684-2693. [PMID: 31404303 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer worldwide, and the prognosis of patients with advanced disease remains poor. MicroRNAs (miRs) are dysregulated in endometrial cancer. miRs-29-a, -b and -c expression levels are downregulated in endometrial cancer; however, a specific role for miR-29c and its target genes remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine the functional effect of restoring miR-29c expression in endometrial cancer cell lines and to identify miR-29c targets involved in cancer progression. miR-29c expression in human endometrial tumour grades 1-3 and benign tissue as well as in the endometrial cancer cell lines Ishikawa, HEC1A and AN3CA were analysed using reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The cell lines were transfected with miR-29c mimic, miR-29c inhibitor or scrambled control. xCELLigence real-time cell monitoring analysed proliferation and migration, and flow cytometry was used to analyse apoptosis and cell cycle. The expression of miR-29c target genes in transfected cell lines was analysed using RT-qPCR. miR-29c was downregulated in grade 1-3 endometrial cancer samples compared with benign endometrium. miR-29c was reduced in Ishikawa and AN3CA cells, but not in HEC1A cell lines compared with non-cancerous primary human endometrial epithelial cells. Overexpression of miR-29c variably reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis and reduced the expression levels of miR-29c target genes, including cell division cycle 42, HMG-box transcription factor 1, integrin subunit β 1, MCL1 apoptosis regulator BCL2 family member, MDM2 proto-oncogene, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1, sirtuin 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A, across the three cell lines investigated. Inhibition of miR-29c in HEC1A cells increased proliferation and collagen type IV α 1 chain expression. The re-introduction of miR-29c to endometrial cancer cell lines reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis and reduced miR-29c target gene expression in vitro. The present results suggested that miR-29c may be a potential therapeutic target for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Van Sinderen
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Meaghan Griffiths
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ellen Menkhorst
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Keith Niven
- FlowCore, Technology Research Platforms, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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29
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Alizadeh M, Safarzadeh A, Beyranvand F, Ahmadpour F, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baghbanzadeh A, Baradaran B. The potential role of miR‐29 in health and cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19280-19297. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ali Safarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Fatemeh Beyranvand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadpour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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30
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Li L, Shou H, Wang Q, Liu S. Investigation of the potential theranostic role of KDM5B/miR-29c signaling axis in paclitaxel resistant endometrial carcinoma. Gene 2019; 694:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Zhao Y, Huang W, Kim TM, Jung Y, Menon LG, Xing H, Li H, Carroll RS, Park PJ, Yang HW, Johnson MD. MicroRNA-29a activates a multi-component growth and invasion program in glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:36. [PMID: 30683134 PMCID: PMC6347789 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor characterized by rapid growth, diffuse invasion and therapeutic resistance. We recently used microRNA expression profiles to subclassify glioblastoma into five genetically and clinically distinct subclasses, and showed that microRNAs both define and contribute to the phenotypes of these subclasses. Here we show that miR-29a activates a multi-faceted growth and invasion program that promotes glioblastoma aggressiveness. Methods microRNA expression profiles from 197 glioblastomas were analyzed to identify the candidate miRNAs that are correlated to glioblastoma aggressiveness. The candidate miRNA, miR-29a, was further studied in vitro and in vivo. Results Members of the miR-29 subfamily display increased expression in the two glioblastoma subclasses with the worst prognoses (astrocytic and neural). We observed that miR-29a is among the microRNAs that are most positively-correlated with PTEN copy number in glioblastoma, and that miR-29a promotes glioblastoma growth and invasion in part by targeting PTEN. In PTEN-deficient glioblastoma cells, however, miR-29a nevertheless activates AKT by downregulating the metastasis suppressor, EphB3. In addition, miR-29a robustly promotes invasion in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma cells by repressing translation of the Sox4 transcription factor, and this upregulates the invasion-promoting protein, HIC5. Indeed, we identified Sox4 as the most anti-correlated predicted target of miR-29a in glioblastoma. Importantly, inhibition of endogenous miR-29a decreases glioblastoma growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo, and increased miR-29a expression in glioblastoma specimens correlates with decreased patient survival. Conclusions Taken together, these data identify miR-29a as a master regulator of glioblastoma growth and invasion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1026-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Chemotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.2, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuchae Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lata G Menon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongyan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rona S Carroll
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Albert Sherman Center AS6-1001, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hong Wei Yang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Albert Sherman Center AS6-1001, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mark D Johnson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Albert Sherman Center AS6-1001, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Program in Neuro-Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, UMass Memorial Healthcare, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, S2-855, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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32
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Adams CM, Clark-Garvey S, Porcu P, Eischen CM. Targeting the Bcl-2 Family in B Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2019; 8:636. [PMID: 30671383 PMCID: PMC6331425 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although lymphoma is a very heterogeneous group of biologically complex malignancies, tumor cells across all B cell lymphoma subtypes share a set of underlying traits that promote the development and sustain malignant B cells. One of these traits, the ability to evade apoptosis, is essential for lymphoma development. Alterations in the Bcl-2 family of proteins, the key regulators of apoptosis, is a hallmark of B cell lymphoma. Significant efforts have been made over the last 30 years to advance knowledge of the biology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of targeting Bcl-2 family members. In this review, we will highlight the complexities of the Bcl-2 family, including our recent discovery of overexpression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bcl-w in lymphomas, and describe recent advances in the field that include the development of inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members for the treatment of B cell lymphomas and their performance in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Adams
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sean Clark-Garvey
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs (∼22 nt in length) that are known as potent master regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. miRNAs have been shown to play a critical role in cancer pathogenesis, and the misregulation of miRNAs is a well-known feature of cancer. In recent years, miR-29 has emerged as a critical miRNA in various cancers, and it has been shown to regulate multiple oncogenic processes, including epigenetics, proteostasis, metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. Although miR-29 has been thoroughly documented as a tumor suppressor in the majority of studies, some controversy remains with conflicting reports of miR-29 as an oncogene. In this review, we provide a systematic overview of miR-29's functional role in various mechanisms of cancer and introspection on the contradictory roles of miR-29.
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34
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Di Marco M, Ramassone A, Pagotto S, Anastasiadou E, Veronese A, Visone R. MicroRNAs in Autoimmunity and Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103139. [PMID: 30322050 PMCID: PMC6213554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity and hematological malignancies are often concomitant in patients. A causal bidirectional relationship exists between them. Loss of immunological tolerance with inappropriate activation of the immune system, likely due to environmental and genetic factors, can represent a breeding ground for the appearance of cancer cells and, on the other hand, blood cancers are characterized by imbalanced immune cell subsets that could support the development of the autoimmune clone. Considerable effort has been made for understanding the proteins that have a relevant role in both processes; however, literature advances demonstrate that microRNAs (miRNAs) surface as the epigenetic regulators of those proteins and control networks linked to both autoimmunity and hematological malignancies. Here we review the most up-to-date findings regarding the miRNA-based molecular mechanisms that underpin autoimmunity and hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Di Marco
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Alice Ramassone
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sara Pagotto
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Angelo Veronese
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science (DMSI), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Rosa Visone
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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