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Zhou W, Wang J, Tian F, Liu P, Li M, Song C, Zhang Y, Yang X, Nie X, Shi Y. High PLK3 levels are linked with less tumor invasion, lower FIGO stage and better prognosis of endometrial cancer. Biomark Med 2024; 18:523-533. [PMID: 39082977 PMCID: PMC11364079 DOI: 10.1080/17520363.2024.2347192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate correlations of tumor PLK3 with clinical features and prognosis of resectable endometrial cancer (EC) patients.Methods: Tumor tissues from 200 EC patients receiving surgical resections and adjacent tissues from 50 of them were collected for PLK3 determination using immunohistochemistry.Results: Tumor PLK3 negatively linked with myometrial invasion ≥50%, lymphovascular invasion, stromal cervical invasion, and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (all p < 0.050). High tumor PLK3 independently related to longer disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.044) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.049). Its prognostic value was also validated by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analyses (area under curve at most timepoints was >0.700).Conclusion: Tumor PLK3 potentially reflects prolonged DFS and OS in EC patients undergoing surgical resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyue Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, 056000, China
| | - Jurong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, 056000, China
| | - Fen Tian
- Department of Gynecology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, 056000, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Gynecology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, 056000, China
| | - Meiyan Li
- Department of Gynecology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, 056000, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Gynecology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, 056000, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, 056000, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Gynecology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, 056000, China
| | - Xiaohuan Nie
- Department of Gynecology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, 056000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Gynecology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, 056000, China
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Han Z, Liu Z, Xu Y, Li X, Miao G, Niu L. Polo-Like Kinase 4 Correlates with Aggressive Tumor Characteristics, Shortened Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma who Undergo Surgical Resection. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2024; 262:253-261. [PMID: 37940564 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2023.j092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) involves in tumor progression via regulating centriole duplication. This study aimed to investigate correlations of PLK4 with tumor characteristics and survival in cutaneous melanoma patients undergoing surgical resection. Tumor specimens of 43 patients were retrieved for PLK4 determination by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The IHC score was a multiplication of staining intensity and percentage of staining-positive cells. This study found the median and mean tumor PLK4 IHC score was 0.0 (interquartile range: 0.0-6.0) and 3.5 ± 3.2 (mean ± SD), respectively. Elevated tumor PLK4 IHC score correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.028), higher tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.004), and adjuvant therapy (P =0.029). Tumor PLK4 IHC score > 0 did not relate to disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) (both P > 0.050). Tumor PLK4 IHC score > 3 associated with decreased DFS (P = 0.027), but not OS (P = 0.098). Five-year DFS rate of patients with tumor PLK4 IHC score = 0 and > 0 was 75.0% and 53.9%, correspondingly; while the rate of patients with the score ≤ 3 and > 3 was 81.0% and 37.5%, respectively. Five-year OS rate of patients with the score = 0 and > 0 was 100.0% and 66.3%, accordingly; whereas the rate of patients with the score ≤ 3 and > 3 was 85.7% and 61.5%, correspondingly. According to forward-step multivariate analysis, neither the score > 0 nor > 3 independently related to worse DFS and OS (all P > 0.050). Further validation via THE HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS database showed high PLK4 RNA expression associated with shortened OS in melanoma patients (P = 0.001). PLK4 correlates with lymph node metastasis, increased TNM stage, and poor DFS in cutaneous melanoma patients undergoing surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University
| | | | - Zhao Han
- Dermatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University
| | - Zhao Liu
- Dermatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Dermatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Dermatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University
| | - Guoying Miao
- Dermatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University
| | - Liang Niu
- Dermatology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University
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3
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Zhao Q, Wang M, Chen M. Tumor polo-like kinase 4 protein expression reflects lymphovascular invasion, higher Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and shortened survival in endometrial cancer patients who undergo surgical resection. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:101. [PMID: 38326803 PMCID: PMC10851612 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-02911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) serves as a marker for tumor features and poor outcomes in cancers. This study aimed to explore the associations of tumor PLK4 protein expression with tumor characteristics and survival in endometrial cancer (EC) patients who underwent surgical resection. METHODS This study included 142 EC patients who underwent surgical resection. Tumor tissue samples were obtained for tumor PLK4 protein expression detection via immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Among EC patients, 26.1% had a PLK4 IHC score of 0, 24.6% had a score of 1-3, 27.5% had a score of 4-6, and 21.8% had a score of 7-12. Tumor PLK4 protein expression positively associated with lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.008) and Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P = 0.005). Disease-free survival (DFS) was not different between patients with tumor PLK4 IHC scores > 0 and ≤ 0 (P = 0.154) but was reduced in patients with scores > 3 vs. ≤ 3 (P = 0.009) and > 6 vs. ≤ 6 (P < 0.001). Similarly, overall survival (OS) was not different between patients with scores > 0 and ≤ 0 (P = 0.322) but was shorter in patients with scores > 3 vs. ≤ 3 (P = 0.011) and > 6 vs. ≤ 6 (P = 0.006). After adjustment, a tumor PLK4 IHC score > 6 (vs. ≤ 6) (hazard ratio (HR): 3.156, P = 0.008) or > 3 (vs. ≤ 3) (HR: 3.918, P = 0.026) was independently associated with shortened DFS and OS. CONCLUSION A tumor PLK4 IHC score > 6 or > 3 associates with shortened DFS and OS in EC patients who undergo surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyan Zhao
