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Xu J, Chen D, Wu W, Ji X, Dou X, Gao X, Li J, Zhang X, Huang WE, Xiong D. A metabolic map and artificial intelligence-aided identification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via a single-cell Raman platform. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1635-1646. [PMID: 38454165 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a complex cancer influenced by various factors. This study explores the use of single-cell Raman spectroscopy as a potential diagnostic tool for investigating biomolecular changes associated with NPC carcinogenesis. METHODS Seven NPC cell lines, one immortalised nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line, six nasopharyngeal mucosa tissues and seven NPC tissue samples were analysed by performing confocal Raman spectroscopic measurements and imaging. The single-cell Raman spectral dataset was used to quantify relevant biomolecules and build machine learning classification models. Metabolomic profiles were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS By generating a metabolic map of seven NPC cell lines, we identified an interplay of altered metabolic processes involving nucleic acids, amino acids, lipids and sugars. The results from spatially resolved Raman maps and UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics were consistent, revealing an increase of unsaturated fatty acids in cancer cells, particularly in highly metastatic 5-8F and poorly differentiated CNE2 cells. The classification model achieved a nearly perfect classification when identifying NPC and non-NPC cells with an ROC-AUC of 0.99 and a value of 0.97 when identifying 13 tissue samples. CONCLUSION This study unveils a complex interplay of metabolic network and highlights the potential roles of unsaturated fatty acids in NPC progression and metastasis. This renders further research to provide deeper insights into NPC pathogenesis, identify new metabolic targets and improve the efficacy of targeted therapies in NPC. Artificial intelligence-aided analysis of single-cell Raman spectra has achieved high accuracies in the classification of both cancer cells and patient tissues, paving the way for a simple, less invasive and accurate diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Xu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Dayang Chen
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowen Dou
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojuan Gao
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei E Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX1 3PJ, Oxford, UK.
| | - Dan Xiong
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Huang W, Shang Q, Xiao X, Zhang H, Gu Y, Yang L, Shi G, Yang Y, Hu Y, Yuan Y, Ji A, Chen L. Raman spectroscopy and machine learning for the classification of esophageal squamous carcinoma. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121654. [PMID: 35878494 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a common malignant tumor with a low overall survival rate due to metastasis and recurrence, is critical for effective treatment and improved prognosis. Raman spectroscopy, an advanced detection technology for esophageal cancer, was developed to improve diagnosis sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. This study proposed a novel, effective, and noninvasive Raman spectroscopy technique to differentiate and classify ESCC cell lines. Seven ESCC cell lines and tissues of an ESCC patient with staging of T3N1M0 and T3N2M0 at low and high differentiation levels were investigated through Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectral data analysis was performed with four machine learning algorithms, namely principal components analysis (PCA)- linear discriminant analysis (LDA), PCA-eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB), PCA- support vector machine (SVM), and PCA- (LDA, XGB, SVM)-stacked Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM). Four machine learning algorithms were able to classifiy ESCC cell subtypes from normal esophageal cells. The PCA-XGB model achieved an overall predictive accuracy of 85% for classifying ESCC and adjacent tissues. Moreover, an overall predictive accuracy of 90.3% was achieved in distinguishing low differentiation and high differentiation ESCC tissues with the same stage when PCA-LDA, XGM, and SVM models were combined. This study illustrated the Raman spectral traits of ESCC cell lines and esophageal tissues related to clinical pathological diagnosis. Future studies should investigate the role of Raman spectral features in ESCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qixin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanlu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yimin Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guidong Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yushang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aifang Ji
- Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical University, No. 161 Jiefang East Street, Changzhi 046000, China.
| | - Longqi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Zhang L, Li C, Peng D, Yi X, He S, Liu F, Zheng X, Huang WE, Zhao L, Huang X. Raman spectroscopy and machine learning for the classification of breast cancers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120300. [PMID: 34455388 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major health threat for women. The drug responses associated with different breast cancer subtypes have obvious effects on therapeutic outcomes; therefore, the accurate classification of breast cancer subtypes is critical. Breast cancer subtype classification has recently been examined using various methods, and Raman spectroscopy has emerged as an effective technique that can be used for noninvasive breast cancer analysis. However, the accurate and rapid classification of breast cancer subtypes currently requires a great deal of effort and experience with the processing and analysis of Raman spectra data. Here, we adopted Raman spectroscopy and machine learning techniques to simplify and accelerate the process used to distinguish normal from breast cancer cells and classify breast cancer subtypes. Raman spectra were obtained from cultured breast cancer cell lines, and the data were analyzed by two machine learning algorithms: principal component analysis (PCA)-discriminant function analysis (DFA) and PCA-support vector machine (SVM). The accuracies with which these two algorithms were able to distinguish normal breast cells from breast cancer cells were both greater than 97%, and the accuracies of breast cancer subtype classification for both algorithms were both greater than 92%. Moreover, our results showed evidence to support the use of characteristic Raman spectral features as cancer cell biomarkers, such as the intensity of intrinsic Raman bands, which increased in cancer cells. Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning techniques provides a rapid method for breast cancer analysis able to reveal differences in intracellular compositions and molecular structures among subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Keling Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215163, China
| | - Chengjian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 201908, China; Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Di Peng
- Shanghai D-band Medical Instrument Co., Ltd, Huyi Highway, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Xiaofei Yi
- Shanghai D-band Medical Instrument Co., Ltd, Huyi Highway, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Shuai He
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Keling Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215163, China
| | - Fengxiang Liu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Keling Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215163, China
| | - Xiangtai Zheng
- Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei E Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 201908, China; Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Xia Huang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Keling Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215163, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Image guided navigation has had significant impact in head and neck surgery, and has been most prolific in endonasal surgeries. Although conventional image guidance involves static computed tomography (CT) images attained in the preoperative setting, the continual evolution of surgical navigation technologies is fast expanding to incorporate both real-time data and bioinformation that allows for improved precision in surgical guidance. With the rapid advances in technologies, this article allows for a timely review of the current and developing techniques in surgical navigation for head and neck surgery. RECENT FINDINGS Current advances for cross-sectional-based image-guided surgery include fusion of CT with other imaging modalities (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography) as well as the uptake in intraoperative real-time 'on the table' imaging (e.g., cone-beam CT). These advances, together with the integration of virtual/augmented reality, enable potential enhancements in surgical navigation. In addition to the advances in radiological imaging, the development of optical modalities such as fluorescence and spectroscopy techniques further allows the assimilation of biological data to improve navigation particularly for head and neck surgery. SUMMARY The steady development of radiological and optical imaging techniques shows great promise in changing the paradigm of head and neck surgery.
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