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Tang X, He M, Ren Y, Ji M, Yan X, Zeng W, Lv Y, Li Y, He Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine formulas-based interventions on colorectal carcinoma prevention: The efficacies, mechanisms and advantages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:119008. [PMID: 39471879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.119008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/01/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulas (TCMFs) represent a distinctive medical approach to disease treatment and have been utilized in clinical practice for treating intestinal diseases for thousands of years. Recently, TCMFs have received increasing attention due to their advantages of high efficiency, safety, as well as low toxicity, providing promising strategies for preventing colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Nonetheless, the potential mechanism of TCMFs in preventing CRC has not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The literature from the past three years was reviewed to highlight the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of TCMFs in preventing CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The keywords have been searched, including "traditional Chinese medicine formulas," "herb pairs," "Herbal plant-derived nanoparticles," et al. in "PubMed" and "China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)," and screened published articles related to the treatment of intestinal precancerous lesions. This review primarily examined the effectiveness and mechanisms of TCMFs in treating intestinal precancerous lesions, highlighting their significant potential in preventing CRC. RESULTS Gegen Qinlian decoction, Shaoyao decoction, Wu Wei Wan, etc., exert substantial therapeutic effects on intestinal precancerous lesions. These therapeutic effects are demonstrated by a reduction in disease activity index scores, suppression of intestinal inflammation, and preservation of body weight and intestinal function, all of which contribute to the effective prevention of CRC. Besides, the classic Chinese herbal pairs and the extracellular vesicle-like nanoparticles of herbaceous plants have demonstrated superior efficacy in the treatment of intestinal precancerous lesions. Mechanistically, protecting the epithelial barrier, regulating gut microbiota as well as related metabolism, modulating macrophage polarization, and maintaining immune balance contribute to the role of TCMFs in CRC prevention. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates the great potential and mechanism of TCMFs in CRC prevention and provides a scientific basis for their utilization in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Tang
- School of biomedical sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China.
| | - Min He
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Ji
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yan
- Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Yongmin Li
- Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Yongheng He
- Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
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Sharma S, Bhattacharya S, Joshi K, Singh S. A shift in focus towards precision oncology, driven by revolutionary nanodiagnostics; revealing mysterious pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16157-16177. [PMID: 37650995 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), with chromosomal instability (CIN) playing a significant role. CRC is influenced by mutations in several important genes, including APC, TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF, and SMYD4. The three molecular subtypes of this disease are CIN, MSI-H, and CIMP (CpG-island phenotype). p53 dysfunction and aberrant Wnt signalling are common characteristics of CRC carcinogenesis. Despite advances in conventional therapy, metastatic CRC remains difficult to treat due to toxicity and resistance. Theranostics for cancer could significantly benefit from nanotechnology, as it would enable more targeted, individualised care with fewer side effects. Utilising functionalized nanoparticles has enabled MRI-guided gene therapy, magnetic hyperthermia, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and photothermal/photodynamic therapy, thereby radically modifying the way cancer is treated. Active targeting using ligands or peptides on nanoparticles improves the delivery of drugs to cancer cells. Nanostructures such as drug peptide conjugates, chitosan nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, hybrid lipid-polymer nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, and quantum dots may enable targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy against CRC. Nanomedicines are presently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of colorectal cancer, with the promise of more effective and individualised therapies. This article examines current nanomedicine patents for CRC, including the work of Delta-Fly, Merrimack, and Pfenning, Meaning & Partner, among others. In terms of future nanomedicine research and development, ligand production, particle size, and clearance are crucial factors. Lastly, the numerous nanostructures utilized in nanomedicine for targeted drug administration and diagnostics indicate optimistic prospects for enhancing CRC treatment. The successes of nanomedicine research and development for existing colon cancer treatments are also highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Industrial Area, Vaishali, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
| | - Kajal Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Industrial Area, Vaishali, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Industrial Area, Vaishali, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
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Host-microbiota interactions and oncogenesis: Crosstalk and its implications in etiology. Microb Pathog 2023; 178:106063. [PMID: 36893903 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of articles have discussed the potential of microbiota in oncogenesis. Several of these have evaluated the modulation of microbiota and its influence on cancer development. Even in recent past, a plethora of studies have gathered in order to understand the difference in microbiota population among different cancer and normal individuals. Although in majority of studies, microbiota mediated oncogenesis has been primarily attributed to the inflammatory mechanisms, there are several other ways through which microbiota can influence oncogenesis. These relatively less discussed aspects including the hormonal modulation through estrobolome and endobolome, production of cyclomodulins, and lateral gene transfer need more attention of scientific community. We prepared this article to discuss the role of microbiota in oncogenesis in order to provide concise information on these relatively less discussed microbiota mediated oncogenesis mechanisms.