- Department of Radiation, Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy & Artificial Intelligence, Taizhou, 317502, China
| | - Minli Wang
- Department of Radiation, Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy & Artificial Intelligence, Taizhou, 317502, China
| | - Mingcong Chen
- Department of Radiation, Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy & Artificial Intelligence, Taizhou, 317502, China.
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Su S, Ndiaye MA, Guzmán-Pérez G, Baus RM, Huang W, Patankar MS, Ahmad N. Potential Tumor Suppressor Role of Polo-like Kinase 5 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5457. [PMID: 38001717 PMCID: PMC10669931 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The polo-like kinase (PLK) family of serine/threonine kinases contains five members (PLK1-5). Most PLKs are involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage response. However, PLK5 is different as it lacks a functional kinase domain and is not involved in cell cycle control. PLK5 remains the least-studied family member, and its role in oncogenesis remains enigmatic. Here, we identified tissues with high PLK5 expression by leveraging the Protein Atlas and GTEx databases with relevant literature and selected ovarian, lung, testis, endometrium, cervix, and fallopian tube tissues as candidates for further investigation. Subsequently, we performed immunohistochemical staining for PLK5 on multiple tissue microarrays followed by Vectra scanning and quantitative inForm analysis. This revealed consistently downregulated PLK5 expression in these cancers compared to normal tissues. To validate and extend our findings, we performed pan-cancer analysis of PLK5 expression using public RNAseq databases (TCGA and GTEx). We found PLK5 is downregulated in 18 cancer types, including our selected candidates. Interestingly, we also observed PLK5 expression remains consistently low in later stages of cancer, suggesting PLK5 may have a greater role in tumor initiation than cancer progression. Overall, our study demonstrates PLK5 downregulation in multiple cancers, highlighting its role as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqin Su
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (G.G.-P.)
| | - Mary Ann Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (G.G.-P.)
| | - Glorimar Guzmán-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (G.G.-P.)
| | - Rebecca Michael Baus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (R.M.B.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (R.M.B.)
| | - Manish Suresh Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (G.G.-P.)
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Kim Y, Hwang JY, Kim DK, Na K, Lee S, Baek S, Kang SS, Yang SM, Kim MH, Han H, Lee CY, Han YJ, Hong MH, Lee JB, Lim SM, Cho BC, Park Y, Pyo KH. Polo-like Kinase 4: A Multifaceted Marker Linking Tumor Aggressiveness and Unfavorable Prognosis, and Insights into Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4663. [PMID: 37760631 PMCID: PMC10526937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study investigated whether polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a suitable therapeutic target or biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). (2) Methods: We acquired LUAD data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database through the UCSC Xena data portal. Gene expression, clinical, survival, and mutation data from multiple samples were analyzed. Gene enrichment analysis, unsupervised clustering of PLK4-related pathways, and differential gene expression analyses were performed. Additionally, correlations, t-tests, survival analyses, and statistical analyses were performed. (3) Results: PLK4 expression was higher in LUAD tissues than in normal tissues and was associated with poor prognosis for both overall and progression-free survival in LUAD. PLK4 was highly correlated with cell-proliferation-related pathways using Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms. PLK4 expression and pathways that were highly correlated with PLK4 expression levels were upregulated in patients with LUAD with the TP53 mutation. (4) Conclusions: PLK4 expression affects the survival of patients with LUAD and is a potential therapeutic target for LUAD with TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngtaek Kim
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Joon Yeon Hwang
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Dong Kwon Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institutse, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (D.K.K.); (S.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmin Na
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Seul Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institutse, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (D.K.K.); (S.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Baek
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Seong-san Kang
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi 39418, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Min Yang
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Mi Hyun Kim
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Heekyung Han
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Chai Young Lee
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Yu Jin Han
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (M.H.H.); (J.B.L.); (S.M.L.); (B.C.C.)
| | - Jii Bum Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (M.H.H.); (J.B.L.); (S.M.L.); (B.C.C.)
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (M.H.H.); (J.B.L.); (S.M.L.); (B.C.C.)
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (M.H.H.); (J.B.L.); (S.M.L.); (B.C.C.)
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoon Park
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institutse, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (D.K.K.); (S.L.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (M.H.H.); (J.B.L.); (S.M.L.); (B.C.C.)
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Wallbillich NJ, Lu H. Role of c-Myc in lung cancer: Progress, challenges, and prospects. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2023; 1:129-138. [PMID: 37920609 PMCID: PMC10621893 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the recent advances in cancer therapies, the 5-year survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients hovers around 20%. Inherent and acquired resistance to therapies (including radiation, chemotherapies, targeted drugs, and combination therapies) has become a significant obstacle in the successful treatment of NSCLC. c-Myc, one of the critical oncoproteins, has been shown to be heavily associated with the malignant cancer phenotype, including rapid proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance across multiple cancer types. The c-Myc proto-oncogene is amplified in small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) and overexpressed in over 50% of NSCLCs. c-Myc is known to actively regulate the transcription of cancer stemness genes that are recognized as major contributors to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance; thus, targeting c-Myc either directly or indirectly in mitigation of the cancer stemness phenotype becomes a promising approach for development of a new strategy against drug resistant lung cancers. This review will summarize what is currently known about the mechanisms underlying c-Myc regulation of cancer stemness and its involvement in drug resistance and offer an overview on the current progress and future prospects in therapeutically targeting c-Myc in both SCLC and NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Wallbillich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Wang K, Shen S, Dong L, Fang Q, Hou X, Shi X. Polo-like kinase (PLK) 5, a new member of the PLK family, serves as a biomarker to indicate anabatic tumor burden and poor prognosis for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Front Surg 2023; 9:964044. [PMID: 36684318 PMCID: PMC9856523 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.964044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A review argues that polo-like kinase 5 (PLK5) may be linked to unfavorable prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, which contradicts the discoveries from The Human Protein Atlas database (derived from TCGA analysis). This study intended to comprehensively confirm the association of PLK5 with clinical characteristics and prognosis in NSCLC patients. Methods This two-center, retrospective, cohort study enrolled 210 NSCLC patients receiving surgical resection. PLK5 protein and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR in tumor and nontumor tissues. Moreover, RNA FPKM data for 994 lung cancer patients were obtained from The Human Protein Atlas database. Results PLK5 protein was decreased in tumor tissue compared to nontumor tissue (P < 0.001). Additionally, decreased PLK5 protein was linked with increased pathological grade (P = 0.002), lymph node metastasis presence (P = 0.001), elevated tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.003), and abnormal cancer antigen 125 (CA125) (P = 0.002). Meanwhile, low PLK5 protein was correlated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.007) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.038); further multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that low PLK5 protein independently predicted unfavorable DFS (hazard ratio = 0.573, P = 0.022). PLK5 mRNA was reduced in tumor tissue compared with nontumor tissue (P < 0.001); its decline was linked with enhanced pathological grade (P = 0.034), climbed TNM stage (P = 0.032), and abnormal CA125 (P = 0.002). Furthermore, low PLK5 mRNA was correlated with unfavorable DFS (P = 0.046). The Human Protein Atlas database also disclosed the link between low PLK5 mRNA and worse OS (P = 0.046). Conclusion A PLK5 decrement reflects anabatic tumor burden and poor prognosis in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichao Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Shaohui Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Longnan Hospital, Daqing, China,Correspondence: Shaohui Shen
| | - Liyuan Dong
- Department of Gynecology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Qinmo Fang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Xinlei Hou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
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8