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Stojsavljevic-Shapeski S, Virovic-Jukic L, Tomas D, Duvnjak M, Tomasic V, Hrabar D, Kralj D, Budimir I, Barsic N, Ljubicic N. Expression of adipokine ghrelin and ghrelin receptor in human colorectal adenoma and correlation with the grade of dysplasia. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:1708-1720. [PMID: 35070075 PMCID: PMC8727187 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i12.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin is an adipokine that plays an important role in energy balance. Expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor has been investigated in different tissues and tumors. Studies regarding expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor in colorectal tumors are scarce and no data on expression of ghrelin and its receptor in colorectal adenomas has been published. Ghrelin and ghrelin receptor were highly expressed in colon carcinoma cells while expression was decreased in less differentiated tumors, presuming that ghrelin might be important in early phases of tumorigenesis.
AIM To investigate the expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor in human colorectal adenomas and adjacent colorectal tissue.
METHODS In this prospective study (conducted from June 2015 until May 2019) we included 92 patients (64 male and 28 female) who underwent polypectomy for colorectal adenomas in the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sestre milosrdnice” Clinical Hospital Center in Zagreb, Croatia. After endoscopic removal of colorectal adenoma, an additional sample of colon mucosa in the proximity of the adenoma was collected for pathohistological analysis. Adenomas were graded according to the stage of dysplasia, and ghrelin and ghrelin receptor expression were determined immunohistochemically in both adenoma and adjacent colon tissue using the polyclonal antibody for ghrelin (ab150514, ABCAM Inc, Cambridge, United States) and ghrelin receptor (ab48285, ABCAM Inc, Cambridge, United States). Categorical and nominal variables were described through frequencies and proportions and the difference between specific groups were analyzed with Fisher’s and Fisher-Freeman-Halton’s method respectively. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was determined for correlation of expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor in adenoma and adjacent colon tissue with the grade of adenoma dysplasia.
RESULTS Among 92 patients with colorectal adenoma 43 had adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (46.7%). High expression of ghrelin was 7 times more common in high-grade adenoma compared to low-grade adenomas (13.95% to 2.04%, P = 0.048), while the expression of ghrelin in adjacent colon tissue was low. We found no correlation between ghrelin receptor expression in adenoma and adjacent colon tissue and the grade of colorectal adenoma dysplasia. The most significant correlation was found between ghrelin and ghrelin receptor expression in adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (rho = 0.519, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Ghrelin and ghrelin receptor are expressed in colorectal adenoma and adjacent tissue with ghrelin expression being more pronounced in high grade dysplasia as a possible consequence of increased local synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Stojsavljevic-Shapeski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, «Sestre Milosrdnice» University Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Lucija Virovic-Jukic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, «Sestre Milosrdnice» University Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Davor Tomas
- Ljudevit Jurak Department of Pathology, «Sestre Milosrdnice» University Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Duvnjak
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vedran Tomasic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, «Sestre Milosrdnice» University Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Davor Hrabar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, «Sestre Milosrdnice» University Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Dominik Kralj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, «Sestre Milosrdnice» University Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Budimir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, «Sestre Milosrdnice» University Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Neven Barsic
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, «Sestre Milosrdnice» University Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Neven Ljubicic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, «Sestre Milosrdnice» University Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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