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Jiawei W, Xiajun B, Tian S, Xuzheng G, Zhenwang Z. Comprehensive analysis of PLKs expression and prognosis in breast cancer. Cancer Genet 2022; 268-269:83-92. [PMID: 36206661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A thorough examination of PLKs in breast cancer, including their expression and prognosis. METHODS With the help of the Oncomine database, the transcript levels of PLKs in breast cancer were examined. The changes in PLKs expression with tumor stage and indeed the relationship between PLKs expression and stage of cancer in women with breast cancer were scrutinized by using the GEPIA database. Based on Kaplan-Meier plots, breast cancer patients were assessed for their prognosis. Breast cancer gene expression and mutations were analyzed within the cBioPortal database. RESULTS According to Oncomine data, PLK1 and PLK4 mRNA expression levels were dramatically elevated in breast cancer patients while PLK2 and PLK5P levels were significantly downregulated. PLK1 and PLK4 expression were discovered to be greater in breast cancer tissues than in healthy tissues following analysis of the GEPIA database (P < 0.05). High levels of PLK1 and PLK4 transcripts have been linked to poor relapse-free survival rates across all patients with breast cancer according to the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. The high levels of PLK2, PLK3, and PLK5 were associated with a higher recurrence-free survival rate. In the cBioPortal database, PLK was altered in 9.6% of breast cancer samples. Genetic alterations occurred in 15.07% of clinically counted invasive breast cancers, with mutations in 4.11%, gene amplifications in 9.59%, and gene deletion mutations in 1.37%. Additionally, the KEGG database demonstrates that PLKs are crucial for the cell cycle. The findings imply that elevated PLK1 and PLK4 expression in tissues of breast cancer might contribute significantly to the carcinogenesis of breast cancer. Moreover, PLK1 and PLK4 are highly expressed in breast cancer, and their use as molecular markers to identify high-risk subsets from patients with breast cancer is potentially possible. CONCLUSIONS For the precise therapy of breast cancers, PLK1 and PLK4 are potential targets, while PLK2, PLK3, and PLK5 are brand-new biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jiawei
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, Hubei, China; HuBei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical College, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Bao Xiajun
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, Hubei, China; HuBei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical College, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Sun Tian
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, Hubei, China; HuBei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical College, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Gao Xuzheng
- HuBei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical College, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Zhang Zhenwang
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, Hubei, China; HuBei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical College, Xianning 437000, China.
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Kong Y, Allison DB, Zhang Q, He D, Li Y, Mao F, Li C, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang C, Brainson CF, Liu X. The kinase PLK1 promotes the development of <i>Kras</i>/<i>Tp53</i>-mutant lung adenocarcinoma through transcriptional activation of the receptor RET. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabj4009. [PMID: 36194647 PMCID: PMC9737055 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abj4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increased abundance of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is observed in various tumor types, particularly in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Here, we found that PLK1 accelerated the progression of LUAD through a mechanism that was independent of its role in mediating mitotic cell division. Analysis of human tumor databases revealed that increased PLK1 abundance in LUAD correlated with mutations in KRAS and p53, with tumor stage, and with reduced survival in patients. In a mouse model of KRAS<sup>G12D</sup>-driven, p53-deficient LUAD, PLK1 overexpression increased tumor burden, decreased tumor cell differentiation, and reduced animal survival. PLK1 overexpression in cultured cells and mice indirectly increased the expression of the gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase RET by phosphorylating the transcription factor TTF-1. Signaling by RET and mutant KRAS in these tumors converged to activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of the MAPK pathway kinase MEK combined with inhibition of either RET or PLK1 markedly suppressed tumor growth. Our findings show that PLK1 can amplify MAPK signaling and reveal a potential target for stemming progression in lung cancers with high PLK1 abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Kong
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Derek B. Allison
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Qiongsi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Daheng He
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Yuntong Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Fengyi Mao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Chaohao Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Yanquan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Christine F. Brainson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Corresponding author.
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10
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Zhang J, Li X, Cheng W, Li Y, Shi T, Jiang Y, Wang T, Wang H, Ren D, Zhang R, Zheng Y, Tang J. Chronic carbon black nanoparticles exposure increases lung cancer risk by affecting the cell cycle via circulatory inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119293. [PMID: 35421554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a widely used pure elemental carbon in colloidal particles, carbon black was listed as a group 2B carcinogen by IARC in 2010. The most available mechanism information about carbon black and carcinogenesis are from in vivo or in vitro studies. However, few studies concerned the nanoparticle's real-ambient exposure causing systemic change and further affecting the target organ. Herein, we used an ex vivo biosensor assay to investigate the transcriptome change of primary bronchial epithelial cells after treatment with the plasma from workers with long-term occupational carbon black exposure history. Based on ex vivo biosensor assay and transcriptome sequencing, we found the effect of internal systemic environment on epithelial cells after carbon black exposure was an inflammatory response, which mainly activates cell cycle-related pathways. After exposure to carbon black, the internal systemic environment could activate cancer-related pathways like epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, TNF-α signaling via NF-κB. The hub genes in the carbon black group (CDC20 and PLK1) and their correlation with the systemic environment were uncovered by constructing the protein-protein interaction network. Inflammatory cytokines, especially CRP, were strongly correlated with the expression of CDC20 and PLK1. Besides, we also find a strong correlation between CDC20 and cytokinesis-block micronucleus endpoints in peripheral blood (rho = 0.591, P < 0.001). Our results show that long-term carbon black exposure might activate cell cycle-related pathways through circulating inflammation and increase the risk of cancer, while the oxidative stress caused by diesel exhaust particles are mainly related to PAHs exposure. After exposure to carbon black, the systemic environment could activate cancer-related pathways like diesel exhaust particles, increasing the risk of lung cancer. These attempts might provide a further understanding of the indirect effect of chronic occupational inhaled carbon black exposure on pulmonary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenting Cheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yanting Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Teng Shi
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Dunqiang Ren
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical Univeristy, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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11
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Zhang C, Ni C, Lu H. Polo-Like Kinase 2: From Principle to Practice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:956225. [PMID: 35898867 PMCID: PMC9309260 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.956225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase (PLK) 2 is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that shares the n-terminal kinase catalytic domain and the C-terminal Polo Box Domain (PBD) with other members of the PLKs family. In the last two decades, mounting studies have focused on this and tried to clarify its role in many aspects. PLK2 is essential for mitotic centriole replication and meiotic chromatin pairing, synapsis, and crossing-over in the cell cycle; Loss of PLK2 function results in cell cycle disorders and developmental retardation. PLK2 is also involved in regulating cell differentiation and maintaining neural homeostasis. In the process of various stimuli-induced stress, including oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum, PLK2 may promote survival or apoptosis depending on the intensity of stimulation and the degree of cell damage. However, the role of PLK2 in immunity to viral infection has been studied far less than that of other family members. Because PLK2 is extensively and deeply involved in normal physiological functions and pathophysiological mechanisms of cells, its role in diseases is increasingly being paid attention to. The effect of PLK2 in inhibiting hematological tumors and fibrotic diseases, as well as participating in neurodegenerative diseases, has been gradually recognized. However, the research results in solid organ tumors show contradictory results. In addition, preliminary studies using PLK2 as a disease predictor and therapeutic target have yielded some exciting and promising results. More research will help people better understand PLK2 from principle to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyong Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuangye Ni
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Lu,
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12
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Navitoclax Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of PLK1 Targeting on Lung Cancer Cells in 2D and 3D Culture Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061209. [PMID: 35745782 PMCID: PMC9229367 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of antimitotics is limited by slippage, whereby treated cells arrested in mitosis exit mitosis without cell division and, eventually, escape apoptosis, constituting a serious resistance mechanism to antimitotics. Strategies to overcome slippage should potentiate the cancer cell killing activity of these antimitotics. Such strategies should accelerate cell death in mitosis before slippage. Here, we undertook a mechanistic analysis to test whether the apoptosis activator Navitoclax potentiates apoptosis triggered by the antimitotic BI2536, a potent inhibitor of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) with the goal of overcoming slippage. We found that cancer cells in 2D cultures treated with BI2536 alone accumulate in mitosis, but a significant fraction of arrested cells undergo slippage and survive. Remarkably, combining BI2536 with Navitoclax dramatically reduces slippage, shifting the cell fate to accelerated death in mitosis. The results are confirmed in 3D spheroids, a preclinical system that mimics in vivo tumor drug responses. Importantly, in 3D spheroids, the effect of the BI2536/Navitoclax combination requires a lower therapeutic dosage of each drug, underlying its potential to improve the therapeutic index. Our results highlight the relevance of apoptosis potentiators to circumvent slippage associated with antimitotics. The combination of BI2536 with Navitoclax shows in vitro synergy/additive effect, which warrants further clinical research.
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13
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Ding Y, Liu H, Zhang C, Bao Z, Yu S. Polo-like kinases as potential targets and PLK2 as a novel biomarker for the prognosis of human glioblastoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2320-2334. [PMID: 35256538 PMCID: PMC8954957 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The most prevalent malignant central nervous system (CNS) cancer is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). PLKs (polo-like kinases) are a kind of serine-threonine kinase that modulate DNA replication, mitosis, and stress responses. PLKs in GBM need to be better studied and examined in terms of their expression, function, along with prognostic significance. Using an existing publicly available data set, we evaluated the expression level and prognostic relevance of PLKs in GBM patients at the molecular level. The biological processes along with cascades of the screened gene were predicted using the functional enrichment of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The data illustrated that PLK1/3/4 contents were greater in GBM tissues than in non-tumorous tissues, but PLK2/5 expression levels were lower. PLK2 expression was also linked to patient outcome in GBM. Our findings imply that PLKs might be useful molecular indicators as well as prospective treatment targets for GBM. A PLK2 inhibitor has been studied for the first time in a glioma cell in this work. In glioma cells, ON1231320 has anticancer effects. Finally, a summary of PLK inhibitors is presented, along with projections for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Zhang Z, Xing X, Guan P, Song S, You G, Xia C, Liu T. Recent progress in agents targeting polo-like kinases: Promising therapeutic strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113314. [PMID: 33765606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play important roles in regulating multiple aspects of cell cycle and cell proliferation. In many cancer types, PLK family members are often dysregulated, which can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and aberrant cell division and has been shown to associate with poor prognosis of cancers. The key roles of PLK kinases in cancers lead to an enhanced interest in them as promising targets for anticancer drug development. In consideration of PLK inhibitors and some other anticancer agents, such as BRD4, EEF2K and Aurora inhibitors, exert synergy effects in cancer cells, dual-targeting of PLK and other cancer-related targets is regarded as an rational and potent strategy to enhance the effectiveness of single-targeting therapy for cancer treatment. This review introduces the PLK family members at first and then focuses on the recent advances of single-target PLK inhibitors and summarizes the corresponding SARs of them. Moreover, we discuss the synergisms between PLK and other anti-tumor targets, and sum up the current dual-target agents based on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Xing
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Shanghai Haini Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Pudong, Shanghai, 201100, PR China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Shubin Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, PR China
| | - Guirong You
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China.
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15
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Screening of Hub Genes Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6626094. [PMID: 33816621 PMCID: PMC8010527 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6626094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease or pathophysiological syndrome which has a low survival rate with abnormally elevated pulmonary artery pressure caused by known or unknown reasons. In addition, the pathogenesis of PAH is not fully understood. Therefore, it has become an urgent matter to search for clinical molecular markers of PAH, study the pathogenesis of PAH, and contribute to the development of new science-based PAH diagnosis and targeted treatment methods. Methods In this study, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to downloaded a microarray dataset about PAH, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PAH and normal control were screened out. Moreover, we performed the functional enrichment analyses and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses of the DEGs. In addition, the prediction of miRNA and transcriptional factor (TF) of hub genes and construction miRNA-TF-hub gene network were performed. Besides, the ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of hub genes. Finally, the potential drug targets for the 5 identified hub genes were screened out. Results 69 DEGs were identified between PAH samples and normal samples. GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that these DEGs were mostly enriched in the inflammatory response and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, respectively. The miRNA-hub genes network was conducted subsequently with 131 miRNAs, 7 TFs, and 5 hub genes (CCL5, CXCL12, VCAM1, CXCR1, and SPP1) which screened out via constructing the PPI network. 17 drugs interacted with 5 hub genes were identified. Conclusions Through bioinformatic analysis of microarray data sets, 5 hub genes (CCL5, CXCL12, VCAM1, CXCR1, and SPP1) were identified from DEGs between control samples and PAH samples. Studies showed that the five hub genes might play an important role in the development of PAH. These 5 hub genes might be potential biomarkers for diagnosis or targets for the treatment of PAH. In addition, our work also indicated that paying more attention on studies based on these 5 hub genes might help to understand the molecular mechanism of the development of PAH.
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